Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Suppression Of F1 Male-Specific Lethality In Caenorhabditis Hybrids By Cbr-Him-8, Vaishnavi Ragavapuram, Emily Elaine King, Scott Everet Baird

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Haldane's Rule and Darwin's Corollary to Haldane's Rule are the observations that heterogametic F1 hybrids frequently are less fit than their homogametic siblings and that asymmetric results often are obtained from reciprocal hybrid crosses. In Caenorhabditis, Haldane's Rule and Darwin's Corollary have been observed in several hybrid crosses, including crosses of Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis nigoni. Fertile F1 females are obtained from reciprocal crosses. However, F1 males obtained from C. nigoni mothers are sterile and F1 males obtained from C. briggsae die during embryogenesis. We have identified cbr-him-8 as a recessive maternal-effect suppressor of F1 hybrid male-specific lethality …

Sidestream Smoke Exposure Increases The Susceptibility Of Airway Epithelia To Adenoviral Infection, Priyanka Sharma, Abimbola O. Kolawole, Susan B. Core, Adriana E. Kajon, Katherine J.D.A. Excoffon

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Although significant epidemiological evidence indicates that cigarette smoke exposure increases the incidence and severity of viral infection, the molecular mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility of the respiratory tract to viral pathogens are unclear. Adenoviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses and important causative agents of acute respiratory disease. The Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is the primary receptor for many adenoviruses. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke exposure increases epithelial susceptibility to adenovirus infection by increasing the abundance of apical CAR. Methodology and Findings: Cultured human airway epithelial cells (CaLu-3) were used as a model to investigate the effect of sidestream cigarette …

Facilitating Increased Treatment Adherence In Adult Mental Health Patients, Elizabeth Lavezzi

The University Honors Program

Treatment adherence rates are low among adult mental health patients. The purpose of this project is to utilize current literature regarding treatment adherence in adult mental health patients in order to identify nursing interventions to address treatment adherence and to create an educational presentation for mental health nurses regarding these interventions. The educational presentation will be created and presented to local mental health nurses in the Miami Valley, and a poster will be produced as a reference.

Use Of Modeling And Simulation In The Design And Conduct Of Pediatric Clinical Trials And The Optimization Of Individualized Dosing Regimens, Chris Stockmann, J. S. Barrett, Jessica K. Roberts, Catherine M.T. Sherwin

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Mathematical models of drug action and disease progression can inform pediatric pharmacotherapy. In this tutorial, we explore the key issues that differentiate pediatric from adult pharmacokinetic (PK) / pharmacodynamic (PD) studies, describe methods to calculate the number of participants to be enrolled and the optimal times at which blood samples should be collected, and therapeutic drug monitoring methods for individualizing pharmacotherapy. The development of pediatric‐specific drug dosing dashboards is also highlighted, with an emphasis on clinical‐relevance and ease of use.

Discussing Serious Illness, Kelly A. Rabah

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objectives:

• Physicians will be able to describe and discuss the 5 times communication about serious illness is most likely to occur.

• Physicians will be able to list the criteria required to optimize delivery and outcomes of a patient/family meeting

• Physicians will participate in a clinical role play family meeting where difficult news is shared and explained in an OSCE Format. Feedback by Peers and Preceptor will be given.

• Physicians will be able to discuss proper documentation of pt./family communication, pt. decline, and supervision provided as well as the importance of continuous communication between the resident and …

A Randomized 2x2 Factorial Clinical Trial Of Renal Transplantation: Steroid-Free Maintenance Immunosuppression With Calcineurin Inhibitor Withdrawal After Six Months Associates With Improved Renal Function And Reduced Chronic Histopathology, R. Brian Stevens, Kirk W. Foster, Clifford D. Miles, Andre C. Kalil, Diana F. Florescu, John P. Sandoz, Theodore H. Rigley, Tamer Malik, Lucile E. Wrenshall

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

Introduction

The two most significant impediments to renal allograft survival are rejection and the direct nephrotoxicity of the immunosuppressant drugs required to prevent it. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), a mainstay of most immunosuppression regimens, are particularly nephrotoxic. Until less toxic antirejection agents become available, the only option is to optimize our use of those at hand.

Aim

To determine whether intensive rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction followed by CNI withdrawal would individually or combined improve graft function and reduce graft chronic histopathology–surrogates for graft and, therefore, patient survival. As previously reported, a single large rATG dose over 24 hours was well-tolerated …

A Systematic Review Of Smartphone Applications For Parent, Coach, And Referee Sideline Concussion Symptom Identification And Intervention In Youth Soccer, Patrick Hoffman

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

BACKGROUND: It is the collective responsibility of coaches, referees, and parents to identify the signs and symptoms of a concussion, assess a player’s acute medical condition, and report their observations. Increasing concussion awareness and empowerment of these entities is critical to ensure that concussions are properly managed, risk is reduced, and effects are mitigated.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to provide youth soccer organizations and relevant parties with the most relevant, factual evidence-based smartphone applications for recognizing the signs and symptoms of concussions in youth sports.

METHODS: An evidence-based standard for concussion symptoms and identification was identified from …

Game Theory And The Surgeon, Alan P. Marco

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

How the controversial study of strategic decision-making plays out in our profession.

Gene Diversification Of An Emerging Pathogen: A Decade Of Mutation In A Novel Fish Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Vhs) Substrain Since Its First Appearance In The Laurentian Great Lakes, Carol A. Stepien, Lindsey R. Pierce, Douglas W. Leaman, Megan D. Niner, Brian S. Shepherd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus (VHSv) is an RNA rhabdovirus, which causes one of the world's most serious fish diseases, infecting >80 freshwater and marine species across the Northern Hemisphere. A new, novel, and especially virulent substrain—VHSv-IVb—first appeared in the Laurentian Great Lakes about a decade ago, resulting in massive fish kills. It rapidly spread and has genetically diversified. This study analyzes temporal and spatial mutational patterns of VHSv-IVb across the Great Lakes for the novel non-virion (Nv) gene that is unique to this group of novirhabdoviruses, in relation to its glycoprotein (G), phosphoprotein (P), …

Macroecology Of North American Suckers (Catostomidae): Tests Of Bergmann's And Rapoport's Rules, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Jason C. Doll

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Discerning spatial macroecological patterns in freshwater fishes has broad implications for community assembly, ecosystem dynamics, management, and conservation. This study explores the potential interspecific covariation of geographic range (Rapoport's rule) and body size (Bergmann's rule) with latitude in North American sucker fishes (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae). While numerous tests of Rapoport's and Bergmann's rules are documented in the literature, comparatively few of these studies have specifically tested for these patterns, and none have incorporated information reflecting shared ancestry into analyses of North American freshwater fish through a hierarchical model. This study utilized a hierarchical modeling approach with Bayesian inference to evaluate the …

Code Status Discussions, Kelly A. Rabah

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

The 2 most Important Take-aways:

• Have the conversation early

• Fully disclose risks, benefits and alternatives

Regulated Phosphorylation Of The K-Cl Cotransporter Kcc3 Is A Molecular Switch Of Intracellular Potassium Content And Cell Volume Homeostasis, Norma C. Adragna, Nagendra B. Ravilla, Peter K. Lauf, Gulnaz Begum, Arjun R. Khanna, Dandan Sun, Kristopher K. Kahle

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

The defense of cell volume against excessive shrinkage or swelling is a requirement for cell function and organismal survival. Cell swelling triggers a coordinated homeostatic response termed regulatory volume decrease (RVD), resulting in K+ and Cl− efflux via activation of K+ channels, volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), and the K+-Cl− cotransporters, including KCC3. Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the …

Plastin 3 Expression Does Not Modify Spinal Muscular Atrophy Severity In The ∆7 Sma Mouse, Vicki L. Mcgovern, Aurelie Massoni-Laporte, Xueyong Wang, Thanh T. Le, Hao T. Le, Mark M. Rich, Arthur H. M. Burghes

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by loss of the SMN1 gene and retention of SMN2. TheSMN2 copy number inversely correlates with phenotypic severity and is a modifier of disease outcome. The SMN2 gene essentially differs from SMN1 by a single nucleotide in exon 7 that modulates the incorporation of exon 7 into the final SMN transcript. The majority of the SMN2transcripts lack exon 7 and this leads to a SMN protein that does not effectively oligomerize and is rapidly degraded. However theSMN2 gene does produce some full-length SMN and theSMN2 copy number along with how …

The Significance Of Macrocephaly Or Enlarging Head Circumference In Infants With The Triad: Further Evidence Of Mimics Of Shaken Baby Syndrome, David Miller, Patrick Barnes, Marvin E. Miller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Infants with the triad (neurologic dysfunction, subdural hematoma [SDH], and retinal hemorrhage) are often diagnosed as victims of shaken baby syndrome. Medical conditions/predisposing factors to developing the triad are often dismissed: short falls, birth-related SDH that enlarges, macrocephaly, sinus/cortical vein thrombosis, and others. Six infants with the triad are described in which child abuse was diagnosed, but parents denied wrongdoing. All 6 had either macrocephaly or enlarging head circumference, which suggested medical explanations. Three infants incurred short falls, 1 had a difficult delivery in which there was likely a rebleed of a birth-related SDH, 1 had a spontaneous SDH associated …

Predictive Performance Of A Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Model In Neonates, Chris Stockmann, Adam L. Hersh, Jessica K. Roberts, Jiraganya Bhongsatiern, E. Kent Korgenski, Michael G. Spigarelli, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Adam Frymoyer

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction

The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin are highly variable among neonates, which makes dosing challenging in this population. However, adequate drug exposure is critical, especially when treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Utilization of population pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian methods offers the potential for developing individualized therapeutic approaches. To meet this need, a neonatal vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model was recently published. The current study sought to externally evaluate the predictive performance and generalizability of this model.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of neonates who received vancomycin and had ≥1 peak and ≥1 trough concentrations at five Intermountain Healthcare neonatal intensive care …

The Effect Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement On Sixth Graders’ Mental Math Performance, Tess Greene, Amber Todd

Medical Education Faculty Publications

We examined the relationship between different forms of reinforcement and subjects’ mathematical performance. Thirty sixth-grade students were asked to mentally calculate answers to fraction problems, while holding a heart rate monitor, after receiving a positive, negative, or neutral form of reinforcement. While the results suggest that any motivation, positive or negative, may result in higher grades, the positive reinforcement group displayed the largest gain. However, the results were not statistically significant, though the trend was consistent with prior research. The heart rates of the positively-reinforced group were significantly lower than those of the negatively-reinforced and control groups. These results suggest …

James Gillray, Thomas Rowlandson And Company: Medical Caricaturists Untamed, Jim Hennessy

Annual Conference Presentations, Papers, and Posters

No abstract provided.

Birth Of A Collection: The Vesalius Trust Collection Of Art In The Service Of Science, Marcia Hartsock, Anna Heran, Tina Schott

Annual Conference Presentations, Papers, and Posters

No abstract provided.

125th Anniversary Of The Ohio State University College Of Dentistry, Robert B. Stevenson

Annual Conference Presentations, Papers, and Posters

No abstract provided.

Irreversible Electroporation Of Malignant Lesions: An Institution Experience, Benjamin Bates, Minia Hellan, Shannon Kauffman, James R. Ouellette

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tumor ablation technique where short, high-voltage pulses are applied to tumors to permeabilize the cell membranes. Since no thermal energy is created, it can be used near vital structures. We report our experience in a wide array of anatomic locations and on diverse oncologic processes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all IRE cases performed at our institution from September 2010 to September 2013. Patients were evaluated for peri-operative morbidity, mortality, and oncologic outcome.

Results: Twenty-seven patients underwent IRE during 16 laparotomies and 12 CT guided percutaneous procedures. Anatomic locations: 9 liver, 7 …

Loss Of Prolyl Carboxypeptidase In Two-Kidney, One-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Mice, Nadja Grobe, Orly Leiva, Mariana Morris, Khalid M. Elased

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

It is well documented that angiotensin (Ang) II contributes to kidney disease progression. The protease prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP) is highly expressed in the kidney and may be renoprotective by degrading Ang II to Ang-(1-7). The aim of the study was to investigate whether renal PRCP protein expression and activity are altered in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertensive mice. Left renal artery was constricted by using 0.12 mm silver clips. Blood pressure was measured using telemetry over the eleven weeks of study period and revealed an immediate increase in 2K1C animals during the first week of clip placement which was followed …

Getting It Straight To Advance Care Of Hospitalized Children: When To Choose Research, Evidence-Based Practice Or Quality Improvement, Tracy L. Brewer, Lisa English Long

Nursing Faculty Publications

Struggling to understand the difference in research, evidence-based practice and quality improvement? Come “get it straight” with the experts! There will be a question and answer session at the end of the presentation so that your questions can be answered live!

Objectives:

1. Differentiate evidence-based practice (EBP), research and quality improvement (QI).
2. Identify resources to support EBP, research, and QI in the clinical setting.

Does Music Directly Affect A Person’S Heart Rate?, David Sills, Amber Todd

Medical Education Faculty Publications

Music can have a profound effect on a person’s body, in that it may cause people to dance and move around, but does it have a direct and significant effect on a person’s heart rate if they are still? In this study, 24 high school students’ heart rates were recorded while listening to 6 selections of 6 different genres of music. The effect of different types of music was tested using heart rate monitors, data collection software, and music from free music archives. We found that music has a significant impact on heart rate. Average heart rates were significantly higher …

Open Letter On Shaken Baby Syndrome And Courts: A False And Flawed Premise, Bill Bache, Patrick Barnes, Beverly Beech, Flo Bellone, Thomas L. Bohan, Harry J. Bonnell, Marta Cohen, D. L. Contostavlos, Peter Dale, Lina Davidson, Steven Gabaeff, Horace Gardner, Margaret Gardner, Jean Golding, A. N. Guthkelch, Charles M. Harvey, Helen Hayward-Brown, John Hemming, John C. Hunsaker Iii, Charles Hyman, Jan Leestma, James Lefanu, John Lloyd, Marvin E. Miller, Catherine Mills, George R. Nichols Ii, Michael Nott, John Plunkett, Charles Pragnell, Jean Robinson, Robert K. Rothfeder, Irene Scheimberg, Ron Uscinski, Michael Weinraub, Ed Willey, R. K. Wright, Lynne Wrennall

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The Open Letter on Shaken Baby Syndrome and Courts has been prepared under the auspices of the International Public Health Research Group [IPHRG]. It was developed from initial drafts by Bill Bache and Charles Pragnell. Final drafting and editing was by Dr Lynne Wrennall, Executive Director of the International Public Health Research Group and the Managing Editor of Argument & Critique. The process of writing the letter has relied on the published research in the field, much of it, published research by the signatories to the letter. The process has also drawn on the iterative contribution of insights by the …

The Quest For Ash Resistance To Eab: Towards A Mechanistic Understanding, Daniel A. Herms, Don Cipollini, K. S. Knight, J. L. Koch, T. M. Poland, Chad Michael Rigsby, Justin G.A. Whitehill, Pierluigi Bonello

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Since emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, was discovered in North America in 2002, it has killed many millions of ash trees in North America, and ash mortality now exceeds 99% near the epicenter of the invasion in southeast Michigan (Klooster et al. 2014). The development of EAB-resistant ash trees will be critical for restoration of ash in natural and urban forests. Goals of our collaboration are to identify, breed and screen ash germplasm for EAB resistance and silvicultural traits; and identify mechanisms of EAB resistance to facilitate breeding and screening.

Does Interprofessional Education Change Student Attitudes About Interprofessional Learning And Patient Safety?, Deborah Poling, Dawn Labarbera, Mary Kiersma

Nursing Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION The Fort Wayne Area Interprofessional Education Consortium (FWAIPEC) evaluated the outcomes of its educational initiative with a pre and post assessment utilizing the Readiness for Interprofessional Education tool (RIPLS). The seminar series was designed as a longitudinal team building experience to foster competency toward interprofessional collaborative practice.

METHODS Participants from pharmacy, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, nurse educator, nurse executive, medical and family practice residency programs were surveyed as part of the curriculum assessment.

RESULTS Primarily reflecting the required attendance of the pharmacy and physician assistant students, 122 participants completed both assessments (89.7% response rate). Wilcoxon signed rank tests were …

Mood Disorders Team-Based Learning Exercise, Brenda J. Roman, Lisa Anacker, Dean Parmelee

Medical Education Faculty Publications

Abstract Introduction: This exercise is used in a second-year medical course titled “The Mind.” The purpose of this 3-week long course is to provide an introduction to psychiatric illnesses, including diagnoses, neuroscience correlates, and basic treatments for psychiatric illnesses, including psychopharmacology. The authors of this exercise have extensive experience developing and facilitating TBL modules. This TBL session focuses on case vignettes with the following subject matter: a bipolar woman on an inpatient psychiatric ward who is actively manic and a young woman, also on an inpatient psychiatric ward, who has been hospitalized for major depression. Methods: Learning involves preclass reading …

The Implications Of Hiv Treatment On The Hiv-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective, F. Nyabadza, B. T. Bekele, Megan A. Rúa, D. M. Malonza, N. Chiduku, M. Kgosimore

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations’ dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we …

Behind The Scenes Of The Nas: Human Factors Taxonomy For Investigating Service Integrity Events, Katherine A. Berry, Michael W. Sawyer, Jordan Hinson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) deployed the Service Integrity Risk Analysis Process (SI-RAP) with the goal of assessing the risk of technical occurrence events where the ability to provide safe air traffic management technical services is compromised. As a post-event tool, SI-RAP assesses the risk associated with an occurrence based on severity and repeatability. The SI-RAP taxonomy was developed to provide a consistent framework for supporting the assessment of event repeatability. The SI-RAP taxonomy synthesizes existing human factors taxonomies with customized factors representing the technical operations domain. The SI-RAP taxonomy is comprised of four tiers: Personnel Factors, Contextual Factors, Equipment …

Impact Of Nextgen On National Airspace Actors, Kelley J. Krokos, Michael W. Sawyer, Katherine A. Berry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is executing a transformation of the National Airspace System (NAS) through the implementation of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). This paper presents two research efforts related to understanding and analyzing the effects of planned NextGen changes across NAS actors. American Institutes for Research is completing a Strategic Job Analysis and Strategic Training Needs Analysis of two NAS actors. The results are intended to provide recommendations to selection and training requirements necessary to support NextGen implementation. Fort Hill Group is building Human-System Interaction Models (HSIMs) that identify the human-system interactions affected by planned changes …