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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
An Analysis Of The Use Of Animal Models In Predicting Human Toxicology And Drug Safety, Jarrod Bailey, Michelle Thew, Michael Balls
An Analysis Of The Use Of Animal Models In Predicting Human Toxicology And Drug Safety, Jarrod Bailey, Michelle Thew, Michael Balls
Jarrod Bailey, PhD
Animal use continues to be central to preclinical drug development, in spite of a lack of its demonstrable validity. The current nadir of new drug approvals and the drying-up of pipelines may be a direct consequence of this. To estimate the evidential weight given by animal data to the probability that a new drug may be toxic to humans, we have calculated Likelihood Ratios (LRs) for an extensive data set of 2,366 drugs, for which both animal and human data are available, including tissue-level effects and MedDRA Level 1–4 biomedical observations. This was done for three preclinical species (rat, mouse …
Wild Justice Redux: What We Know About Social Justice In Animals And Why It Matters, Jessica Pierce, Marc Bekoff
Wild Justice Redux: What We Know About Social Justice In Animals And Why It Matters, Jessica Pierce, Marc Bekoff
Marc Bekoff, PhD
Social justice in animals is beginning to attract interest in a broad range of academic disciplines. Justice is an important area of study because it may help explain social dynamics among individuals living in tightly- knit groups, as well as social interactions among individuals who only occasionally meet. In this paper, we provide an overview of what is currently known about social justice in animals and offer an agenda for further research. We provide working definitions of key terms, outline some central research questions, and explore some of the challenges of studying social justice in animals, as well as the …
Effect Of Dietary Starch Source And Concentration On Equine Fecal Microbiota, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Susan H. Hayes, Andrea Crum, Michael D. Flythe
Effect Of Dietary Starch Source And Concentration On Equine Fecal Microbiota, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Susan H. Hayes, Andrea Crum, Michael D. Flythe
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Starch from corn is less susceptible to equine small intestinal digestion than starch from oats, and starch that reaches the hindgut can be utilized by the microbiota. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of starch source on equine fecal microbiota. Thirty horses were assigned to treatments: control (hay only), HC (high corn), HO (high oats), LC (low corn), LO (low oats), and LW (low pelleted wheat middlings). Horses received an all-forage diet (2 wk; d -14 to d -1) before the treatment diets (2 wk; d 1 to 14). Starch was introduced gradually so that …
High Level Fluoroquinolone Resistance In Escherichia Coli Isolatedfrom Animals In Turkey Is Due To Multiple Mechanisms, Pinar Şahi̇ntürk, Erdem Arslan, Esra Büyükcangaz, Songül Sonal, Ayşi̇n Şen, Fi̇gen Ersoy, Mark A. Webber, Laura Jv. Piddock, Murat Cengi̇z
High Level Fluoroquinolone Resistance In Escherichia Coli Isolatedfrom Animals In Turkey Is Due To Multiple Mechanisms, Pinar Şahi̇ntürk, Erdem Arslan, Esra Büyükcangaz, Songül Sonal, Ayşi̇n Şen, Fi̇gen Ersoy, Mark A. Webber, Laura Jv. Piddock, Murat Cengi̇z
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in E. Coli isolated from cattle, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs in Turkey. Twenty nonreplicate E. Coli isolates (chosen on the basis of RAPD pattern) from food-producing animals were selected for the study. To identify phenotypic differences between isolates, the sum of the MIC values of 14 antimicrobials was calculated; values ranged from 565 to 2520 μg/mL, indicating the diversity in antimicrobial resistance present in the panel of isolates. PCR and qRT-PCR were used to characterize the presence and expression levels of known molecular mechanisms of …