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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Requirement Of Transcriptional Lim Complex Co-Regulators For Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Development And Function, Eliana Davi Toren
The Requirement Of Transcriptional Lim Complex Co-Regulators For Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Development And Function, Eliana Davi Toren
All ETDs from UAB
The prevalence and tremendous impact of diabetes mellitus has made glucose regulation of the insulin-producing -cell and surrounding pancreatic islet of Langerhans a center of public and research interests alike. A comprehensive understanding of these hormone-producing cells begins with their developmental origins. What are the genetic cues and participants in the tightly orchestrated process of their formation? Investigating the earliest determinants of islet-cell fate not only allows us to deeply understand mature - and islet-cell function, but also produces a data-driven template for how these cells can be reproduced in future stem-cell based diabetes therapies. LIM transcriptional complexes are indispensable …
The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla
The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla
All ETDs from UAB
Cardiovascular disease risk is higher among adult with diabetes than those without diabetes. This increase in risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics. Recent US data showed a resurgence in stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adults with diabetes, and an increase in heart failure (HF) mortality. Therefore, this dissertation investigated how cardiovascular disease risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics for adults across the glycemic spectrum.Data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, an ongoing prospective cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults age 45 years at baseline (2003-07) …
Impact Of Ncqa Pcmh-Level On Low Income Diabetics In Louisiana, Michael G. Griffin
Impact Of Ncqa Pcmh-Level On Low Income Diabetics In Louisiana, Michael G. Griffin
All ETDs from UAB
While past studies have examined the relationship between safety-net provider sites that are certified as Patient Centered Medical Homes (PCMH) and quality health care outcomes, no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between NCQA PCMH certification levels at primary care sites and quality health care outcomes. NCQA is the largest national certification program for PCMH, and for 10 years was the only national program that offered a tiered level of certification based on provider level of patient engagement and deployed resources. The Donabedian Model, which focuses on structure, process, and outcomes, was used to develop the theoretical framework to address …
Lim Transcriptional Complexes That Impact Endocrine Pancreas Development And Function, Maigen Bethea
Lim Transcriptional Complexes That Impact Endocrine Pancreas Development And Function, Maigen Bethea
All ETDs from UAB
The Ldb1:Isl1 LIM transcriptional complex is critical for endocrine pancreas development as well as b-cell terminal differentiation. These complexes have been shown to interact with various proteins to elicit transcriptional regulation in other tissues, yet few interactors have been identified in b-cells. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to identify interactors of Ldb1 and Isl1 and assess their contributions to endocrine pancreas development and function. Using a reversible crosslink immunoprecipitation (ReCLIP) and mass spectrometry (MS) strategy to isolate endogenous Ldb1 and/or Isl1 interacting protiens, SSBP3, Rnf20, and Rnf40 (E3 ubiquitin ligases) coregulators were identified. SSBP3 was found to interact …
The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little
The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little
All ETDs from UAB
Many dietary exposures have weak or null associations with glioma risk. As nutrition can affect growth rate in adolescence, body size throughout the lifespan, and the propensity for Type 2 diabetes, the goal of this project was to examine the relationships between these surrogates of nutritional states and the risk of glioma. The aims of this project were to examine the associations between glioma risk and 1) self-reported body measures; 2) age when full height was attained; 3) and a history of diabetes. To investigate the first aim, 1,111 glioma cases and 1,096 community controls completed a structured interview to …
Exploring The Relationship Between Social Support, Pharmacy Access And Medication Adherence, Favel Leah Mondesir
Exploring The Relationship Between Social Support, Pharmacy Access And Medication Adherence, Favel Leah Mondesir
All ETDs from UAB
Barriers of medication adherence exist among people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk factors, including, poor social support, poor pharmacy access and other patient, social/economic, therapy, condition, and health-care system/health-care team-related factors. However, there are few data on influence of these factors on medication adherence among people with CHD risk factors other than diabetes. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to investigate associations of medication adherence with social support (n=17,113) and pharmacy access (n=8,250) quantitatively using data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (black and white adults with CHD or CHD risk factors ≥45 …
Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Phenotypes, Samantha G. Bromfield
Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Phenotypes, Samantha G. Bromfield
All ETDs from UAB
Hypertension and diabetes are common and are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several blood pressure (BP) phenotypes, identified by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for CVD. However, there are few data on ABPM phenotypes among individuals with diabetes. Identifying modifiable factors that improve cardiovascular health may reduce CVD events and the prevalence of ABPM phenotypes, such as masked hypertension. Given the ability of ABPM to identify unconventional BP phenotypes that provide prognostic information beyond clinic BP, it is important to understand the optimal number of 24-hour ABPM readings necessary …
The Roles Of Mammalian Tribbles Homolog 3 (Trib3) In Coordinating Energy Metabolism And Development Of Insulin Resistance, Wei Zhang
All ETDs from UAB
Insulin resistance in diabetics comprises of a reversible component treatable with intensive glycemic control and a non-reversible component present in pre-diabetes that may lead to the development of overt diabetes. The reversible component is induced and exacerbated by hyperglycemia in both uncontrolled type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a process known as glucose-induced insulin resistance (GIIR) or glucose toxicity. The tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) has been identified as a pseudokinase that inhibits Akt activity by physically blocking its phosphorylation site. Expression of TRIB3 has been associated with various signals such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nutrient availability in pancreatic …
Dietary Pattern Adherence Of Adults With Diabetes In The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study 2003-2007, Keith Pearson
All ETDs from UAB
The objective of this study was to determine if adults with diabetes engage in different dietary practices compared to adults without diabetes in a national cohort of adults 45 years of age or older. Dietary practices were evaluated using five dietary patterns derived previously using factor analysis in a sample of 21,636 African American and European American participants who completed the Block 98 Food Frequency Questionnaire in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) measuring dietary pattern adherence of adults with diabetes …
An Economic Evaluation Of A Peer Support Intervention For Diabetes Self-Management, Caresse Campbell
An Economic Evaluation Of A Peer Support Intervention For Diabetes Self-Management, Caresse Campbell
All ETDs from UAB
Appropriate management of diabetes has the potential to affect not only health outcomes associated with diabetes, but also its economic burden. Peer support has emerged as a promising intervention to improve diabetes self-management, with demonstrated effects on improving clinical outcomes. Whether the health improvements obtained with peer support are worth its implementation cost, has not been established. This dissertation sought to close the gap in the literature by conducting an economic evaluation of a peer support intervention for diabetes self-management. We conducted analyses of secondary data from Encourage, a randomized trial testing a peer advisor intervention conducted in rural Alabama. …
Commensal Microbiota And Its Impact On Health And Autoimmune Diabetets, Kyle James Wolf
Commensal Microbiota And Its Impact On Health And Autoimmune Diabetets, Kyle James Wolf
All ETDs from UAB
Environmental exposures such as diet, use of antibiotics, and lifestyle have significant impact on the health of an individual. One mechanism that acts as a major pathway in these environmental exposures is the role intestinal commensal microbiota play in both metabolic and immunological responses. Metabolic pathways are altered through changes in metabolites provided by commensal microbiota; alterations in microbial make-up can have drastic impacts on metabolic function. Similarly, the development and maturation of the immune system is dependent on the intestinal microbes to induce tolerance and act as both an immune modulator as well as a barrier against pathogens. We …
Targeting Mitochondrial Function In Diabetic Nephropathy, Colin Reily
Targeting Mitochondrial Function In Diabetic Nephropathy, Colin Reily
All ETDs from UAB
TARGETING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY The incidence of diabetes has increased to epidemic proportions over the last 50 years, due to a complex interaction of lifestyle and dietary factors. Changes in physical activity, caloric intake, and the composition of foods consumed over the last century are thought to interact with metabolic syndrome prone subpopulations leading ultimately to diabetes. It is widely accepted that chronic hyperglycemia in the blood characterizes the diabetic condition. Since the discovery of insulin therapy in the first half of the 20th century, diabetics have extended their lifespan considerably, but at the cost of increased morbitity …
Vitamin D And Insulin Sensitivity Among African American And European American Adolescents And Adults, Jessica Alejandra Alvarez
Vitamin D And Insulin Sensitivity Among African American And European American Adolescents And Adults, Jessica Alejandra Alvarez
All ETDs from UAB
Adequate vitamin D status is associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); the relationship may be mediated by insulin sensitizing effects of vitamin D. African Americans (AA) are at a greater risk for T2DM and insulin resistance, as well as vitamin D deficiency, compared to European Americans (EA). The primary objective of this dissertation was to investigate the independent relationships of vitamin D with various measures of insulin sensitivity. Investigations were performed in a series of studies involving adolescent and adult female cohorts. The intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity index (SI) or the oral glucose tolerance …
The Role Of Trib3 In Insulin Resistance: Its Action As Nutrient Sensor And Regulator Of Insulin Action, Jiarong Lamiquiz
The Role Of Trib3 In Insulin Resistance: Its Action As Nutrient Sensor And Regulator Of Insulin Action, Jiarong Lamiquiz
All ETDs from UAB
THE ROLE OF TRIB3 IN INSULIN RESISTANCE: ITS ACTION AS NUTRIENT SENSOR AND REGULATOR OF INSULIN ACTION JIARONG LIU LAMIQUIZ PATHOLOGY ABSTRACT Insulin resistance is a hallmark of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A reduced capacity for insulin to stimulate increases in glucose uptake and glucose oxidation in insulin sensitive tissues, such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, are common defects in patients with insulin resistance, T2DM, and other related diseases. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) has been demonstrated to play a role in insulin resistance by serving as a negative regulator of Akt in mouse liver, fat, and pancreas. In a …
An Assessment Of The Factors That Affect The Self-Care Behaviors Of Diabetics, Gregory Ellis
An Assessment Of The Factors That Affect The Self-Care Behaviors Of Diabetics, Gregory Ellis
All ETDs from UAB
The International Diabetes Federation states that there are over 246 million people in the world who have diabetes. The occurrence of co-morbidities associated with diabetes can be significantly reduced with adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors. Self-care behaviors consist of a series of behaviors that encompass life-diet, exercise, self-blood glucose examinations, and self-foot examinations. This is the only national population -based study of diabetes self-care behaviors to comprehensively identify the influence of age, gender, income, and having a regular provider of care across a complete range of self-care behaviors. This is also the first analysis of its kind to examine how …