Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Chronic Systemic Immune Dysfunction In African-Americans With Small Vessel-Type Ischemic Stroke, Candice M. Brown, Cheryl D. Bushnell, Gregory P. Samsa, Larry B. Goldstein, Carol A. Colton

Neurology Faculty Publications

The incidence of small vessel-type (lacunar) ischemic strokes is greater in African-Americans compared to whites. The chronic inflammatory changes that result from lacunar stroke are poorly understood. To elucidate these changes, we measured serum inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers in African-Americans at least 6 weeks post-stroke compared to control individuals. Cases were African-Americans with lacunar stroke (n = 30), and controls were age-matched African-Americans with no history of stroke or other major neurologic disease (n = 37). Blood was obtained > 6 weeks post-stroke and was analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide …

Loss Of Vglut3 Produces Circadian-Dependent Hyperdopaminergia And Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction And L-Dopa-Mediated Dyskinesias In A Model Of Parkinson's Disease., Christopher B. Divito, Kathy Steece-Collier, Daniel T. Case, Sean-Paul G. Williams, Jennifer A. Stancati, Lianteng Zhi, Maria E. Rubio, Caryl E. Sortwell, Timothy J. Collier, David Sulzer, Robert H. Edwards, Hui Zhang, Rebecca P. Seal

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

UNLABELLED: The striatum is essential for many aspects of mammalian behavior, including motivation and movement, and is dysfunctional in motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) is expressed by striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and is thus well positioned to regulate dopamine (DA) signaling and locomotor activity, a canonical measure of basal ganglia output. We now report that VGLUT3 knock-out (KO) mice show circadian-dependent hyperlocomotor activity that is restricted to the waking cycle and is due to an increase in striatal DA synthesis, packaging, and release. Using a conditional VGLUT3 KO mouse, we show that deletion …

The Evolution Of Epilepsy Surgery Between 1991 And 2011 In Nine Major Epilepsy Centers Across The United States, Germany, And Australia., Lara Jehi, Daniel Friedman, Chad Carlson, Gregory Cascino, Sandra Dewar, Christian Elger, Jerome Engel, Robert Knowlton, Ruben Kuzniecky, Anne Mcintosh, Terence J O'Brien, Dennis Spencer, Michael R. Sperling, Gregory Worrell, Bill Bingaman, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Werner Doyle, Jacqueline French

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy surgery is the most effective treatment for select patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. In this article, we aim to provide an accurate understanding of the current epidemiologic characteristics of this intervention, as this knowledge is critical for guiding educational, academic, and resource priorities.

METHODS: We profile the practice of epilepsy surgery between 1991 and 2011 in nine major epilepsy surgery centers in the United States, Germany, and Australia. Clinical, imaging, surgical, and histopathologic data were derived from the surgical databases at various centers.

RESULTS: Although five of the centers performed their highest number of surgeries for mesial temporal sclerosis …

Caffeine And Progression Of Parkinson Disease: A Deleterious Interaction With Creatine., David K. Simon, Cai Wu, Barbara C. Tilley, Anne-Marie Wills, Michael J. Aminoff, Jacquelyn Bainbridge, Robert A. Hauser, Jay S. Schneider, Saloni Sharma, Carlos Singer, Caroline M. Tanner, Daniel Truong, Pei Shieen Wong

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Increased caffeine intake is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD) and is neuroprotective in mouse models of PD. However, in a previous study, an exploratory analysis suggested that, in patients taking creatine, caffeine intake was associated with a faster rate of progression. In the current study, we investigated the association of caffeine with the rate of progression of PD and the interaction of this association with creatine intake.

METHODS: Data were analyzed from a large phase 3 placebo-controlled clinical study of creatine as a potentially disease-modifying agent in PD. Subjects were recruited for this study from …

Gm1 Ganglioside In Parkinson's Disease: Pilot Study Of Effects On Dopamine Transporter Binding., Jay S. Schneider, Franca Cambi, Stephen M. Gollomp, Hiroto Kuwabara, James R. Brašić, Benjamin E. Leiby, Stephanie Sendek, Dean F. Wong

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: GM1 ganglioside has been suggested as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially having symptomatic and disease modifying effects. The current pilot imaging study was performed to examine effects of GM1 on dopamine transporter binding, as a surrogate measure of disease progression, studied longitudinally.

METHODS: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data were obtained from a subset of subjects enrolled in a delayed start clinical trial of GM1 in PD [1]: 15 Early-start (ES) subjects, 14 Delayed-start (DS) subjects, and 11 Comparison (standard-of-care) subjects. Treatment subjects were studied over a 2.5 year period while Comparison subjects were studied over 2 …

Type Of Preoperative Aura May Predict Postsurgical Outcome In Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy And Mesial Temporal Sclerosis., Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Maromi Nei, Ashwini Sharan, Michael R. Sperling

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: As the initial symptoms of epileptic seizures, many types of auras have significant localizing or lateralizing value. In this study, we hypothesized that the type of aura may predict postsurgical outcome in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

METHODS: In this retrospective study, all patients with a clinical diagnosis of medically refractory TLE due to unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis who underwent epilepsy surgery at the Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center were recruited. Patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 through 2014. Postsurgical outcome was classified into two groups: seizure freedom or …

Age At Onset In Patients With Medically Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy And Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Impact On Clinical Manifestations And Postsurgical Outcome., Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Michael R. Sperling

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the demographic and clinical manifestations and postsurgical outcome of childhood-onset mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy (MTS-TLE) and establishing the potential differences as compared to the patients with adult-onset MTS-TLE.

METHOD: In this retrospective study all patients with a clinical diagnosis of medically refractory TLE due to mesial temporal sclerosis, who underwent epilepsy surgery at Jefferson comprehensive epilepsy center, were recruited. Patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 through 2014. Postsurgical outcome was classified into two groups; seizure-free or relapsed. Clinical manifestations and outcome were compared between patients with childhood-onset MTS-TLE (i.e., age at …

Prevalence Of And Risk Factors For Intracranial Abnormalities In Unprovoked Seizures., Peter S. Dayan, Kathleen Lillis, Jonathan Bennett, Gregory P. Conners, Pam Bailey, James Callahan, Cigdem Akman, Neil Feldstein, Joshua Kriger, W Allen Hauser, Nathan Kuppermann

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prospective data are lacking to determine which children might benefit from prompt neuroimaging after unprovoked seizures. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, relevant intracranial abnormalities in children with first, unprovoked seizures.

METHODS: We conducted a 6-center prospective study in children aged >28 days to 18 years with seemingly unprovoked seizures. Emergency department (ED) clinicians documented clinical findings on a standardized form. Our main outcome was the presence of a clinically relevant intracranial abnormality on computed tomography (CT) or MRI, defined as those that might change management, either emergently, urgently, or nonurgently.

RESULTS: …

Sex Differences In Clinical Features Of Early, Treated Parkinson's Disease, Erika F. Augustine, Adriana Pérez, Rohit Dhall, Chizoba C. Umeh, Aleksandar Videnovic, Franca Cambi, Anne-Marie A. Wills, Jordan J. Elm, Richard M. Zweig, Lisa M. Shulman, Martha A. Nance, Jacquelyn Bainbridge, Oksana Suchowersky

Neurology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: To improve our understanding of sex differences in the clinical characteristics of Parkinson's Disease, we sought to examine differences in the clinical features and disease severity of men and women with early treated Parkinson's Disease (PD) enrolled in a large-scale clinical trial.

METHODS: Analysis was performed of baseline data from the National Institutes of Health Exploratory Trials in Parkinson's Disease (NET-PD) Long-term Study-1, a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 10 grams of oral creatine/day in individuals with early, treated PD. We compared mean age at symptom onset, age at PD diagnosis, and age at randomization between …

Ferritin Levels In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Predict Alzheimer's Disease Outcomes And Are Regulated By Apoe, Scott Ayton, Noel G. Faux, Ashley I. Bush, Charles D. Smith, Greg A. Jicha, Peter A. Hardy, Partha Sinha, Elizabeth Oates, Gary Conrad, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Neurology Faculty Publications

Brain iron elevation is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the impact of iron on disease outcomes has not been previously explored in a longitudinal study. Ferritin is the major iron storage protein of the body; by using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of ferritin as an index, we explored whether brain iron status impacts longitudinal outcomes in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. We show that baseline CSF ferritin levels were negatively associated with cognitive performance over 7 years in 91 cognitively normal, 144 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 67 AD subjects, and predicted MCI conversion to AD. …

Targeting Human Central Nervous System Protein Kinases: An Isoform Selective P38Αmapk Inhibitor That Attenuates Disease Progression In Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models, Saktimayee M. Roy, Valerie L. Grum-Tokars, James P. Schavocky, Faisal Saeed, Agnieszka Staniszewski, Andrew F. Teich, Ottavio Arancio, Adam D. Bachstetter, Scott J. Webster, Linda J. Van Eldik, George Minasov, Wayne F. Anderson, Jeffrey C. Pelletier, D. Martin Watterson

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

The first kinase inhibitor drug approval in 2001 initiated a remarkable decade of tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs for oncology indications, but a void exists for serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor drugs and central nervous system indications. Stress kinases are of special interest in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders due to their involvement in synaptic dysfunction and complex disease susceptibility. Clinical and preclinical evidence implicates the stress related kinase p38αMAPK as a potential neurotherapeutic target, but isoform selective p38αMAPK inhibitor candidates are lacking and the mixed kinase inhibitor drugs that are promising in peripheral tissue disease indications have limitations for neurologic indications. Therefore, …

Leukoaraiosis And Sex Predict The Hyperacute Ischemic Core Volume, Nils Henninger, Eugene Lin, Diogo Haussen, Laura Lehman, Deepak Takhtani, Magdy Selim, Majaz Moonis

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Leukoaraiosis (LA) and male sex have been associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity, which potentially adversely affects tissue viability in acute stroke. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of LA-severity and sex to the extent of the hyperacute ischemic core volume after intracranial large artery occlusion. METHODS: We analyzed data from 87 patients with acute intracranial large artery occlusion who had acute multimodal computed tomography-imaging. LA-severity was assessed using the van Swieten scale on noncontrast computed tomography. Computed tomography perfusion data were analyzed using automatic calculation of the mean transit time and hyperacute cerebral blood volume defects. …

Normobaric Hyperoxia Delays Perfusion/Diffusion Mismatch Evolution, Reduces Infarct Volume, And Differentially Affects Neuronal Cell Death Pathways After Suture Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion In Rats, Nils Henninger, James Bouley, Julia Nelligan, Kenneth Sicard, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

Normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) has been shown to extend the reperfusion window after focal cerebral ischemia. Employing diffusion (DWI)- and perfusion (PWI)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the effect of NBO (100% started at 30 mins after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)) on the spatiotemporal evolution of ischemia during and after permanent (pMCAO) and transient suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was investigated (experiment 3). In two additional experiments, time window (experiment 1) and cell death pathways (experiment 2) were investigated in the pMCAO model. In experiment 1, NBO treatment reduced infarct volume at 24 h after pMCAO by 10% when administered …

Characterizing Tissue Fate After Transient Cerebral Ischemia Of Varying Duration Using Quantitative Diffusion And Perfusion Imaging, Juergen Bardutzky, Qiang Shen, Nils Henninger, Stefan Schwab, Timothy Duong, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reperfusion on ischemic lesion evolution and pixel-by-pixel apparent diffusion coefficient-cerebral blood flow (ADC-CBF) dynamics of core and mismatch tissues after 35, 60, and 95 minutes of transient focal ischemia in rats (n=28). METHODS: Serial diffusion-, perfusion-, and T2-weighted imaging were performed up to 24 hours. The evolution of the magnetic resonance image-derived lesion volume was investigated and ADC-CBF scatterplots were performed to prospectively characterize the ADC and CBF dynamics of core and mismatch tissues with different fates. For comparison, similar analysis was performed on a historical …

Comparison Of Ischemic Lesion Evolution In Embolic Versus Mechanical Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion In Sprague Dawley Rats Using Diffusion And Perfusion Imaging, Nils Henninger, Kenneth Sicard, Karl Schmidt, Juergen Bardutzky, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differences among models in the temporal evolution of ischemia after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats may considerably influence the results of experimental stroke research. Using diffusion and perfusion imaging, we compared the spatiotemporal evolution of ischemia in Sprague Dawley rats after permanent suture MCAO (sMCAO; n=8) and embolic MCAO (eMCAO; n=8).

METHODS: Serial measurements of quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were performed up to 180 minutes after MCAO. ADC and CBF values within 5 different brain regions were analyzed. ADC and CBF lesion volumes were calculated by using previously …

Ischemic Lesion Volume Determination On Diffusion Weighted Images Vs. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps, Bernt Bratane, Birgül Bastan, Marc Fisher, James Bouley, Nils Henninger

Nils Henninger

Though diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is frequently used for identifying the ischemic lesion in focal cerebral ischemia, the understanding of spatiotemporal evolution patterns observed with different analysis methods remains imprecise. DWI and calculated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were serially obtained in rat stroke models (MCAO): permanent, 90 min, and 180 min temporary MCAO. Lesion volumes were analyzed in a blinded and randomized manner by 2 investigators using (i) a previously validated ADC threshold, (ii) visual determination of hypointense regions on ADC maps, and (iii) visual determination of hyperintense regions on DWI. Lesion volumes were correlated with 24 hour 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride …

The Proteasome Inhibitor Velcade Reduces Infarction In Rat Models Of Focal Cerebral Ischemia, Nils Henninger, Kenneth Sicard, James Bouley, Marc Fisher, Nancy Stagliano

Nils Henninger

The potential neuroprotective effects of VELCADE were investigated in two different models of focal cerebral ischemia. For time-window assessment, male Wistar-Kyoto rats were treated with 0.2 mg/kg VELCADE at 1, 2, or 3 h after the induction of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using the suture occlusion method (experiment 1). To evaluate effects in a different model, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.2 mg/kg VELCADE after embolic MCAO (experiment 2). Infarct volume was calculated based on TTC-staining 24 h postischemia and whole blood proteasome activity was fluorometrically determined in both experiments at baseline, 1 and 24 h post-MCAO. In experiment …

Laser Doppler Flowmetry Predicts Occlusion But Not Tpa-Mediated Reperfusion Success After Rat Embolic Stroke, Nils Henninger, James Bouley, Bernt Bratane, Birgül Bastan, Meghan Shea, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is increasingly used to assess adequate occlusion after embolic stroke (ES) in rats. METHODS: Employing LDF, relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was continuously monitored during the first 2 h following ES and correlated with 24 h 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-staining of corrected infarct volume. In a preliminary experiment (n=18), it was demonstrated that rCBF-reduction to 37% or less of baseline correctly identified occlusion success in the suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (sMCAO) model. Using the same methodology, we then assessed whether LDF allowed for identification of animals with successful ES (experiment 2, n=26) …

Visualization Of Clot Lysis In A Rat Embolic Stroke Model: Application To Comparative Lytic Efficacy, Ronn Walvick, Bernt Bratane, Nils Henninger, Kenneth Sicard, James Bouley, Zhanyang Yu, Eng Lo, Xiaoying Wang, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel MRI method for imaging clot lysis in a rat embolic stroke model and to compare tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-based clot lysis with and without recombinant Annexin-2 (rA2). METHODS: In experiment 1 we used in vitro optimization of clot visualization using multiple MRI contrast agents in concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 muL in 250 muL blood. In experiment 2, we used in vivo characterization of the time course of clot lysis using the clot developed in the previous experiment. Diffusion, perfusion, angiography, and T1-weighted MRI for clot …

Differences In Ischemic Lesion Evolution In Different Rat Strains Using Diffusion And Perfusion Imaging, Juergen Bardutzky, Qiang Shen, Nils Henninger, James Bouley, Timothy Duong, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Interstrain differences in the temporal evolution of ischemia after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats may considerably influence the results of experimental stroke research. We investigated, in 2 commonly used rat strains (Sprague-Dawley [SD] and Wistar-Kyoto [WK]), the spatiotemporal evolution of ischemia after permanent suture MCAO using diffusion and perfusion imaging.

METHODS: Serial measurements of quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were performed up to 210 min after MCAO. Lesion volumes were calculated by using previously established viability thresholds and correlated with infarct volume defined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining 24 hours after …

Normobaric Hyperoxia And Delayed Tpa Treatment In A Rat Embolic Stroke Model, Nils Henninger, Bernt Bratane, Birgül Bastan, James Bouley, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

In a rat embolic stroke (eMCAO) model, the effects of 100% normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) with delayed recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration on ischemic lesion size and safety were assessed by diffusion- and perfusion (PWI)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. NBO or room air (Air) by a face mask was started at 30 mins posteMCAO and continued for 3.5 h. Tissue plasminogen activator or saline was started at 3 h posteMCAO. Types and location of hemorrhagic transformation were assessed at 24 h and a spectrophotometric hemoglobin assay quantified hemorrhage volume at 10 h. In NBO-treated animals the apparent diffusion coefficient/PWI mismatch persisted …

Long-Term Changes Of Functional Mri-Based Brain Function, Behavioral Status, And Histopathology After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Rats, Kenneth Sicard, Nils Henninger, Marc Fisher, Timothy Duong, Craig Ferris

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relation between recovery of brain function and neurological status after clinical and experimental cerebral ischemia is incompletely characterized. We assessed the evolution of ischemic injury, behavioral status, and brain activity at acute to chronic periods after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 20-minute tMCAO (n=10) or sham operation (n=10). Sensorimotor behavioral testing and multimodal (diffusion, perfusion, T2, and functional) MRI, as well as postmortem hematoxylin-eosin staining, were performed before and up to 21 days after tMCAO. MRI and histological parameters were evaluated in 5 regions of interest …

Stimulating Circle Of Willis Nerve Fibers Preserves The Diffusion-Perfusion Mismatch In Experimental Stroke, Nils Henninger, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stimulation of the nerves traversing the ethmoidal foramen (including postsynaptic, parasympathetic projections from the sphenopalatine ganglion [SPG], henceforth referred to as "SPG-stimulation") has been shown to elevate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and to be neuroprotective after permanent, middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). METHODS: Employing diffusion (DWI)- and perfusion (PWI) weighted MRI, the effect of SPG-stimulation (started at 60 minutes post-MCAO) on the spatiotemporal evolution of ischemia during and after pMCAO was investigated. In an additional experiment, regional CBF changes were investigated in the nonischemic brain. RESULTS: In the nonischemic brain, SPG stimulation significantly elevated CBF predominantly within …

Differential Recovery Of Multimodal Mri And Behavior After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Rats, Kenneth Sicard, Nils Henninger, Marc Fisher, Timothy Duong, Craig Ferris

Nils Henninger

The association between recovery of brain function and behavior after transient cerebral ischemia in animals and humans is incompletely characterized. Quantitative diffusion- (DWI), perfusion- (PWI), T(2)-weighted (T(2)WI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed before, during, and up to 1 day after 20-mins transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO; n=6) or sham operation (n=6) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Viability thresholds were employed to calculate diffusion, perfusion, and T(2) lesion volumes. Region of interest analysis was used to evaluate structural and functional MR signal changes within the sensorimotor network, which were then related to corresponding behavioral measures. Post-mortem 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride …

Spectacular Shrinking Deficit: Insights From Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion In Sprague-Dawley Rats, Nils Henninger, Kenneth Sicard, Marc Fisher

Nils Henninger

Almost no data is available on the serial changes in the brain after spectacular shrinking deficit (SSD) that may help understand this relatively rare clinical phenomenon. Quantitative diffusion-(DWI), perfusion-(PWI), T(1)-(T1WI), T(2)-weighted (T2WI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed before, during, and up to 7 days after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=9). Region of interest (ROI) analysis was used to evaluate structural and functional MR signal changes within three ROIs defined by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow (CBF) signatures, and final tissue viability. DWI, PWI, and T2WI lesion volumes were …

Amyloid-Related Memory Decline In Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease In Dependent On Apoe Ε4 And Is Detectable Over 18-Months, Christine Thai, Yen Ying Lim, Victor L. Villemagne, Simon Laws, David Ames, Kathryn A. Ellis, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Ralph Martins, Colin L. Masters, Christopher C. Rowe, Paul Maruff, Australian Imaging, Biomarkers And Lifestyle (Aibl) Research Group

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

High levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain and carriage of the APOE ε4 allele have each been linked to cognitive impairment in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cerebral Aβ level, APOE ε4 carrier status, and cognitive decline over 18 monthes, in 317 cognitively healthy (CN) older adults (47% males, 52.4% females) aged between 60 and 89 years (Mean = 69.9, SC = 6.8). Cognition was assessed using the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) and the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II). Planned comparisons indicated that CN older adults …