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2020

Metastasis

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Articles 1 - 19 of 19

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Survival Benefit From Immunocheckpoint Inhibitors In Stage Iv Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A National Cancer Database Propensity-Matched Analysis., Shinkichi Takamori, Takefumi Komiya Md, Emily Powell Dec 2020

Survival Benefit From Immunocheckpoint Inhibitors In Stage Iv Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A National Cancer Database Propensity-Matched Analysis., Shinkichi Takamori, Takefumi Komiya Md, Emily Powell

PCI Publications and Projects

Immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a standard pharmacological therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because brain metastases (BMs) have historically been listed as exclusion criteria in previous clinical trials involving ICIs in advanced NSCLC, the survival benefit from ICI in NSCLC patients with BMs remains unclear. The National Cancer Database was queried for stage IV NSCLC patients with or without BMs between 2014 and 2015. Overall survival (OS) of stage IV NSCLC patients who received immunotherapy and that of stage IV NSCLC patients who did not receive immunotherapy were compared according to the presence or absence of BMs. Multivariable …

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Tackle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition With Epigenetic Drugs In Cancer, Bo Dong, Zhaoping Qiu, Yadi Wu Nov 2020

Tackle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition With Epigenetic Drugs In Cancer, Bo Dong, Zhaoping Qiu, Yadi Wu

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial properties to acquire mesenchymal features. EMT is essential for embryogenesis and wound healing but is aberrantly activated in pathological conditions like fibrosis and cancer. Tumor-associated EMT contributes to cancer cell initiation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible event is governed by EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) with epigenetic complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the mechanisms that modulate EMT in the context of epigenetic regulation, with emphasis on epigenetic drugs, such as DNA demethylating reagents, inhibitors of histone modifiers and non-coding …

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Veru-111 As An Oral Tubulin Inhibitor Suppressing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer And Evaluation Of Novel Tubulin Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy, Shanshan Deng Nov 2020

Veru-111 As An Oral Tubulin Inhibitor Suppressing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer And Evaluation Of Novel Tubulin Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy, Shanshan Deng

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive clinical features strongly associated with poorer overall prognosis and higher mortality rates relative to other molecular subtypes. FDA-approved drugs, such as paclitaxel, are effective in treating TNBC. Yet, treatment failure is commonly observed due to the development of acquired chemoresistance, which remains a clinical challenge for TNBC therapy.

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Rho Gtpases: Big Players In Breast Cancer Initiation, Metastasis And Therapeutic Responses, Brock Humphries, Zhishan Wang, Chengfeng Yang Sep 2020

Rho Gtpases: Big Players In Breast Cancer Initiation, Metastasis And Therapeutic Responses, Brock Humphries, Zhishan Wang, Chengfeng Yang

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Rho GTPases, a family of the Ras GTPase superfamily, are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. They were originally thought to primarily affect cell migration and invasion; however, recent advances in our understanding of the biology and function of Rho GTPases have demonstrated their diverse roles within the cell, including membrane trafficking, gene transcription, migration, invasion, adhesion, survival and growth. As these processes are critically involved in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic responses, it is not surprising that studies have demonstrated important roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. Although the majority of data indicates an oncogenic role of Rho GTPases, …

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Neutrophil: A New Player In Metastatic Cancers, Mengyue Wu, Mutian Ma, Zhenya Tan, Hong Zheng, Xia Liu Sep 2020

Neutrophil: A New Player In Metastatic Cancers, Mengyue Wu, Mutian Ma, Zhenya Tan, Hong Zheng, Xia Liu

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

The interaction between cancer cells and immune cells is important for the cancer development. However, much attention has been given to T cells and macrophages. Being the most abundant leukocytes in the blood, the functions of neutrophils in cancer have been underdetermined. They have long been considered an “audience” in the development of cancer. However, emerging evidence indicate that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with plasticity, and subpopulation of neutrophils (such as low density neutrophils, polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are actively involved in cancer growth and metastasis. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer development, …

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Lung Cancer And Kidney Injury: An Updated Review, Bhargav Patel, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Maryam Khosravian, Audrey C. Tolouian, Ramin Tolouian, Mahnaz Aboufazeli, Masoumeh Asgharpour, Amirhesam Alirezaei Aug 2020

Lung Cancer And Kidney Injury: An Updated Review, Bhargav Patel, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Maryam Khosravian, Audrey C. Tolouian, Ramin Tolouian, Mahnaz Aboufazeli, Masoumeh Asgharpour, Amirhesam Alirezaei

Nursing Faculty Publications

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, accounting for an estimated 1.8 million deaths. Lung cancer is also the most common primary cancer leading to soft tissue (ST) metastasis. Renal disease may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself (e.g., postrenal obstruction, compression, or infiltration), its treatment (e.g., radiotherapy or chemotherapy), or its related complications (e.g., opportunistic infection). Existing evidence shows that the most frequent primary solid tumor responsible for renal metastasis is pulmonary carcinoma, followed by gastric, breast, soft tissue, and thyroid carcinomas. Chronic kidney disease is a potential risk factor in …

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A Screen For Peptides Targeting Chemoresistant Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Shraddha Subramanian Aug 2020

A Screen For Peptides Targeting Chemoresistant Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Shraddha Subramanian

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Cancer metastasis is the principal cause of most cancer-associated morbidities. While radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and novel therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, have shown promise in inhibiting tumor growth, chemotherapy remains the mainstay in the clinical management of metastatic progression. This is often the case in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype where tumorigenesis is independent of HER-2, progesterone, or estrogen receptor expression. Despite improving TNBC prognosis, recent studies report that after chemotherapy administration, TNBC drug-tolerant tumor cell survival, relapse, and metastatic dissemination may be promoted. Overcoming drug resistance exhibited by metastatic tumor cells is a challenge owing to …

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Breast Cancer Sub-Clones That Metastasize To Lung And Bone Exhibit Different Metabolic Preferences, Mollie Merrell May 2020

Breast Cancer Sub-Clones That Metastasize To Lung And Bone Exhibit Different Metabolic Preferences, Mollie Merrell

Honors Theses

Metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths. In breast cancer the lungs and bones are the major sites for metastasis. Previous studies used the metastatic aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer line to isolate sub-clones that preferentially invade the lungs (LM line) or bones (BoM line). While genes associated with the tissue specific metastasis have been identified, it is unknown if metabolic adaptations contribute to the growth of the LM and BoM lines in their respective organs. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the LM and BoM lines exhibit differences in glucose and glutamine …

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Itga2 Promotes Expression Of Acly And Ccnd1 In Enhancing Breast Cancer Stemness And Metastasis, Valery Adorno-Cruz, Andrew D. Hoffmann, Xia Liu, Nurmaa K. Dashzeveg, Rokana Taftaf, Brian Wray, Ruth A. Keri, Huiping Liu Feb 2020

Itga2 Promotes Expression Of Acly And Ccnd1 In Enhancing Breast Cancer Stemness And Metastasis, Valery Adorno-Cruz, Andrew D. Hoffmann, Xia Liu, Nurmaa K. Dashzeveg, Rokana Taftaf, Brian Wray, Ruth A. Keri, Huiping Liu

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Cancer metastasis is largely incurable and accounts for 90% of breast cancer deaths, especially for the aggressive basal-like or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Combining patient database analyses and functional studies, we examined the association of integrin family members with clinical outcomes as well as their connection with previously identified microRNA regulators of metastasis, such as miR-206 that inhibits stemness and metastasis of TNBC. Here we report that the integrin receptor CD49b-encoding ITGA2, a direct target of miR-206, promotes breast cancer stemness and metastasis. ITGA2 knockdown suppressed self-renewal related mammosphere formation and pluripotency marker expression, inhibited cell cycling, compromised …

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Author Correction: Cancer Testis Antigen Promotes Triple Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis And Is Traceable In The Circulating Extracellular Vesicles (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (11632), 10.1038/S41598-019-48064-W), Anbarasu Kannan, Julie V. Philley, Kate L. Hertweck, Harrison Ndetan, Karan P. Singh, Subramaniam Sivakumar, Robert B. Wells, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Santanu Dasgupta Jan 2020

Author Correction: Cancer Testis Antigen Promotes Triple Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis And Is Traceable In The Circulating Extracellular Vesicles (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (11632), 10.1038/S41598-019-48064-W), Anbarasu Kannan, Julie V. Philley, Kate L. Hertweck, Harrison Ndetan, Karan P. Singh, Subramaniam Sivakumar, Robert B. Wells, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Santanu Dasgupta

School of Medicine Faculty Publications and Presentations

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor survival, exhibits rapid metastases, lacks targeted therapies and reliable prognostic markers. Here, we examined metastasis promoting role of cancer testis antigen SPANXB1 in TNBC and its utility as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker. Expression pattern of SPANXB1 was determined using matched primary cancer, lymph node metastatic tissues and circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). cDNA microarray analysis of TNBC cells stably integrated with a metastasis suppressor SH3GL2 identified SPANXB1 as a potential target gene. TNBC cells overexpressing SH3GL2 exhibited decreased levels of both SPANXB1 mRNA and protein. Silencing of SPANXB1 reduced migration, invasion …

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Efficacy And Safety Of Everolimus-Exemestane Combination In Breast Cancer Patients, Siba Jneid, S. Hlais, George Chahine, Doua Issa, Thouraya Domyati Jan 2020

Efficacy And Safety Of Everolimus-Exemestane Combination In Breast Cancer Patients, Siba Jneid, S. Hlais, George Chahine, Doua Issa, Thouraya Domyati

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. In Lebanon, hormone positive patients resistant to endocrine treatments account for most of the cases. These two facts directed the attention to evaluate everolimus-exemestane use in hormonal receptor positive metastatic breast cancer patients, in Lebanon. A multi-center, observational, retrospective cohort study was carried out by screening 69 metastatic breast cancer patient’s files in order to determine the progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and side effects of everolimus. This study revealed that across different therapy lines, the median PFS for patients on everolimus-exemestane combination was 5.87 …

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Utility Of Ultrasound And Mammography In Detection Of Negative Axillary Nodal Metastasis In Breast Cancer, Anam Khan, Imrana Masroor, Kumail Khandwala, Summar Un-Nisa Abbasi, Muhammad Usman Tariq Jan 2020

Utility Of Ultrasound And Mammography In Detection Of Negative Axillary Nodal Metastasis In Breast Cancer, Anam Khan, Imrana Masroor, Kumail Khandwala, Summar Un-Nisa Abbasi, Muhammad Usman Tariq

Department of Radiology

Objective: The status of axillary lymph nodes is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. A precise noninvasive evaluation of axillary lymph node status preoperatively, although challenging, is vital for optimization of the treatment plan for patients. The objective of our study was to assess the utility of ultrasound and mammography in detecting the absence of axillary lymph nodal metastasis in patients of breast cancer, taking histopathology as gold standard.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. All female patients between 20 and 95 years of …

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Rankl/Rank Promotes The Migration Of Gastric Cancer Cells By Interacting With Egfr, Xing Wan, Yongxi Song, Honghong Fang, Ling Xu, Xiaofang Che, Shuo Wang, Xiaomeng Zhang, Lingyun Zhang, Ce Li, Yibo Fan, Kezuo Hou, Zhi Li, Xueqing Wang, Yunpeng Liu, Xiujuan Qu Jan 2020

Rankl/Rank Promotes The Migration Of Gastric Cancer Cells By Interacting With Egfr, Xing Wan, Yongxi Song, Honghong Fang, Ling Xu, Xiaofang Che, Shuo Wang, Xiaomeng Zhang, Lingyun Zhang, Ce Li, Yibo Fan, Kezuo Hou, Zhi Li, Xueqing Wang, Yunpeng Liu, Xiujuan Qu

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer (GC) rank in top five among all malignant tumors. Chemokines and their receptor-signaling pathways reportedly play key roles in the metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, with strong chemokine-like effects. Some studies have pointed out that the RANKL/RANK pathway is vital for the metastasis of cancer cells, but the specific mechanisms in GC remain poorly understood. RESULTS: This study reports original findings in cell culture models and in patients with GC. Flow cytometry and western …

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Neutrophils Are Mediators Of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Progression In Bone, Diane L. Costanzo-Garvey, Tyler Keeley, Adam J. Case, Gabrielle F. Watson, Massar Alsamraae, Yangsheng Yu, Kaihong Su, Cortney E. Heim, Tammy Kielian, Colm Morrissey, Jeremy S Frieling, Leah M. Cook Jan 2020

Neutrophils Are Mediators Of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Progression In Bone, Diane L. Costanzo-Garvey, Tyler Keeley, Adam J. Case, Gabrielle F. Watson, Massar Alsamraae, Yangsheng Yu, Kaihong Su, Cortney E. Heim, Tammy Kielian, Colm Morrissey, Jeremy S Frieling, Leah M. Cook

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Bone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa) significantly reduces overall patient survival and is currently incurable. Current standard immunotherapy showed promising results for PCa patients with metastatic, but less advanced, disease (i.e., fewer than 20 bone lesions) suggesting that PCa growth in bone contributes to response to immunotherapy. We found that: (1) PCa stimulates recruitment of neutrophils, the most abundant immune cell in bone, and (2) that neutrophils heavily infiltrate regions of prostate tumor in bone of BM-PCa patients. Based on these findings, we examined the impact of direct neutrophil-prostate cancer interactions on prostate cancer growth. Bone marrow neutrophils directly induced apoptosis …

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From Bedside To Bench: Use Of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models To Develop Novel Therapeutic Strategies For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Tia H. Turner Jan 2020

From Bedside To Bench: Use Of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models To Develop Novel Therapeutic Strategies For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Tia H. Turner

Theses and Dissertations

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive disease that is associated with bleak outcomes due to its metastatic propensity, frequent failure to respond to chemotherapy, and lack of alternative treatment options. Despite decades of major translational research efforts, there has been very little success thus far in the development of effective targeted therapies for this disease. It is imperative to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes, as well as minimize the toxicity associated with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. Given that metastatic disease accounts for the vast majority of TNBC-related deaths, a better understanding of therapeutic responses within common sites …

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Elucidating The Role Of Hedgehog Signaling In Tumor Cell Response To Dna Damage And Microenvironmental Stress, Tshering Dolma Lama-Sherpa Jan 2020

Elucidating The Role Of Hedgehog Signaling In Tumor Cell Response To Dna Damage And Microenvironmental Stress, Tshering Dolma Lama-Sherpa

All ETDs from UAB

Hypoxia within solid tumors presents as a barrier to the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Hypoxia has been implicated in cancer cell resistance to standard therapies used in the clinic to treat breast cancer. Additionally, the treatment resistance mechanisms in cancer cells are exacerbated by oncogenic pathways that enable adaptation to the hypoxia and facilitate therapy resistance. Cancer cells often co-opt signaling pathways essential for embryonic development as a defense against cellular attacks. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is one of such embryonic development pathways that have been implicated in mitigating cancer growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Hh signaling pathway promotes …

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Challenges Of Diagnosis And Management Of Postpartum Choriocarcinoma In Resource Limited Settings: A Case Report From A Tertiary Hospital Of Western Kenya, Amubuomombe Philippe, Benjamin Elly, Andrew Cheruiyot, Sahara Shurie, Elkanah Omenge Jan 2020

Challenges Of Diagnosis And Management Of Postpartum Choriocarcinoma In Resource Limited Settings: A Case Report From A Tertiary Hospital Of Western Kenya, Amubuomombe Philippe, Benjamin Elly, Andrew Cheruiyot, Sahara Shurie, Elkanah Omenge

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Choriocarcinoma is a rare occurrence in pregnancy. It is a highly curable malignant tumour that arises from trophoblastic cells within the uterus. However, the timely diagnosis of choriocarcinoma following birth is challenging, especially in low resource settings because most clinicians are not aware about the existence of the disease following uneventful pregnancy and birth. This report discusses the case of a 28 years old patient, para 2, diagnosed with choriocarcinoma two months after uneventful vaginal delivery at term. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, followed by chemotherapy treatment; and succumbed to her disease. It highlights difficulties encountered on diagnosis and …

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Malignant Insulinoma With Multiple Liver Metastases And Hypercalcitoninemia In A Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting As Recurrent Episodes Of Diaphoresis Due To Severe Hypoglycemia, Marco Ciacciarelli, Gianluca Caruso, Marco Rengo, Piero Maceroni, Carmen Misurale, Eleonora D'Armiento, Cristina Napoli, Alberto Lombardini, Umberto Ceratti, Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Leonardo Calvosa, Romina Milanese, Sonia Ferri, Teresa Massaro, Andrea Larusso, Veronica Sorrentino, Vincenzo Petrozza Jan 2020

Malignant Insulinoma With Multiple Liver Metastases And Hypercalcitoninemia In A Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting As Recurrent Episodes Of Diaphoresis Due To Severe Hypoglycemia, Marco Ciacciarelli, Gianluca Caruso, Marco Rengo, Piero Maceroni, Carmen Misurale, Eleonora D'Armiento, Cristina Napoli, Alberto Lombardini, Umberto Ceratti, Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Leonardo Calvosa, Romina Milanese, Sonia Ferri, Teresa Massaro, Andrea Larusso, Veronica Sorrentino, Vincenzo Petrozza

Bioelectrics Publications

Insulinoma is an insulin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that can be malignant in about 10% of cases. Locoregional invasion, lymph node metastases, or remote metastases are the main criteria of malignant insulinoma. Its incidence in patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) is exceptionally rare. In this report, we describe a 66-year-old man with long-standing type 2 DM who presented with recurrent episodes of diaphoresis due to severe hypoglycemia despite the withdrawal of insulin therapy, hypercalcitoninemia, and biochemical and radiological findings suggestive of metastatic malignant insulinoma. Unfortunately, after few days of diazoxide treatment, edema, hypotension, oliguria, and water retention were observed, patient’s …

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Investigating The Role Of Oncogene C-Terminal Binding Protein (Ctbp) In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Kranthi Kumar Chougoni Jan 2020

Investigating The Role Of Oncogene C-Terminal Binding Protein (Ctbp) In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Kranthi Kumar Chougoni

Theses and Dissertations

The transcriptional coregulator CtBP2 has been implicated as an oncogene in colon, prostate, breast and ovarian cancers. Previously, we reported overexpression of CtBP2 in human PDAC specimens. However, its exact role in PDAC is still unclear. In the current study, we attempt to delineate the oncogenic role CtBP2 in PDAC growth and metastasis. Using an orthotopic syngeneic pancreatic tumor mouse model (CKP), we found that deletion of Ctbp2 decreases PDAC tumor growth, proliferation, metastasis, EMT and significantly prolongs survival. Further, we identified significant downregulation of Erbb3 mRNA levels upon deletion of Ctbp2 in CKP PDAC cells As ErbB3 signaling was …

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