Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pvt1 Exon 9: A Potential Biomarker Of Aggressive Prostate Cancer?, Adeodat Ilboudo, Jyoti Chouhan, Brian K. Mcneil, Joseph R. Osborne, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi

Publications and Research

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the greatest source of cancer-related mortality in males of African ancestry (MoAA). Interestingly, this has been shown to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms around regions 2 and 3 of the 8q24 human chromosomal region. The non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) is located at 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa and, therefore, is also a candidate biomarker to explain the well-known disparity in this group. PVT1 has at least 12 exons that make separate transcripts which may have different functions, all of which are …

Does A Positive Margin Always Mandate Adjuvant Radiotherapy?, Peter C. Albertsen

UCHC Articles - Research

The appropriate treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer continues to generate controversy. For men with low grade disease it is unclear whether surgery or radiati on therapy provides a survival advantage over active surveillance, and among men with high grade disease it is unclear how many derive a substantial benefit from either intervention. No trial has yet to compare surgery and radiation with observation, but the recent update of the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group 4 study suggests that radical prostatectomy provides a significant survival advantage for younger men with intermediate grade diseas

Development Of Hypoxia Trapping Enhanced Bb2r-Targeted Radiopharmaceutics For Prostate Cancer, Zhengyuan Zhou

Theses & Dissertations

The Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (BB2r) has been investigated as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for prostate and other cancers due to the high expression level on neoplastic relative to normal tissues. A variety of BB2r-targeted agents have been developed utilizing the bombesin(BBN) peptide, which has shown nanomolar binding affinity to human BB2r. However, as with most of the low-molecular weight, receptor-targeted drugs, a major challenge to clinical translation of BB2r-targeted agents is the low retention at the tumor site due to intrinsically high diffusion and efflux rates. Our laboratory seeks to address this deficiency by developing synthetic approaches to selectively …

In Vitro Evaluation Of Biofield Treatment On Cancer Biomarkers Involved In Endometrial And Prostate Cancer Cell Lines, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Measuring Individual Burden Of Illness For Depression Among Prostate Cancer Patients, Christopher Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, David Christie

Vicki Bitsika

Objective: This study aims to develop and test three potential models of Individual Burden of Illness for Depression (IBI-D) in prostate cancer patients. Methods: Responses to three sets of scales measuring depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and quality of life satisfaction were collected from 191 prostate cancer patients and analysed via principal components analysis to obtain weightings for each of the scales within the three sets of measures. These weightings were then used to form IBI-D Indices, and these were then compared with depressive symptoms alone for their overlap. Results: Single-factor solutions were found for each of the three IBI-D models, …

The Hot Flush Beliefs And Behaviour Scale For Men (Hfbbs-Men) Undergoing Treatment For Prostate Cancer, Myra Hunter, Christopher Sharpley, Evgenia Stefanopoulou, Omar Yousaf, Vicki Bitsika, David Christie

Vicki Bitsika

Objective: Hot flushes and night sweats (HFNS) are commonly experienced by men receiving treatment for prostate cancer. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective treatment for HFNS in women, but cognitions and behavioural reactions to HFNS in men are under-researched. This study describes the development of the HFNS beliefs and behaviour scale for men.

Methods: HFNS beliefs and behaviour items were generated from a qualitative study, from pilot interviews with men with prostate cancer and HFNS, and from scales used for women. 118 men with prostate cancer, aged above 18, English-speaking, who had minimum of seven …

Variability In Depressive Symptoms Of Cognitive Deficit And Cognitive Bias During The First 2 Years After Diagnosis In Australian Men With Prostate Cancer, Christopher Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, David Christie

Vicki Bitsika

The incidence and contribution to total depression of the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit and cognitive bias in prostate cancer (PCa) patients were compared from cohorts sampled during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Survey data were collected from 394 patients with PCa, including background information, treatments, and disease status, plus total scores of depression and scores for subscales of the depressive symptoms of cognitive bias and cognitive deficit via the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The sample was divided into eight 3-monthly time-since-diagnosis cohorts and according to depression severity. Mean scores for the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit were significantly …

Differences In Major Depressive Disorder And Generalised Anxiety Disorder Symptomatology Between Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Therapy And Those Who Are Not, Christopher Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, Addie Wootten, David Christie

Vicki Bitsika

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the associations between hormone treatment variables and depression, and the nature of depression in prostate cancer (PCa) patients by comparing the severity and symptom profile of anxiety and depression in men who were currently receiving hormone therapy (HT) versus those who were not. Method: Self-reports of anxiety and depression on standardized scales of GAD and major depressive disorder (MDD) were collected from 156 PCa patients across two recruitment sites in Australia. Patients who were currently receiving HT were compared with patients not receiving HT for their severity and symptom profiles on …

Sex Hormone-Dependent Trna Halves Enhance Cell Proliferation In Breast And Prostate Cancers., Shozo Honda, Phillipe Loher, Megumi Shigematsu, Juan P. Palazzo, Ryusuke Suzuki, Issei Imoto, Isidore Rigoutsos, Yohei Kirino, Phd

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

Sex hormones and their receptors play critical roles in the development and progression of the breast and prostate cancers. Here we report that a novel type of transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNA, termed Sex HOrmone-dependent TRNA-derived RNAs (SHOT-RNAs), are specifically and abundantly expressed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cell lines. SHOT-RNAs are not abundantly present in ER(-) breast cancer, AR(-) prostate cancer, or other examined cancer cell lines from other tissues. ER-dependent accumulation of SHOT-RNAs is not limited to a cell culture system, but it also occurs in luminal-type breast cancer patient tissues. …

Cellular Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (Cpacp) Serves As A Useful Biomarker Of Histone Deacetylase (Hdac) Inhibitors In Prostate Cancer Cell Growth Suppression., Yu-Wei Chou, Fen-Fen Lin, Sakthivel Muniyan, Frank C. Lin, Ching-Shih Chen, Jue Wang, Chao-Cheng Huang, Ming-Fong Lin

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cancer death in the United States, and also one of the major cancer-related deaths in Chinese. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first line treatment for metastatic PCa. PCa ultimately relapses with subsequent ADT treatment failure and becomes castrate-resistant (CR). It is important to develop effective therapies with a surrogate marker towards CR PCa.

METHOD: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were examined to determine their effects in androgen receptor (AR)/cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP)-positive PCa cells, including LNCaP C-33, C-81, C4-2 and C4-2B and MDA PCa2b …

Evidence-Based Practice In The New Millenium, Nicholus H. Yee

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A reflection on learning and education in practice.

Salvage Brachytherapy In Combination With Interstitial Hyperthermia For Locally Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma Following External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Phase Ii Study., Andrzej M Kukiełka, Vratislav Strnad, Paul R. Stauffer, Tomasz Dąbrowski, Marcin Hetnał, Damian Nahajowski, Tomasz Walasek, Piotr Brandys, Robert Matys

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Optimal treatment for patients with only local prostate cancer recurrence after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) failure remains unclear. Possible curative treatments are radical prostatectomy, cryosurgery, and brachytherapy. Several single institution series proved that high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) and pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy (PDRBT) are reasonable options for this group of patients with acceptable levels of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. A standard dose prescription and scheme have not been established yet, and the literature presents a wide range of fractionation protocols. Furthermore, hyperthermia has shown the potential to enhance the efficacy of re-irradiation. Consequently, a prospective trial is urgently needed to attain clear …

Identification Of Novel Genes That Regulate Androgen Receptor Signaling And Growth Of Androgen-Deprived Prostate Cancer Cells, Elina Levina, Hao Ji, Mengqiang Chen, Mirza Baig, David Oliver, Patrice Ohouo, Chang-Uk Lim, Garry Schools, Steven Carmack, Ye Ding, Eugenia Broude, Igor Roninson, Ralph Buttyan, Michael Shtutman

Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer progression to castration refractory disease is associated with anomalous transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR) in an androgen-depleted milieu. To identify novel gene products whose downregulation transactivates AR in prostate cancer cells, we performed a screen of enzymatically-generated shRNA lenti-libraries selecting for transduced LNCaP cells with elevated expression of a fluorescent reporter gene under the control of an AR-responsive promoter. The shRNAs present in selected populations were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing to identify target genes. Highly enriched gene targets were then validated with siRNAs against selected genes, testing first for increased expression of luciferase from an AR-responsive …

Exploring Egr-1 As A Master Regulator Of Prostate Field Cancerization, Kristin Gabriel, Marco Bisoffi

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Field cancerization denotes the presence of molecular aberrations (genetic, epigenetic, biochemical) in structurally intact cells residing in histologically normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Markers of field cancerization in prostate tissues have the potential to improve the clinical management of this malignancy through their potential to act as indicators of early disease and to serve as molecular targets for early intervention. However, for this, a detailed understanding of the functional pathways underlying field cancerization is necessary. We have recently identified four protein markers of prostate field cancerization, i.e. the key transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR-1), the lipogenic enzyme fatty …

Effect Of Curcumin Analog Ca27 On Androgen Receptor Translocation In Prostate Cancer Cells, Lijah Vann Gardner

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in promoting the development and progression of metastatic prostate cancer and represents an important molecular target for therapeutic intervention. We have recently described a series of synthetic analogs of the natural product diferuloylmethane (curcumin), some of which induce the down-regulation of AR expression in prostate cancer cells by an as yet largely unknown mechanism of action. While such analogs may in the long term be lead structures for the development of therapeutic drugs, we hypothesize here that they represent ideal molecular probes to identify the mechanism(s) of action for AR down-regulation. We …

Anti-Neoplastic Effects Of Extracts From Gnaphalium Gracile On Colon, Pancreatic, And Prostate Cancer Cells, Joshua R. Canter

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Over 4,000 flavonoids have been identified, and among these, many of them are known to possess cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor effects. However, most of these properties have yet to be fully understood. In this study, extracts from Gnaphalium gracile, thought to possess a mixture of flavonoids, have been tested for cytotoxic activity on pancreatic (MiaPaca, Panc28), colon (HCT-116, Caco-2), and prostate (PC3, LNCaP), cancer cell lines. Polar extracts from the leaves of G. gracile have the most cytotoxic effect on these cancer cell lines, particularly the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and LNCaP. Evidence suggests the extracts have …

Trends In Initial Management Of Prostate Cancer In New Hampshire, Johann Ingimarsson, Maria Celaya, Michael Laviolette, Judy R. Rees, Elias Hyams

Dartmouth Scholarship

Purpose Prostate cancer management strategies are evolving with increased understanding of the disease. Specifically, there is emerging evidence that ‘‘low-risk’’ cancer is best treated with observation, while localized ‘‘high-risk’’ cancer requires aggressive curative therapy. In this study, we evaluated trends in management of prostate cancer in New Hampshire to determine adherence to evidence- based practice. Methods From the New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, cases of clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed in 2004–2011 were identified and classified according to D’Amico criteria. Initial treatment modality was recorded as surgery, radiation therapy, expectant management, or hormone therapy. Temporal trends were assessed by Chi-square …

Inhibition Of Hedgehog Signaling Improves The Anti-Carcinogenic Effects Of Docetaxel In Prostate Cancer., Murielle Mimeault, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Sakthivel Muniyan, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Sonny L. Johansson, Kkaustubh Datta, Ming-Fong Lin, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The establishment of docetaxel-based chemotherapeutic treatments has improved the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, most patients develop resistance supporting the development of therapy. The current study was undertaken to establish the therapeutic benefit to target hedgehog signaling cascade using GDC-0449 to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel. Here, we show that the combination of GDC-0449 plus docetaxel inhibited the proliferation of WPE1-NB26 cells and PC3 cells via a blockade of G1 and G2M phases. The combined treatment significantly inhibited PC cell migration in vitro. Moreover, the apoptotic effect induced by GDC-0449 plus docetaxel on PC3 cells …

Dosimetry, Clinical Factors And Medication Intake Influencing Urinary Symptoms After Prostate Radiotherapy: An Analysis Of Data From The Radar Prostate Radiotherapy Trial, Noorazrul Yahya, Martin A. Ebert, Max Bulsara, Annette Haworth, Angel Kennedy, David J. Joseph, Jim W. Denham

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Purpose/Objective: To identify dosimetry, clinical factors and medication intake impacting urinary symptoms after prostate radiotherapy.

Material and Methods: Data describing clinical factors and bladder dosimetry (reduced with principal component (PC) analysis) for 754 patients treated with external beam radiotherapy accrued by TROG 03.04 RADAR prostate radiotherapy trial were available for analysis. Urinary symptoms (frequency, incontinence, dysuria and haematuria) were prospectively assessed using LENT-SOMA to a median of 72 months. The endpoints assessed were prevalence (grade≥1) at the end of radiotherapy (representing acute symptoms), at 18-, 36- and 54-month follow-ups (representing late symptoms) and peak late incidence including only grade≥2. Impact …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of The Diarylthiourea Analogs As Novel Anti-Cancer Agents, Shengquan Liu, Maggie C. Louie, Vanishree Rajagopalan, Guangyan Zhou, Esmerelda Ponce, Tran Nguyen, Linda Green

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

No abstract provided.

Prostate Cancer Support Groups: Canada-Based Specialists' Perspectives, John L. Oliffe, Suzanne K. Chambers, Bernie Garrett, Joan L. Bottorff, Michael Mckenzie, Christina S. Han, John S. Ogrodniszuk

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

To understand prostate cancer (PCa) specialists’ views about prostate cancer support groups (PCSGs), a volunteer sample of Canada-based PCa specialists ( n = 150), including urologists ( n = 100), radiation oncologists ( n = 40), and medical oncologists ( n = 10) were surveyed. The 56-item questionnaire used in this study included six sets of attitudinal items to measure prostate cancer specialists’ beliefs about positive and negative influences of PCSGs, reasons for attending PCSGs, the attributes of effective PCSGs, and the value of face-to-face and web-based PCSGs. In addition, an open-ended question was included to invite additional input from …

Defining Young In The Context Of Prostate Cancer, Suzanne Chambers, Anthony Lowe, Melissa Hyde, Leah Zajdlewicz, Robert F. Gardiner, David Sandoe, Jeff Dunn

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The experience of prostate cancer is for most men a major life stress with the psychological burden of this disease falling more heavily on those who are younger. Despite this, being young as it applies to prostate cancer is not yet clearly defined with varied chronological approaches applied. However, men’s responses to health crises are closely bound to life course and masculinities from which social roles emerge. This paper applied qualitative methodology (structured focus groups and semistructured interviews with expert informants) using interpretative phenomenological analysis to define what it means to be young and have prostate cancer. Structured focus groups …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Decision Aids For Decision Making In Prostate Cancer Testing: A Systematic Review, Dragan Ilic, Walid Jammal, Pauline Chiarelli, Robert A. Gardiner, Suzanne Hughes, Dana Stefanovic, Suzanne K. Chambers

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background Prostate cancer is a leading disease affecting men worldwide. Conflicting evidence within the literature provides little guidance to men contemplating whether or not to be screened for prostate cancer. This systematic review aimed to determine whether decision aids about early detection of prostate cancer improve patient knowledge and decision making about whether to undergo prostate-specific antigen testing. Methods Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Health Technology Assessment databases up until March 2014 were searched. All included randomised controlled trials were assessed for methodological quality. Clinical selection and assessment …

Is Proton Beam Therapy More Effective Than Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy In Prostate Cancer Treatment?, Daniel Zelefsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer found in American males. Breaking technological advances in prostate cancer treatment continue to develop to help fight this disease, one such is proton beam therapy. Proton beam therapy is theorized to spare even more healthy tissue than photon radiotherapy because it delivers a majority of its radiation during the Bragg peak. Since this technology is substantially costlier than any other form of radiation therapy, physicians are assessing its effectiveness and determining if it is worth the cost. Currently, there is no significant difference seen in patient quality of life between recipients …