Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pengaruh Diaphragmatic Breathing Dan Endurance Exercise Terhadap Peningkatan Kapasitas Kardiorespirasi Pada Pasien Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia, Alifia Azzahra, Annisya Puspitarani, Zahra Sativani, Riza Pahlawi

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia or Indonesian Journal of Applied Physiotherapy

The purpose of this case study is to determine the effect of diaphragmatic breathing and endurance exercise in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Nosocomial pneumonia that occurs in 48 hours or more after the patient admitted to the hospital, without any signs of pulmonary infection. The existence of clinical manifestations that appear, patients with HAP tend to avoid physical activity which can decrease the functional capacity of the respiratory system and have an impact on decreasing endurance. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise is thought to be able to help reduce shortness of breath, reduce the work of the accessory muscles of breathing, improve breathing …

Daily Living Assistance Provided By Residents To Other Residents In Residential Aged Care Homes: Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices, Siti Noraini Asmuri, Masne Kadar, Nor Afifi Razaob, Chai Siaw Chui, Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The rise of the aged population in Malaysia has resulted in the increased need for services, especially in terms of healthcare. Hence, continuous support is crucial to managing the daily living activities of this group. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of older adults residing in Malaysian aged care homes concerning daily living activities and their provision of assistance to other residents with more significant disabilities.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted on ten older adults and six staff members of two selected residential aged care homes. The interview session concerned the knowledge, attitudes, …

Publishing Research Protocols, Rolando Lazaro, Arvie Vitente, Catherine Joy Escuadra, Esmerita Rotor, Jocel Regino

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Professional Perspectives On Bilingualism In Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study, Rosa N. Benavidez Saldivar, Jessica R. Stewart, Ruth Crutchfield, Roy K. Chen, Lily Puente

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The present study examined the perspectives of professionals regarding bilingualism and ASD. Methods: A total of 27 professionals participated in this study. Data was collected via an online survey. The survey was designed based on a literature review and consultation with a team of experts in the field of ASD. Information relating to demographic information, professional practice information, and perspectives of bilingualism and ASD was collected. Results: Professionals participating in the present study were most likely to agree with the statement, “A child with ASD from a bilingual household is able to understand both languages” and least likely to …

Promoting Longevity Through Engagement In Purposeful Occupations, Jennifer K. Fortuna

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Ron Henry, an artist based in Grand Junction, CO, provided the cover art for the Fall 2022 edition of The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT). “On the Trail to Durango” is a 36” x 36” painting made from oil and acrylic on gesso board. Ron has been creating beautiful art since he was a child. Art has provided Ron with a strong sense of purpose throughout his life. At age 90, Ron attributes his longevity to living a healthy lifestyle and regular engagement in purposeful occupations, such as painting. In this tenth anniversary issue of OJOT, Occupation and the …

Cultivating Cultural Humility In Occupational Therapy Through Experiential Strategies And Modeling, Sylvia H. Anderson

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Cultural competence and cultural humility have been topics in conversations for many years in multiple industries. Indeed, attempts have been made and continue to be made to address cultural ineptness and unawareness. Of particular concern are the attitudes and behaviors exhibited by health care practitioners. More specifically, the author will discuss the importance of cultivating cultural humility among occupational therapy educators, students, and practitioners through modeling and experiential learning strategies. This article is designed to help occupational therapy educators, professionals, and students to increase their awareness about the need for and benefit of cultural humility in education and practice. The …

Health Literacy And Occupational Therapy: A Discussion On Assessing And Addressing Limited Health Literacy, April M. Bryant, Bryan M. Gee, Lynn Gitlow

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Health literacy is multidimensional and goes beyond simply education level. In addition, age, gender, race and ethnicity, social network, and income level, among other things, can contribute to the level of health literacy and affect health outcomes. Many Americans cannot make sound decisions regarding their health care because of limited health literacy, yet health literacy is rarely considered during an occupational therapy evaluation and subsequent plan of care. This manuscript informs occupational therapists on strategies to address limited health literacy by using literature and evidence.

Arts-Based Training Program Effectiveness: A Teaching Methodology In An Occupational Therapy Doctorate Program, Hillary Napier, Nicole Kovalevsky, Clarissa Stanhope, Alexandra Wasko, Katherine Williams, Rebecca Ozelie

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Arts-based training programs can aid in building observational skills, communication, team building, and leadership through targeted analysis of works of art. Furthermore, arts-based training programs are unique in that they highlight non-technical skills (NTS). The goal of this study was to investigate the extent to which NTS were developed through an arts-based training program among entry-level occupational therapy doctorate (OTD) students. This study used a mixed methodological approach to analyze retrospective data. Quantitative analysis of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) assessment was conducted. Qualitative analysis was completed through analysis of the participants’ reflection papers. Quantitative results (n = …

Benefits Of Peer-Mentorship For Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Students: A Descriptive Study, Robert G. Gallagher, Razan Hamed

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: This study explored the benefits of a new peer-mentorship program designed for Master's-level occupational therapy students.

Method: This was a descriptive study of an entry-level Master’s of occupational therapy (MOT) program. A group of entry-level MOT students participated in the program as mentees (n = 37 in summer 2019, n = 39 in fall 2019) and mentors (n = 9 in summer 2019, n = 8 in fall 2019) for two academic semesters. Feedback about the process and outcomes of the peer-mentorship program was collected at the end of each semester.

Results: The data showed that mentees reported …

The Development Of Leaders: Suggested Modules For Education, Tracey E. Recigno, Paula Kramer

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The development of leaders is critical for the education of all professionals and, particularly, those in the field of occupational therapy. Current accreditation standards offer a limited perspective on leadership, and educators should consider a more holistic viewpoint to leadership development, especially as many programs are moving to the doctoral level. The adult learning theory of andragogy in conjunction with social learning theory, experiential learning theory, and leadership theories can help guide educators’ creation of integrative learning opportunities. This paper proposes a framework for leadership education that promotes building leadership capacity through leadership skill, identity, and mindset formation. Suggested evidence-based …

Developing An Anti-Racist Practice In Occupational Therapy: Guidance For The Occupational Therapist, Justin E. Lerner, Angie Kim

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

A strong anti-racist practice is critical for occupational therapists who represent an overwhelmingly white and female workforce yet serve people from all ethnic and racial backgrounds. These therapists are commonly unprepared to work with a racially diverse clientele because of a lack of reflective and critical practice grounded in anti-racism. This article provides some critical literature about race and racism in occupational science. We present important concepts for therapists to deepen their understanding of anti-racist practice, including intersectionality, agent and target groups, and equity and equality. We then explore some critical theoretical frameworks that can help conceptualize anti-racist practice, such …

Leadership Practices Of State Associations: Does State President Leadership Style Encourage Membership?, Leslie M. Sizemore

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: This research addressed the “graying” of the professional state occupational therapy association as new clinicians are more frequently making the decision not to join. It is particularly relevant for boards who are attempting to establish and retain members.

Method: To assess the leadership styles of presidents of state occupational therapy associations and to examine the impact of leadership style on membership status, this research examined the self-perceived leadership styles of state occupational therapy association presidents, as measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI), a tool developed by Kouzes and Posner, authors of the Exemplary Leadership Model. It …

A Scoping Review Exploring The Use Of Art-Making-As-Therapy In Adult Mental Health Occupational Therapy Practice, Alan Johnson, Samantha Ashby, Miranda Lawry

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Art-making-as-therapy has been used by occupational therapists in mental health since the inception of the profession. It aims to enable people to gain mastery and produce art. This review synthesizes the research on the use of art-making as therapy by occupational therapists in adult mental health practice.

Method: Arksey and O’Malley’s 5-stage framework was used. A search of four databases was conducted with the inclusion criteria of papers from 1980 – 2020 using the keywords of occupational therapy, mental health or illness, and art. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: Of the 847 …

Promoting Self-Management Of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Through The Remotivation Process, Kaye Rubio, Patricia Bowyer, Sherry Hite, Vidya Pingale, Wyona Freysteinson, Gayle Hersch, Christine Raber Phd, Otr/L

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background. Lymphedema affects a significant number of women with breast cancer. Self-Management Programs (SMP) are important in the long-term management of chronic conditions such as lymphedema. Motivation is crucial in the daily performance of the SMP. The study explored the effect of the Remotivation Process on the motivation of women with breast cancer-related lymphedema to incorporate an SMP into their daily routine.

Methodology. The study was a within-subjects quasi-experimental design that used the Volitional Questionnaire, frequency count of the SMP, and circumferential measurement as outcome measures. Eleven participants (n = 11) with breast cancer-related lymphedema completed the study …

The Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration (Mnri®): A Scoping Review, Lucretia A. Berg, Daniela Brown, Kaylee Kroll, Chandler Pfaff, Lesli Cleveland

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background. The Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration (MNRI^®) method emerged from Russia in the 1990s as an intervention to improve maturation, development, and functional abilities for a variety of clients. MNRI^® has since become an emerging intervention in occupational therapy in the US, particularly with pediatric clients. The evidence supporting use of MNRI^® remains limited.

Method. Using updates by Levac and colleagues (2010) to the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) process for scoping review, databases and the MNRI^®website were searched. Fourteen unique articles were identified and reviewed. Articles were categorized by common characteristics and …

Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis For Occupational Therapy Upper Extremity Assessment And Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review, Stephen W. Hill, Samantha Mong, Quyen Vo

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) human motion analysis provides objective, quantitative, and reliable kinematic data that are valuable in rehabilitation. Clinicians, including occupational therapists and other specialists, can apply this technology to quantify patients’ upper extremity (UE) motion during functional tasks. A better comprehension of altered body mechanics serves to guide clinical reasoning, develop evidence-based interventions, and monitor patients’ progress through follow-up. However, the scientific literature has yet to emphasize the practicality of using 3D motion analysis as a clinical measurement tool.

Method: This scoping review appraised 20 articles that used 3D motion analysis to quantify UE movements for individuals …

The Occupational Impact Of Mass Shootings: A Qualitative Study Of Survivor Accounts, Ashley Ellsworth, Susan Macdermott, Bridget Scheidler

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: As mass shootings continue to persist in the United States, their occupational impact on victims needs further understanding. The purpose of this study was to examine stories shared by survivors of mass shootings to determine whether changes in occupational participation, performance, and fulfillment of meaningful roles and performance patterns occurred following the incident.

Method: Unobtrusive methods were used to collect and analyze publicly accessible audiovisual and written records following a qualitative research design. Themes were developed through thematic analysis.

Results: Victims at varying degrees of association to the event experienced changes in their occupational performance, participation, …

Professional Misfits: “You’Re Having To Perform . . . All Week Long”, Brenda L. Beagan, Kaitlin R. Sibbald, Tara M. Pride, Stephanie R. Bizzeth

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Occupational therapy professes commitment to equity and justice, and research is growing concerning the experiences of clients from marginalized groups. To date, almost no research explores the professional experiences of therapists from marginalized groups. This qualitative study explores how exclusion operates in the profession among colleagues.

Method: Grounded in critical phenomenology, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 occupational therapists who self-identified as racialized, disabled, ethnic minority, minority sexual/gender identity (LGBTQ+), and/or from working-class backgrounds. Iterative analysis was conducted using constant comparison and employing ATLAS.ti for team coding.

Results: Across identity groups, four processes of exclusion …

Client-Centered Practice When Professional And Social Power Are Uncoupled: The Experiences Of Therapists From Marginalized Groups, Brenda L. Beagan, Kaitlin R. Sibbald, Tara M. Pride, Stephanie R. Bizzeth

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Client-centeredness is foundational to occupational therapy, yet virtually no research has examined this aspect of practice as experienced by therapists from marginalized groups. The discourse of client-centeredness implicitly assumes a “dominant-group” therapist. Professional power is assumed to be accompanied by social power and privilege. Here, we explore what happens when professional and social power are uncoupled.

Method: In-depth interviews grounded in critical phenomenology were conducted with Canadian therapists (n = 20) who self-identified as disabled, minority sexual/gender identity (LGBTQ+), racialized, ethnic minority, and/or from working-class backgrounds. Iterative thematic analysis employed constant comparison using ATLAS.ti for team coding. …

Longevity: Celebrating 10 Years Of Ojot Publication With Occupational Therapy Experts, Diane Powers Dirette

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

No abstract provided.

Occupational Therapy Students' Perceptions Of Their Own Notetaking, Marie-Christine Potvin, Monique C. Chabot, Kathleen Carr

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Notetaking is a critical skill for higher-level thinking and information integration in graduate students, including occupational therapy students. Though there is a growing body of literature about notetaking modalities, strategies utilized, and self-perceptions of skills in college students, studies about occupational therapy (OT) students’ notetaking preferences have been absent from the literature. This study examines how OT students take notes and their perceptions of their notes. Method: This descriptive study of students in a Master of Occupational Therapy program (n=57) completed the Notetaking Abilities and Strategies of University Students (NASUS) questionnaire which captures the constructs of notetaking methods, reasons …

Influence Of Years Of Experience On Clinical Competence Of Novice Physical And Occupational Therapists In Japan, Hiroaki Sakurai, Soichiro Koyama, Shigeo Tanabe, Kazuya Takeda, Yoshikiyo Kanada

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: To increase the clinical competence of novice physical and occupational therapists, an accurate assessment of their clinical competence is necessary. However, no previous study has objectively analyzed the changes in novice therapists’ clinical competence in Japan. Hence, this study investigated and evaluated the changes in the clinical competence of such therapists using an objective analysis. Method: The study included 34 novice therapists with 1–3 years of experience in clinical practice. Participants were divided into groups according to their years of experience. The clinical competence of the novice therapists was evaluated twice using a clinical competency evaluation scale. For comparison …

Assessment Of Inter-Instrument Reliability For Dominant Handgrip Dynamometry And Spirometry, Nnamdi Mgbemena, Anne Jones, Anthony Leicht

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the inter-instrument reliability of different dynamometers and spirometers commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: The study involved 113 healthy volunteers across three facility sites. At each site, dominant handgrip strength (DHGS), and lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV₁], forced vital capacity [FVC] and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]), were compared using a local and reference device. Assessments were randomized with five minutes rest between measurements. Significant differences between devices were assessed using paired t-test while relative reliability between devices was determined via intra-class correlations (ICC). Accuracy …

Assessment And Diagnostic Practices Relating To Autism Spectrum Disorder In The United States And Mexico, Maria Valdez, Jessica R. Stewart, Wan-Lin Chang, Ruth Crutchfield, Ralph Carlson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The present study examined and compared professional assessment and diagnostic practices relating to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Mexico and the United States (U.S.). This information is of great importance because there is an extremely limited amount of information pertaining the assessment and diagnostic practices for ASD in Mexico and little is known about how these practices compare to those in the U.S. Methods: Archival data from a survey investigating ASD in the U.S. and Mexico was used for this study. Participants included 29 professionals from the U.S. and 7 professionals from Mexico. Professionals were from a variety of …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Mover Program For Treating Attention Deficit In Children (Mover: Movement Opportunities Through Vestibular Engagement Rhythm), Lindsay B. Williams, Camille Skubik-Peplaski

Student Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in a movement- to music program on the attention span of elementary school-aged children who have attention deficits. The hypothesis was that participants would demonstrate improved attention on the Test of Sustained Selective Attention (TOSSA) (Kovacs, 2015).

Methods: This quantitative study involved nine children who participated in four movement-to-music sessions with a staggered stop over a period of six weeks. The study incorporated a single group pre-test/post-test design, and a non-parametric Sign Test was utilized to analyze data from the TOSSA subcategories of concentration, detection, …

Resilience Development In Children With Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Role Of The Occupational Therapist And The Interdisciplinary Team, Kayla Frederick

Student Journal of Occupational Therapy

Research has revealed adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have a negative effect on a child’s development and put a child at an increased risk of physical and mental health problems in adulthood including obesity, diabetes, depressed mood, and attempted suicide (Anda et al., 2006; Felitti et al., 1998; Gilbert et al., 2015; Putamen, 2006). Some children have been able to counteract the negative effects of ACEs and achieve positive life outcomes using a principle called resilience (Zolkoski & Bullock, 2012). While researchers have begun to identify the key skills and character traits associated with resilience in children, few have explored …

The Anatomy Of Human Occupation, Jennifer K. Fortuna

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Dr. Emily Balog, PhD., OTR/L, ECHM, an occupational therapy professor and artist based in New Jersey, provided the cover art for the Summer 2022 edition of The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT). “The Knitting Brain” is an 11” x 15” painting made from watercolors. The inspiration for this painting came from years of experience working with individuals with head injury, stroke, and mental illness. The piece is from her Anatomy of Human Occupation series. This collection of paintings is a unique and authentic representation of Dr. Balog’s love of the human body and the healing power of occupation. Dr. …

Occupational Therapists’ Perspectives During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily N. Maas, Allison Sullivan, Said Nafai, James Plummer

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. Hospitals, nursing homes, and communities worldwide were flooded with patients diagnosed with COVID-19, resulting in the increased need for medical care and treatment by health care professionals, such as occupational therapists. This study analyzes output from a quantitative online survey design, which was created on SurveyMonkey and included 43 questions. Data from the survey were collected, categorized, and measured through the SurveyMonkey computer system and included information gathered from 204 occupational therapists from October 2020 to February 2020. Based …

Occupational Disruptions Among Health Professional Graduate Students During Covid-19 Pandemic, Supawadee C. Lee, Blerta Blushi, Joy Ann Dimaculangan, Anahid Keshishian, Michelle Segovia

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The COVID-19 pandemic created a global lockdown and restricted people from leaving their homes. The current study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on occupational engagement among health professional graduate students. A web-based survey consisting of quantitative and qualitative responses was sent out to graduate students enrolled in health professional programs at a private university in the Northeast and received 86 responses. The results revealed that social participation and education were the most impacted occupations. The least affected occupations among the graduate students in health professional programs was ADLs. The participants reported the pandemic did not negatively affect …

Peer Mentoring In An Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Program: Student Experiences During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Lauren E. Stone Kelly

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on education. During this time, educators were tasked to develop creative and new ways to engage and teach students. Mentoring has been shown to positively impact academic and psychosocial outcomes and can enhance clinical skills in both in-person and e-learning environments. However, there is need for further research on peer mentoring programs in occupational therapy curriculum.

Method: This retrospective qualitative study investigates the effects of peer mentoring on student perceptions of learning and professional development. Experiences were tracked for three semesters during the pandemic at an accredited entry-level occupational therapy …