Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Self-Management Strategies Mediate Self-Efficacy And Physical Activity, Amanda Birnbaum, Rod K. Dishman, Robert W. Motl, James F. Sallis, Andrea L. Dunn, Greg J. Welk, Ariane L. Yung, Carolyn C. Voorhees, Jared B. Jobe

Amanda Birnbaum

Self-efficacy theory proposes that girls who have confidence in their capability to be physically active will perceive fewer barriers to physical activity or be less influenced by them, be more likely to pursue perceived benefits of being physically active, and be more likely to enjoy physical activity. Self-efficacy is theorized also to influence physical activity through self-management strategies (e.g., thoughts, goals, plans, and acts) that support physical activity, but this idea has not been empirically tested.

Exploring The Physical Activity And Screen- Viewing-Related Knowledge, Training, And Self-Efficacy Of Early Childhood Education Candidates, Brianne A. Bruijns Msc, Kristi B. Adamo, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Valerie Carson, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Patti-Jean Naylor, Brian W. Timmons, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Patricia Tucker Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

Healthy Lifestyles: How A Community-Based Intervention Is Helping Low-Income Patients Battle Chronic Disease, Gina Baik

Gina Baik

Effect Of Exercise Dosages On Adiposity Indices In Overweight Girls, Stephanie Kellam, Norma Olvera, Patrick Leung, Jian Liu, Dennis Smith

Jian Liu

Objective. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the impact of two exercise dosages on reducing adiposity in minority girls. Materials and methods. Sixty-two overweight Hispanic and African-American girls participated in one of two intense summer interventions in Houston, TX: Intervention A (exposure to about 40 hours physical activities) or Intervention B (exposure to 60 hours of physical activities). Adiposity indices (percent body fat, waist circumference, body mass index) were taken pre- and post-intervention.

Results.

Intervention B had a significantly greater decrease in adiposity indicators (p= 0.006) when compared to Intervention A. Waist circumference displayed the most significant …

The Implementation And Feasibility Of The Supporting Physical Activity In The Childcare Environment (Space) Intervention: A Process Evaluation, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Molly Driediger, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Anca Gaston, Brian W. Timmons, Andrew M. Johnson Phd, Patricia Tucker Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

No abstract provided.

Fit Into College Ii: Physical Activity And Nutrition Behavior Effectiveness And Programming Recommendations, Kristi M. King, Jiying Ling, S. Lee Ridner, Dean E. Jacks, Karen S. Newton, Robert V. Topp

Kristi King

Purpose: To determine whether residency (living on campus versus off campus) was related to the effects of Fit into College on students’ health behaviors, and to understand interns’ perceptions of their roles in mentoring their trainees. Design: Pre-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest design and a posttest focus group interview. Setting: University-offered health and internship courses. Subjects: Twenty-four students (trainees) participated in the intervention, nine of whom lived on campus. Five student-interns served as their mentors. Intervention: Fit into College was a 14-week intervention in which trainees teamed up with an intern to improve and/or maintain healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Measures: …

Predictors Of Hospitalization Among Newly Admitted Skilled Nursing Facility Residents: Rethinking The Role Of Functional Decline, Sun J. Kim, Joo H. Lee, Shunichi Nakagawa, Elizabeth Bukowy, Ankoor Biswas, Boram Han, Yeilim Cho, Hyun Phil Shin, Ji Won Yoo

Aurora Internal Medicine Residents

Purpose: Hospital transfer from a skilled nursing facility (SNF) is costly, and many are potentially preventable. This study examines: 1) whether functional decline is a predictor of hospital transfer, and 2) the magnitude of relationships between predictors (functional impairment and chronic medical illness) and hospital transfer from SNFs.

Methods: We used Minimum Data Set (MDS) Version 2.0 in the state of Michigan between 2007 and 2009. In total, 196,662 new SNF admissions were observed. Multilevel generalized estimating equations and regression models were performed for each functional and clinical domain while adjusting for demographic variables and change in activities of daily …

Associations Of Smoking Status And Serious Psychological Distress With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ke-Sheng Wang, Liang Wang, Shimin Zheng, Long-Yang Wu

Shimin Zheng

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem due to its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, while serious psychological distress (SPD) is prevalent among COPD patients. However, no study focusing on the effect of SPD on COPD has been so far conducted, while few studies have focused on the associations of SPD and behavioral factors with COPD by smoking status. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations of SPD and behavioral factors (such as smoking and physical activity) with COPD. Materials and Methods: Weighted logistic regression …

Physician Role In Physical Activity For African-American Males Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy For Prostate Cancer, Faustine Williams, Kellie R. Imm, Graham A. Colditz, Ashley J. Housten, Lin Yang, Keon L. Gilbert, Bettina F. Drake

Faustine Williams

Purpose Physical activity is recognized as a complementary therapy to improve physical and physiological functions among prostate cancer survivors. Little is known about communication between health providers and African-American prostate cancer patients, a high risk population, regarding the health benefits of regular physical activity on their prognosis and recovery. This study explores African-American prostate cancer survivors’ experiences with physical activity prescription from their physicians. Methods Three focus group interviews were conducted with 12 African-American prostate cancer survivors in May 2014 in St. Louis, MO. Participants’ ages ranged from 49 to 79 years, had completed radical prostatectomy, and their time out …

Development Of A Mobile, Avatar-Based Application To Monitor Teens' Personal Body Shape Goals, Annmarie Lyles, Ashish Amresh, Michael Todd, Rebecca E. Lee

Ashish Amresh

Does The Prescriptive Lifestyle Of Seventh-Day Adventists Provide Immunity From The Secular Effects Of Changes In Bmi?, Lillian Kent, Anthony Worsley

Lillian Kent

Objective: To examine the effect of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) membership on ‘immunity’ to the secular effects of changes in BMI.

Design: Three independent, cross-sectional, screening surveys conducted by Sydney Adventist Hospital in 1976, 1986 and 1988 and a survey conducted among residents of Melbourne in 2006.

Subjects: Two hundred and fifty-two SDA and 464 non-SDA in 1976; 166 SDA and 291 non-SDA in 1986; 120 SDA and 300-non SDA in 1988; and 251 SDA and 294 non-SDA in 2006.

Measurements: Height and weight measured by hospital staff in 1976, 1986 and 1988; self-reported by respondents in 2006.

Results …

Lifetime Prevalence Of Non-Melanoma And Melanoma Skin Cancer In Australian Recreational And Competitive Surfers, Michael Climstein, James Furness, Wayne Hing, Joe Walsh

Wayne Hing

Background/Purpose Surfing is one of the most popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million recreational surfers; however, Australia has long been recognized as having the highest incidence of melanoma in the world, and it is the most common type of cancer in young Australians. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma [basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and melanoma skin cancers in Australian recreational and competitive surfers. Methods Australian surfers were invited to complete an online surveillance survey to determine the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin …

Psychosocial Determinants Of Physical Activity In Children Attending Afterschool Programs : A Path Analysis., Jiying Ling, Lorraine B. Robbins, Valerie L. Mccarthy, Barbara J. Speck

Valerie L. McCarthy

Background: Physical activity (PA) is important for controlling childhood obesity, but a comprehensive PA model for school-aged children is lacking. Objectives: Guided by the youth PA promotion (YPAP) model, this study estimated the direct and indirect effects of self-efficacy, enjoyment, parental influence, and environment on self-reported PA and pedometer steps. A secondary purpose was to explore the association between self-reported PA and pedometer steps. Methods: An observational and prospective study was conducted among 133 children, aged 8–11 years old, from 10 elementary schools with afterschool programs in a Midwestern U.S. school district from August through October 2013. PA was assessed …

The Associations Between Physical Activity, Screen Time And Weight From 6 To 14 Years: The Raine Study, Beth P. Hands, Paola Chivers, Helen Parker, Garth Kendall, Lawrence Beilin, Dawne Larkin

Paola Chivers

To examine the strength and direction of the relationship between physical activity level, screen use and BMI in a cohort at ages 6, 8, 10 and 14 yrs as part of a prospective longitudinal cohort study. The sample comprised 1403 males and females who participated in the follow-up survey at 14 yrs of age between 2003 and 2005. Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to examine the interrelationships between physical activity level, BMI and screen time at 6, 8, 10 and 14 yrs. Predictors of BMI at 6, 8, 10 and 14 yrs explained 1.3, 76.1, 80.1 and 73.1 percent …

Are There Associations Among Physical Activity, Fatigue, Sleep Quality And Pain In People With Mental Illness? A Pilot Study, Joanne Connaughton, Shane Patman, C Pardoe

Joanne Connaughton

Accessible summary

• Many people with mental health disorders experience fatigue, pain and poor sleep. In other patient groups, physical exercise has been shown to have positive effects on these symptoms.

• It is unknown whether day-to-day physical activity (not necessarily exercise) affects sleep quality or severity of pain or fatigue in those with mental illness.

• This study observed physical activity, sleep quality, pain and fatigue in four people hospitalized with severe mental illness.

• Significant associations were found between pain and fatigue severity in the morning, but not in the evening. A significant association was found between physical activity and morning and …

Application Of The Occupational Sitting And Physical Activity Questionnaire (Ospaq) To Office Based Workers, Jonine Jancey, Martin Tye, Sarah Mcgann, Krysten Blackford, Andy H. Lee

Sarah McGann

Background

The workplace is a setting where sedentary behaviour is highly prevalent. Accurately measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour is crucial to assess the impact of behavioural change interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and criterion validity of the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) and compare with data collected by accelerometers.

Methods

A test-retest study was undertaken on 99 participants using the OSPAQ. Data were then compared to accelerometer records of 41 participants. Reliability was assessed by paired t-test and intra-class correlations (ICC) via a two-way mixed model based on absolute agreement. Difference and agreement were …

Physical Activity And Public Health: Training Courses For Researchers And Practitioners, David Brown, Russell Pate, Michale Pratt, Fran Wheeler, David Buchner, Barbara Ainsworth, Caroline Macera

David C. Brown

No abstract provided.

Building Capacity In Physical Activity And Public Health, Russell Pate, Jennifer Gay, David Brown, Michael Pratt

David C. Brown

No abstract provided.

Sedentary Behavior And Related Factors Among Full-Time, University Faculty, Mary Keenan, Anna Greer

Anna E. Greer

Purpose - Sedentary behavior, independent of physical activity, is a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality. Little is known about factors related to sedentary behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sedentary behavior and the demographic characteristics, perceived physical activity (PA) environment, and PA behaviors of 72 full-Time, university faculty members. Design/methodology/approach - For this cross-sectional study, data were collected online using Survey Monkey®. Findings - Participants spent an average of 473 and 328 minutes/weekend day in sedentary activity. There was a positive correlation between minutes spent in vigorous PA and minutes spent sedentary …

Effects Of An After-School Care-Administered Physical Activity And Nutrition Protocol On Body Mass Index, Fitness Levels, And Targeted Psychological Factors In 5-To 8-Year-Olds, James Annesi, Alice Smith, Stephanie Walsh, Nicole Mareno, Kathleen Smith

Nicole Mareno

Proyecto Mama: A Lifestyle Intervention In Overweight And Obese Hispanic Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial--Study Protocol, Lisa Chasan-Taber, Bess H. Marcus, Milagros C. Rosal, Katherine L. Tucker, Sheri J. Hartman, Penelope S. Pekow, Edward J. Stanek Iii, Barry Braun, Caren G. Solomon, Joanne Manson, Sarah L. Goff, Glenn Markenson

Sarah L. Goff MD

BACKGROUND: The proportion of women entering pregnancy overweight or obese has been rising and, in turn, is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Gestational weight gain (GWG) exceeding Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines further increases health risks and has been independently associated with postpartum weight retention. Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity, but have had limited access to interventions that promote healthy lifestyles due to cultural, socioeconomic, and language barriers. Therefore, the overall goal of this randomized controlled trial is to test the efficacy of a culturally and linguistically modified, individually-tailored lifestyle intervention to reduce excess …

Travel To, And Use Of, Twenty-One Michigan Trails, Anna Greer, Julian Reed, Lisa Grost, Christina Harvey, Karah Mantinan

Anna E. Greer

Objective and methods: This study examined trail use among 857 trail users on 21 trails in Michigan from 2008 to 2011 using a valid and reliable intercept survey. Results: Most of the 857 participants traveled to the trail from their home (92.6%), lived within 15 min of the trails (74.8%), and used active transport to travel to the trails 69.7%. The odds of active transport to the trails were greater among those who had not graduated high school (OR=3.49; 95% CI=1.02, 11.99) and high school graduates (OR=7.432; 95% CI=2.02, 27.30) compared to college graduates. Whites and adults also had greater …

The Association Of Natural Elements And Trail Use By Adults, Anna E. Greer, Julian A. Reed, Steve P. Hooker

Anna E. Greer

We used the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities to examine the association between variations in natural elements (ie, season, weather, and temperature) and adults’ use of a rail-trail in South Carolina (2006-2009). Most (62%) of the 4,468 trail users observed were walkers; 38% were observed participating in vigorous physical activity. Adults were most often observed using the trail during the summer (32%), sunny weather (78%), and moderate temperatures (54%). When promoting trail use among adults, natural elements should be considered.

Use And Nonuse Of A Rail Trail Conversion For Physical Activity: Implications For Promoting Trail Use, Anna Greer, Julian Reed

Anna E. Greer

There is limited research examining both use and nonuse of trails for physical activity. Purpose: Such research might enable health educators to better promote physical activity on trails. Methods: We used random digit dialing methods to survey 726 respondents in 2012. Results:The majority (75.1%) of respondents reported not using the trail in the previous 6 months. The odds of using the trail were greater among adults compared to older adults and those with a high school degree or college degree compared to those with less than a high school degree. Fifteen percent of trail users reported using the trail regularly …

Web-Based Physical Activity Intervention For College-Aged Women, Lynne Ornes, Lynda B. Ransdell

Lynne L Ornes PhD, RN

This study compared the effectiveness of a web-based physical activity intervention to two control conditions in terms of increasing walking behavior in college-aged women. Women (N=112) from a public university in the southwest were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The 4-week intervention featured an experimental, repeated measures design that used the internet to deliver interactive activities. Control group participants were asked not to change their activity. Walking behavior was assessed by using pedometers to record step counts daily. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Women who received the intervention increased their mean steps/day by 38.8% …

Web-Based Physical Activity Intervention For College-Aged Women, Lynne Ornes, Lynda B. Ransdell

Lynne L Ornes PhD, RN

This study compared the effectiveness of a web-based physical activity intervention to two control conditions in terms of increasing walking behavior in college-aged women. Women (N=112) from a public university in the southwest were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The 4-week intervention featured an experimental, repeated measures design that used the internet to deliver interactive activities. Control group participants were asked not to change their activity. Walking behavior was assessed by using pedometers to record step counts daily. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Women who received the intervention increased their mean steps/day by 38.8% …

Where To Next For School Playground Interventions To Encourage Active Play? An Exploration Of Structured And Unstructured School Playground Strategies, Brendon P. Hyndman

Dr Brendon P Hyndman

An emerging public health priority is to enhance children’s opportunities for active play. Children spend a large proportion of weekdays in schools, making schools an influential and suitable setting to promote children’s active play. Rather than continually increasing the burdens placed upon busy teaching staff, the use of school playgrounds interventions have emerged as a critical strategy within schools to facilitate and develop children’s active play via an informal curriculum. This scholarly article provides a research-based commentary on a range of school playground interventions to encourage both structured and unstructured active play opportunities. Additionally, future research directions for school playground …

Sex Differences In Circumstances And Consequences Of Outdoor And Indoor Falls In Older Adults In The Mobilize Boston Cohort Study, Rachel Duckham, Elizabeth Procter-Gray, Marian T. Hannan, Suzanne G. Leveille, Lewis A. Lipsitz, Wenjun Li

Suzanne G. Leveille

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research on risk factors associated with falling in older adults, and current fall prevention interventions focusing on modifiable risk factors, there is a lack of detailed accounts of sex differences in risk factors, circumstances and consequences of falls in the literature. We examined the circumstances, consequences and resulting injuries of indoor and outdoor falls according to sex in a population study of older adults.

METHODS: Men and women 65 years and older (N = 743) were followed for fall events from the Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston prospective cohort …

Television Watching, Diet Quality, And Physical Activity And Diabetes Among Three Ethnicities In The United States, Fatma G. Huffman, Joan A. Vaccaro, Joel C. Exebio, Gustavo C. Zarini, Timothy Katz, Zisca Dixon

Joan A. Vaccaro

Diabetes is a world-wide epidemic associated with multiple environmental factors. Prolonged television viewing (TV) time has been related to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in several studies. TV viewing has been positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, lower energy expenditure, over-eating high-calorie and high-fat foods. The objective of this study was to assess the associations of hours of TV viewing with dietary quality, obesity and physical activity for three ethnic minorities with and without type 2 diabetes. Diet quality and physical activity were inversely related to prolonged TV viewing. African Americans and participants with type 2 …

Understanding The Importance, Dimensions And Settings For Developing Children’S Physical Activity Behaviour, Brendon P. Hyndman

Dr Brendon P Hyndman

Promotion of regular physical activity during childhood within schools, home and community settings is important as childhood forms the foundation for physical activity habits that can track into adulthood. Despite childhood being a crucial period for developing physical activity behaviour, there is a limited understanding of the physical activity behaviours of school-aged children. The aim of this research report is to facilitate understanding of children’s physical activity behaviours by outlining a range of measurement methods, behaviour models and correlates of children’s physical activity. The home, community and school settings in which children engage in physical activity are also discussed. Outlining …