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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Beyond The Eye: The Neural Signature Of Cerebral Visual Processing In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Jacy R. Hannan
Beyond The Eye: The Neural Signature Of Cerebral Visual Processing In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Jacy R. Hannan
Theses & Dissertations
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive neuromuscular disorder diagnosed early in childhood. Frequently the lesion that causes the motor impairments in individuals with CP concurrently disrupts the visual networks, placing them at a high risk of cerebral visual dysfunctions. Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) often remains unrecognized or misdiagnosed in people with CP. Despite the crucial role of visual function in the development of movement and cognition, the neurophysiological basis of the cerebral visual dysfunctions is almost entirely unknown. This investigation aimed to examine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebral visual dysfunction in children with CP. Specifically, this research used magnetoencephalographic …
Multiquantal Glutamate Release From Rod Photoreceptors, Cassandra L. Hays
Multiquantal Glutamate Release From Rod Photoreceptors, Cassandra L. Hays
Theses & Dissertations
Neurons communicate via Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitters packaged into vesicles (quanta). Some CNS neurons, especially sensory synapses, can release multiple vesicles at a time, increasing information transmission and overcoming the unreliability of a stochastic process. Ribbon-bearing neurons, including retinal photoreceptors, face the challenge of encoding sensory receptor potentials into an ever-changing train of vesicle release events. We studied release of glutamate using voltage clamp to measure anion currents activated during glutamate reuptake into presynaptic terminals (IA(glu)) of salamander and mouse rods, finding that each employ distinct mechanisms for multiquantal release. In amphibian rods, we found that …
Exosomes Secreted Under Hypoxia Enhance Stemness In Ewing’S Sarcoma And Transform Microenvironment Cells, Matthew J. Kling
Exosomes Secreted Under Hypoxia Enhance Stemness In Ewing’S Sarcoma And Transform Microenvironment Cells, Matthew J. Kling
Theses & Dissertations
Intercellular communication between tumor cells and stroma within the hypoxic microenvironment promote aggressiveness and poor patient prognoses in ways that remain unclear. Here we show that hypoxic Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS) cells release exosomes that promote sphere formation, a stem-like phenotype, in EWS cells by enhancing survival and a cancer-associated phenotype in fibroblasts (CAFs). Given that hypoxia enriches for stem-like cells, we exposed EWS cells to hypoxia and hypoxic EWS-derived exosomes and assessed the stem cell phenotype. Hypoxia and hypoxic EWS-derived exosomewere found to enhance TIC formation in vitro and in vivo by reprogramming EWS cells. Analysis of the hypoxic exosomal …
Urinary Bile Acid Indices As Diagnostic And Prognosic Biomarkers For Liver Diseases, Jawaher Alamoudi
Urinary Bile Acid Indices As Diagnostic And Prognosic Biomarkers For Liver Diseases, Jawaher Alamoudi
Theses & Dissertations
Hepatobiliary diseases result in the accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood, and other tissues which may contribute to an unfavorable prognosis. We compared the urinary BA profile between 300 patients with hepatobiliary diseases vs. 103 healthy controls. Also, we investigated the use of the urinary BA profile to develop survival models to predict the prognosis of hepatobiliary diseases. The urinary BA profile, a set of non-BA parameters, and the adverse events of liver transplant and/or death were monitored in patients with cholestatic liver diseases for up to 7 years. The BA profile was characterized by calculating …
Molecular Mechanisms Of Manganese Porphyrin Compounds In The Prevention Of Radiation-Induced Fibrosis, Shashank Shrishrimal
Molecular Mechanisms Of Manganese Porphyrin Compounds In The Prevention Of Radiation-Induced Fibrosis, Shashank Shrishrimal
Theses & Dissertations
Radiation therapy is frequently used as a treatment strategy for prostate cancer patients, which leads to several side effects due to damage to health tissue around the tumor and the development of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP or T2E or BMX-010) and other similar manganese porphyrin compounds that scavenge superoxide molecules have been demonstrated to be effective radioprotectors and prevent the development of RIF. However, understanding of the radioprotective molecular pathway associated with these compounds remains limited. Recent RNA-sequencing data from our laboratory revealed that MnTE-2-PyP treatment may activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 …
Integrating Geriatric Assessment And Genetic Profiling To Personalize Therapy Selection In Older Adults With Acute Myeloid, Vijaya R. Bhatt
Integrating Geriatric Assessment And Genetic Profiling To Personalize Therapy Selection In Older Adults With Acute Myeloid, Vijaya R. Bhatt
Theses & Dissertations
Integrating geriatric assessment for patient profiling and genetic profiling of leukemic cells represents an innovative approach to personalize therapy selection in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report results of a pre-planned interim analysis of a pragmatic phase II trial that utilized this strategy to personalize therapy. Patients ≥60 years with a new diagnosis of AML underwent geriatric assessment prior to initiation of treatment. Geriatric assessment of physical function, cognitive function and comorbidity burden were used to determine fitness for chemotherapy. Patients with good or intermediate-risk AML received intensive chemotherapy such as anthracycline and cytarabine (7+3) if determined …
The Role Of Central Ace2 And Nrf2 In Sympatho-Excitation: Responses To Central Angiotensin Ii, Anyun Ma
The Role Of Central Ace2 And Nrf2 In Sympatho-Excitation: Responses To Central Angiotensin Ii, Anyun Ma
Theses & Dissertations
Sympatho-excitation is a key characteristic in cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and primary Hypertension (HTN). Evidence suggests that increased sympathetic tone is closely related to activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) in the central nervous system. An underlying mechanism for sympatho-excitation is thought to be oxidative stress resulting from Angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) activation. Over the past several decades, pharmacological targeting of components of the RAAS have been used as standard therapy in CHF and HTN. However, additional therapeutic strategies are necessary to control these diseases. Oxidative stress is regulated, in part, by the …