Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cardioprotective Roles Of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Treatment In Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, Sumit Kar

Theses & Dissertations

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of heart failure 2-4-fold. Intensive glycemic control does not abate this risk in DM patients, suggesting that DM-induced heart failure is beyond hyperglycemia. DM silently induces cardiac muscle disorder termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM), which progresses to heart failure. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of DMCM to develop new solutions to diagnose and treat heart failure in DM.

The heart pumps blood due to the contraction and relaxation of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes with limited regenerative capacity. The DM environment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation causes cardiomyocyte death and leads …

The Role Of Central Ace2 And Nrf2 In Sympatho-Excitation: Responses To Central Angiotensin Ii, Anyun Ma

Theses & Dissertations

Sympatho-excitation is a key characteristic in cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and primary Hypertension (HTN). Evidence suggests that increased sympathetic tone is closely related to activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) in the central nervous system. An underlying mechanism for sympatho-excitation is thought to be oxidative stress resulting from Angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) activation. Over the past several decades, pharmacological targeting of components of the RAAS have been used as standard therapy in CHF and HTN. However, additional therapeutic strategies are necessary to control these diseases. Oxidative stress is regulated, in part, by the …

The Evolving Management Of Aortic Valve Disease: Trends In The Utilization And Cost Of Savr, Tavr, And Medical Therapy, Andrew Goldsweig

Theses & Dissertations

Aortic stenosis (AS) and regurgitation (AR) may be treated with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), transcatheter AVR (TAVR), or medical therapy (MT). Data are lacking regarding usage and cost of SAVR, TAVR, and MT for patients hospitalized with aortic valve disease. From the Nationwide Readmissions Database, we determined utilization and cost trends for SAVR, TAVR, and MT in patients with aortic valve disease admitted 2012-2016 for valve replacement, heart failure, unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, or syncope. From 2012 through 2016, there was a 48.1% increase in the number of patients hospitalized for aortic valve disease annually. Overall, 19.9%, 6.7%, …