Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Progressive Acceleration Of Insulin Exposure Over 7 Days Of Infusion Set Wear, Jasmin R. Kastner, Timothy S. Bailey, Poul Strange, Leon Shi, Keith A. Oberg, Paul J. Strasma, Jeffrey I. Joseph, Douglas B. Muchmore

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

Insulin exposure varies over 3 days of insulin infusion set (IIS) wear making day-to-day insulin dosing challenging for people with diabetes (PWD). Here we report insulin pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) data extending these observations to 7 days of IIS wear. PWD (A1C ≤8.5%, C-peptide tmax (P < 0.001), Cmax (P < 0.05), and mean residence time (P < 0.0001). Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC0–300) declined by ∼24% from days 0 to 7 (P < 0.05). These results confirm/extend previous observations showing progressive acceleration of insulin exposure over IIS wear time. This may have implications for PWD and designers of closed-loop algorithms, although larger studies are necessary to confirm this. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04398030).

Heavy Metals As Risk Factors For Human Diseases - A Bayesian Network Approach, M Perrelli, R Wu, D J Liu, R G Lucchini, L Del Bosque-Plata, Michael Vergare, M P Akhter, J Ott, Claudia Gragnoli

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Faculty Papers

Modern industrial agricultural processes expose human beings to multifactorial environmental pollution including heightened levels of heavy metals. The effects of acute heavy metal exposures at toxic levels are usually known; they are tested for and treated promptly. The effects of low/moderate-level chronic heavy metal exposures are less known as they may be subclinical, and pathogenic effects may only manifest clinically over time under the disguise of a diagnosable disease or miscellaneous symptoms attributed to aging. Consequently, the health impact of low-moderate heavy metal exposure is unlikely to be identified. Furthermore, established heavy metal safety levels often fail to recognize the …

Impact Of Diabetes Status And Related Factors On Covid-19-Associated Hospitalization: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study Of 116,370 Adults With Sars-Cov-2 Infection., Erin M. Tallon, Osagie Ebekozien, Janine Sanchez, Vincent S. Staggs, Diana Ferro, Ryan Mcdonough, Carla Demeterco-Berggren, Sarit Polsky, Patricia Gomez, Neha Patel, Priya Prahalad, Ori Odugbesan, Priyanka Mathias, Joyce M. Lee, Chelsey Smith, Chi-Ren Shyu, Mark A. Clements

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Aims: We examined diabetes status (no diabetes; type 1 diabetes [T1D]; type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and other demographic and clinical factors as correlates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization. Further, we evaluated predictors of COVID-19-related hospitalization in T1D and T2D.

Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from the de-identified COVID-19 database (December 2019 through mid-September 2020; 87 US health systems). Logistic mixed models were used to examine predictors of hospitalization at index encounters associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results: In 116,370 adults ( >=18 years old) with COVID-19 (93,098 no diabetes; 802 T1D; 22,470 T2D), factors that independently increased …

Desmoglein-2 Is Important For Islet Function And Β-Cell Survival, Kay K. Myo Min, Darling Rojas-Canales, Daniella Penko, Mark Denichilo, Michaelia P. Cockshell, Charlie B. Ffrench, Emma J. Thompson, Olof Asplund, Christopher J. Drogemuller, Rashmi B. Prasad, Leif Groop, Shane T Grey, Helen E. Thomas, Thomas Loudovaris, Thomas W. Kay, My G. Mahoney, Claire F. Jessup, P. Toby Coates, Claudine S. Bonder

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by the lack of endogenous insulin secreted from the pancreatic β-cells. Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes, a complete understanding of the cell-to-cell interactions that support pancreatic function is still lacking. To characterize the pancreatic endocrine compartment, we studied pancreata from healthy adult donors and investigated a single cell surface adhesion molecule, desmoglein-2 (DSG2). Genetically-modified mice lacking Dsg2 were examined for islet cell mass, insulin production, responses to glucose, susceptibility to a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of hyperglycaemia, and ability to cure diabetes …

Implication Of Melanocortin Receptor Genes In The Familial Comorbidity Of Type 2 Diabetes And Depression., Mutaz Amin, Jurg Ott, Rongling Wu, Teodor T Postolache, Claudia Gragnoli

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Faculty Papers

The melanocortin receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors, which are essential components of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and they mediate the actions of melanocortins (melanocyte-stimulating hormones: α-MSH, β-MSH, and γ-MSH) as well as the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in skin pigmentation, adrenal steroidogenesis, and stress response. Three melanocortin receptor genes (MC1R, MC2R, and MC5R) contribute to the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), and one melanocortin receptor gene (MC4R) contributes to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MDD increases T2D risk in drug-naïve patients; thus, MDD and T2D commonly coexist. The five melanocortin receptor genes might confer risk for both disorders. However, they …

Improving Cancer Care Through Digital Health Coaching, Jennifer Nguyen, Pharmd, Vittorio Maio, Pharmd, Ms, Msph, Nathan Handley, Md, Mba

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Growth Patterns In Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications For Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models., Chelsea M. Hosey, Kelsee Halpin, Valentina Shakhnovich, Chengpeng Bi, Brooke Sweeney, Yun Yan, J Steven Leeder

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

An accurate understanding of the changes in height and weight of children with age is critical to the development of models predicting drug concentrations in children (i.e., physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models). However, curves describing the growth of a typical population of children may not accurately characterize growth of children with various conditions, such as obesity. Therefore, to develop height and weight versus age growth curves for youth who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, we extracted data from electronic medical records. Robust nonlinear models were parameterized to the equations describing height and weight versus age as defined by the Centers for …

Contrast Pattern Mining With The T1d Exchange Clinic Registry Reveals Complex Phenotypic Factors And Comorbidity Patterns Associated With Familial Versus Sporadic Type 1 Diabetes., Erin M. Tallon, Maria J. Redondo, Chi-Ren Shyu, Danlu Liu, Katrina Boles, Mark A. Clements

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.