Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Bioimpedance-Derived Membrane Capacitance: Clinically Relevant Sources Of Variability, Precision, And Reliability, Valene Garr Barry, Jasmine L Chiang, Kaylan G Bowman, Kristina D Johnson, Barbara A Gower

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Membrane capacitance (C

Studies Of Parenchymal Texture Added To Mammographic Breast Density And Risk Of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review Of The Methods Used In The Literature, Akila Anandarajah, Yongzhen Chen, Graham A Colditz, Angela Hardi, Carolyn Stoll, Shu Jiang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This systematic review aimed to assess the methods used to classify mammographic breast parenchymal features in relation to the prediction of future breast cancer. The databases including Medline (Ovid) 1946-, Embase.com 1947-, CINAHL Plus 1937-, Scopus 1823-, Cochrane Library (including CENTRAL), and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched through October 2021 to extract published articles in English describing the relationship of parenchymal texture features with the risk of breast cancer. Twenty-eight articles published since 2016 were included in the final review. The identification of parenchymal texture features varied from using a predefined list to machine-driven identification. A reduction in the number of features …

Interventions To Treat And Prevent Postpartum Depression: A Protocol For Systematic Review Of The Literature And Parallel Network Meta-Analyses, David Thomas Monks, Basavaraj Ankalagi, Preet Mohinder Singh, Ebony Carter, Michelle Doering, Meg Guard, Shannon Lenze

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression has costly consequences for the mother, baby, and society. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are available for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression. To date, no attempt has been made to synthesize the evidence from comparisons of interventions both within and across these categories.

METHODS: We will perform a systematic review of the literature and perform network meta-analysis of interventions to (a) prevent and (b) treat postpartum depression. This review will include studies of primiparous or multiparous women during pregnancy or within 12 months of delivery of their baby that assess either interventions initiated during pregnancy …

Socioecological Predictors Of Breastfeeding Practices In Rural Eastern Ethiopia, Marina Magalhães, Amanda Ojeda, Karah Mechlowitz, Kaitlin Brittain, Jenna Daniel, Kedir Teji Roba, Jemal Yousuf Hassen, Mark J Manary, Wondwossen A Gebreyes, Arie H Havelaar, Sarah L Mckune

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Estimates by the World Health Organization indicate that over 800,000 global neonatal deaths each year are attributed to deviations from recommended best practices in infant feeding. Identifying factors promoting ideal breastfeeding practices may facilitate efforts to decrease neonatal and infant death rates and progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030. Though numerous studies have identified the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of childhood undernutrition, infection and illness, and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, no studies have explored predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia, where undernutrition is widespread. The aim of this …

The Performance Of Plasma Amyloid Beta Measurements In Identifying Amyloid Plaques In Alzheimer's Disease: A Literature Review, Abby L Brand, Paige E Lawler, James G Bollinger, Yan Li, Suzanne E Schindler, Melody Li, Samir Lopez, Vitaliy Ovod, Akinori Nakamura, Leslie M Shaw, Henrik Zetterberg, Oskar Hansson, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The extracellular buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detection of Aβ pathology is essential for AD diagnosis and for identifying and recruiting research participants for clinical trials evaluating disease-modifying therapies. Currently, AD diagnoses are usually made by clinical assessments, although detection of AD pathology with positron emission tomography (PET) scans or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis can be used by specialty clinics. These measures of Aβ aggregation, e.g. plaques, protofibrils, and oligomers, are medically invasive and often only available at specialized medical centers or not covered by medical insurance, and PET …

Diverse Monogenic Subforms Of Human Spermatogenic Failure, Liina Nagirnaja, Wu-Lin Charng, Christina A Gurnett, Kenan R Omurtag, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility and typically incurable. Defining the genetic basis of NOA has proven challenging, and the most advanced classification of NOA subforms is not based on genetics, but simple description of testis histology. In this study, we exome-sequenced over 1000 clinically diagnosed NOA cases and identified a plausible recessive Mendelian cause in 20%. We find further support for 21 genes in a 2-stage burden test with 2072 cases and 11,587 fertile controls. The disrupted genes are primarily on the autosomes, enriched for undescribed human "knockouts", and, for the most part, have …

Trem2 Dependent And Independent Functions Of Microglia In Alzheimer's Disease, Jinchao Hou, Yun Chen, Gary Grajales-Reyes, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Microglia are central players in brain innate immunity and have been the subject of extensive research in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we aim to summarize the genetic and functional discoveries that have advanced our understanding of microglia reactivity to AD pathology. Given the heightened AD risk posed by rare variants of the microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), we will focus on the studies addressing the impact of this receptor on microglia responses to amyloid plaques, tauopathy and demyelination pathologies in mouse and human. Finally, we will discuss the implications of recent discoveries on microglia …

Associations Between Mental Health And Hiv Status Among Sexual Minority And Heterosexual Adolescents In Nigeria, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Olakunle Oginni, Olanrewaju Ibikunle Ibigbami, Uma Philip, Nserd Ntonoba Mfam, Chinedu Mbam, Amos Ganyam, Agada A Salem, Christopher Osuji, Cory Bradley, Joanne Lusher, Nadia Adjoa Sam-Agudu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine associations between the mental health status of adolescents by self-reported sexual identity; and to determine associations between the mental health status of sexual minority adolescents living with and without HIV.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected data from Nigerians aged 13-19 years old using an online survey. We collected information on dependent (sexual identity) and independent (presence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder, suicidal attempt/ideation, HIV status) study variables. A multivariate regression model determined associations between the dependent and independent variables. A second multivariate regression model was developed to establish associations between HIV status among sexual …

The Role Of Er Stress In Diabetes: Exploring Pathological Mechanisms Using Wolfram Syndrome, Shuntaro Morikawa, Fumihiko Urano

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cytosolic organelle that plays an essential role in the folding and processing of new secretory proteins, including insulin. The pathogenesis of diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders caused by dysfunctional insulin secretion (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or insulin sensitivity (Type 2 diabetes, T2DM), is known to involve the excess accumulation of "poorly folded proteins", namely, the induction of pathogenic ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. ER stress is known to contribute to the dysfunction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. T1DM and T2DM are multifactorial diseases, especially T2DM; both environmental and genetic factors are involved in …

In Silico Activity And Admet Profiling Of Phytochemicals From Ethiopian Indigenous Aloes Using Pharmacophore Models, Lemessa Etana Bultum, Gemechu Bekele Tolossa, Gwangmin Kim, Ohhyeon Kwon, Doheon Lee

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In silico profiling is used in identification of active compounds and guide rational use of traditional medicines. Previous studies on Ethiopian indigenous aloes focused on documentation of phytochemical compositions and traditional uses. In this study, ADMET and drug-likeness properties of phytochemicals from Ethiopian indigenous aloes were evaluated, and pharmacophore-based profiling was done using Discovery Studio to predict therapeutic targets. The targets were examined using KEGG pathway, gene ontology and network analysis. Using random-walk with restart algorithm, network propagation was performed in CODA network to find diseases associated with the targets. As a result, 82 human targets were predicted and found …

Stakeholder Perspectives On The Demand And Supply Factors Driving Substandard And Falsified Blood Pressure Lowering Medications In Nigeria: A Qualitative Study, Grace Shedul, Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade, Eugenia N Ugwuneji, Tunde M Ojo, Aishwarya Vijay, Patrick Ponzing, Inuwa Okpe, Gabriel Lamkur Shedul, Mark D Huffman, Dike Ojji, Lisa R Hirschhorn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Although substandard and falsified (SF) blood pressure (BP) lowering medications are a global problem, qualitative research exploring factors driving this in Nigeria has not been reported. This study provides information on factors driving demand for and supply of low-quality BP lowering medications in Nigeria and potential strategies to address these factors.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional qualitative study. Between August 2020 and September 2020, we conducted 11 in-depth interviews and 7 focus group discussions with administrators of health facilities, major manufacturers and distributors of BP lowering medications, pharmacists, drug regulators, patients and primary care physicians purposively sampled from the …

Lecanemab In Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease: Detailed Results On Biomarker, Cognitive, And Clinical Effects From The Randomized And Open-Label Extension Of The Phase 2 Proof-Of-Concept Study, Eric Mcdade, Jeffrey L Cummings, Shobha Dhadda, Chad J Swanson, Larisa Reyderman, Michio Kanekiyo, Akihiko Koyama, Michael Irizarry, Lynn D Kramer, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Lecanemab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets soluble aggregated Aβ species (protofibrils), has demonstrated robust brain fibrillar amyloid reduction and slowing of clinical decline in early AD. The objective of this analysis is to report results from study 201 blinded period (core), the open-label extension (OLE), and gap period (between core and OLE) supporting the effectiveness of lecanemab.

METHODS: The lecanemab study 201 core was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 856 patients randomized to one of five dose regimens or placebo. An OLE of study 201 was initiated to allow patients to receive open-label lecanemab 10mg/kg biweekly …

A Genome-Wide Association Study Of 2304 Extreme Longevity Cases Identifies Novel Longevity Variants, Harold Bae, Ping An, Mary Feitosa, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of human extreme longevity (EL), defined as surviving past the 99th survival percentile, by aggregating data from four centenarian studies. The combined data included 2304 EL cases and 5879 controls. The analysis identified a locus in CDKN2B-AS1 (rs6475609,

Expanded Proteomic Survey Of The Human Parasite Leishmania Major Focusing On Changes In Null Mutants Of The Golgi Gdp-Mannose/Fucose/Arabinopyranose Transporter, Gloria Polanco, Nichollas E Scott, Lon F Lye, Stephen M Beverley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The trypanosomatid protozoan parasite

Utilization Of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Cmr) Imaging For Resumption Of Athletic Activities Following Covid-19 Infection: An Expert Consensus Document On Behalf Of The American Heart Association Council On Cardiovascular Radiology And Intervention (Cvri) Leadership And Endorsed By The Society For Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Scmr), Frederick L Ruberg, Aaron L Baggish, Allison G Hays, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Jiwon Kim, Karen G Ordovas, Gautham Reddy, Chetan Shenoy, Jonathan W Weinsaft, Pamela K Woodard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory suyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now entering its 4th year with little evidence of abatement. As of December 2022, the World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard reported 643 million cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 98 million in the United States alone as the country with the highest number of cases. While pneumonia with lung injury has been the manifestation of COVID-19 principally responsible for morbidity and mortality, myocardial inflammation and systolic dysfunction though uncommon are well-recognized features that also associate with adverse prognosis. …

Utilization Of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Cmr) Imaging For Resumption Of Athletic Activities Following Covid-19 Infection: An Expert Consensus Document On Behalf Of The American Heart Association Council On Cardiovascular Radiology And Intervention (Cvri) Leadership And Endorsed By The Society For Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Scmr), Frederick L. Ruberg, Aaron L. Baggish, Allison G. Hays, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Jiwon Kim, Karen G. Ordovas, Gautham Reddy, Chetan Shenoy, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Pamela K. Woodard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory suyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now entering its 4th year with little evidence of abatement. As of December 2022, the World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard reported 643 million cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 98 million in the United States alone as the country with the highest number of cases. While pneumonia with lung injury has been the manifestation of COVID-19 principally responsible for morbidity and mortality, myocardial inflammation and systolic dysfunction though uncommon are well-recognized features that also associate with adverse prognosis. …

Antibodies Targeting The Neuraminidase Active Site Inhibit Influenza H3n2 Viruses With An S245n Glycosylation Site, Daniel Stadlbauer, Ali H Ellebedy, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Contemporary influenza A H3N2 viruses circulating since 2016 have acquired a glycosylation site in the neuraminidase in close proximity to the enzymatic active site. Here, we investigate if this S245N glycosylation site, as a result of antigenic evolution, can impact binding and function of human monoclonal antibodies that target the conserved active site. While we find that a reduction in the inhibitory ability of neuraminidase active site binders is measurable, this class of broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies maintains protective efficacy in vivo.

Perspectives On Joint Eanm/Snmmi/Anzsnm Practice Guidelines/Procedure Standards For [18f]Fdg Pet/Ct Imaging During Immunomodulatory Treatments In Patients With Solid Tumors, E Lopci, R L Wahl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Response assessment in the context of immunomodulatory treatments represents a major challenge for the medical imaging community and requires a multidisciplinary approach with involvement of oncologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. There is evolving evidence that [

A Unique High-Output Cardiac Hypertrophy Phenotype Arising From Low Systemic Vascular Resistance In Cantu Syndrome, Gautam K Singh, Conor Mcclenaghan, Manish Aggarwal, Hongjie Gu, Maria S Remedi, Dorothy K Grange, Colin G Nichols

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background Cardiomegaly caused by left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for development of congestive heart failure, classically associated with decreased systolic and/or diastolic ventricular function. Less attention has been given to the phenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy with enhanced ventricular function and increased cardiac output, which is potentially associated with high-output heart failure. Lack of recognition may pose diagnostic ambiguity and management complexities. Methods and Results We sought to systematically characterize high-output cardiac hypertrophy in subjects with Cantu syndrome (CS), caused by gain-of-function variants in

An Isochroman Analog Of Cd3254 And Allyl-, Isochroman-Analogs Of Net-Tmn Prove To Be More Potent Retinoid-X-Receptor (Rxr) Selective Agonists Than Bexarotene, Peter W Jurutka, Orsola Di Martino, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Bexarotene is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, its use provokes or disrupts other retinoid-X-receptor (RXR)-dependent nuclear receptor pathways and thereby incites side effects including hypothyroidism and raised triglycerides. Two novel bexarotene analogs, as well as three unique CD3254 analogs and thirteen novel NEt-TMN analogs, were synthesized and characterized for their ability to induce RXR agonism in comparison to bexarotene (

Covid-19 Induces Cns Cytokine Expression And Loss Of Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Allison L Soung, Abigail Vanderheiden, Xiaoping Jiang, Traci Bricker, Adrianus C M Boon, Robyn S Klein, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with acute and postacute cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms including impaired memory, concentration, attention, sleep and affect. Mechanisms underlying these brain symptoms remain understudied. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters exhibit a lack of viral neuroinvasion despite aberrant blood-brain barrier permeability. Hamsters and patients deceased from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also exhibit microglial activation and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, especially within the hippocampus and the medulla oblongata, when compared with non-COVID control hamsters and humans who died from other infections, cardiovascular disease, uraemia or trauma. In the …

Mitochondrial Autophagy In Ischemic Aged Livers, Jae-Sung Kim, William C Chapman, Yiing Lin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is a central catabolic event for mitochondrial quality control. Defective or insufficient mitophagy, thus, can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately cell death. There is a strong causal relationship between ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and mitochondrial dysfunction following liver resection and transplantation. Compared to young patients, elderly patients poorly tolerate I/R injury. Accumulation of abnormal mitochondria after I/R is more prominent in aged livers than in young counterparts. This review highlights how altered autophagy is mechanistically involved in age-dependent hypersensitivity to reperfusion injury.

A Whole-Genome Sequencing Study Implicates Gramd1b In Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility, Federica Esposito, Bryan Bollman, Laura Piccio, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

While the role of common genetic variants in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been elucidated in large genome-wide association studies, the contribution of rare variants to the disease remains unclear. Herein, a whole-genome sequencing study in four affected and four healthy relatives of a consanguineous Italian family identified a novel missense c.1801T > C (p.S601P) variant in the

An Fmri Protocol For Administering Liquid Incentives To Human Participants, Debbie M Yee, Jennifer L Crawford, Todd S Braver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This protocol describes the materials and approaches for administering liquid incentives to human participants during fMRI scanning. We first describe preparation of the liquid solutions (e.g., neutral solution and saltwater) and liquid delivery setups. We then detail steps to connect the setups to the computer-controlled syringe pump in the MRI control room, followed by procedures for testing the syringe pump dispensing a liquid bolus during the task. Description of custom software and required adapters for implementing the liquid setup are included. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yee et al. (2021).

Human Nk Cells Confer Protection Against Hiv-1 Infection In Humanized Mice, Can M. Sungur, Qiankun Wang, Ayşe N. Ozantürk, Hongbo Gao, Aaron J. Schmitz, Marina Cella, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Liang Shan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The role of NK cells against HIV-1 infections remains to be elucidated in vivo. While humanized mouse models potentially could be used to directly evaluate human NK cell responses during HIV-1 infection, improved functional development of human NK cells in these hosts is needed. Here, we report the humanized MISTRG-6-15 mouse model, in which NK cells were quick to expand and exhibit degranulation, cytotoxicity, and proinflammatory cytokine production in nonlymphoid organs upon HIV-1 infection but had reduced functionality in lymphoid organs. Although HIV-1 infection induced functional impairment of NK cells, antiretroviral therapy reinvigorated NK cells in response to HIV-1 rebound …

Social Attention During Object Engagement: Toward A Cross-Species Measure Of Preferential Social Orienting, Claire Weichselbaum, Nicole Hendrix, Jordan Albright, Joseph D Dougherty, Kelly N Botteron, John N Constantino, Natasha Marrus

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A central challenge in preclinical research investigating the biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the translation of ASD-related social phenotypes across humans and animal models. Social orienting, an observable, evolutionarily conserved behavior, represents a promising cross-species ASD phenotype given that disrupted social orienting is an early-emerging ASD feature with evidence for predicting familial recurrence. Here, we adapt a competing-stimulus social orienting task from domesticated dogs to naturalistic play behavior in human toddlers and test whether this approach indexes decreased social orienting in ASD.

METHODS: Play behavior was coded from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in two samples …

Tissue Registration And Exploration User Interfaces In Support Of A Human Reference Atlas, Katy Börner, Andreas Bueckle, Bruce W Herr 2nd, Leonard E Cross, Ellen M Quardokus, Elizabeth G Record, Yingnan Ju, Jonathan C Silverstein, Kristen M Browne, Sanjay Jain, Clive H Wasserfall, Marda L Jorgensen, Jeffrey M Spraggins, N Heath Patterson, Griffin M Weber

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Seventeen international consortia are collaborating on a human reference atlas (HRA), a comprehensive, high-resolution, three-dimensional atlas of all the cells in the healthy human body. Laboratories around the world are collecting tissue specimens from donors varying in sex, age, ethnicity, and body mass index. However, harmonizing tissue data across 25 organs and more than 15 bulk and spatial single-cell assay types poses challenges. Here, we present software tools and user interfaces developed to spatially and semantically annotate ("register") and explore the tissue data and the evolving HRA. A key part of these tools is a common coordinate framework, providing standard …

Topics And Sentiment Surrounding Vaping On Twitter And Reddit During The 2019 E-Cigarette And Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury Outbreak: Comparative Study, Dezhi Wu, Erin Kasson, Avineet Kumar Singh, Yang Ren, Nina Kaiser, Ming Huang, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Vaping or e-cigarette use has become dramatically more popular in the United States in recent years. e-Cigarette and vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases caused an increase in hospitalizations and deaths in 2019, and many instances were later linked to unregulated products. Previous literature has leveraged social media data for surveillance of health topics. Individuals are willing to share mental health experiences and other personal stories on social media platforms where they feel a sense of community, reduced stigma, and empowerment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare vaping-related content on 2 popular social media platforms (ie, Twitter and Reddit) …

Recurrent Switch 2 Domain Rac2 Mutations In Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Rohan Kodgule, Jie Chen, Pooja Khonde, Joshua Robinson, Amy D'Albora, Lisa Cook, Catrina C Fronick, Robert Fulton, Sridhar Nonavinkere Srivatsan, Patrick J Cimino, Eric J Duncavage

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Molecular Classification And Biomarkers Of Clinical Outcome In Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Analysis Of Tbcrc 038 And Rahbt Cohorts, Siri H Strand, Deborah J Veis, Katherine Deschryver, Jen Tappenden, Jingqin Luo, Shu Jiang, Graham A Colditz, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC), with variable propensity for progression. We perform multiscale, integrated molecular profiling of DCIS with clinical outcomes by analyzing 774 DCIS samples from 542 patients with 7.3 years median follow-up from the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium 038 study and the Resource of Archival Breast Tissue cohorts. We identify 812 genes associated with ipsilateral recurrence within 5 years from treatment and develop a classifier that predicts DCIS or IBC recurrence in both cohorts. Pathways associated with recurrence include proliferation, immune response, and metabolism. Distinct stromal expression …