Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tobacco Policies At Colleges And Universities Housing Prek – 12 Laboratory Schools: An Exploratory Study, Sarah Prudhomme, Tara L. Gallien

NALS Journal

Objective. This study examined the current status of tobacco-/smoke-free campus policies at PreK - 12 laboratory schools and their affiliated colleges/universities. Perceived barriers to passage of tobacco-/smoke-free policies and aspects of the school environment perceived to aid in passage of such polices were also examined. Methods. Data were collected through electronic surveys to administrators of 61 U.S. International Association of Laboratory School members and their affiliated colleges/universities. Information on state tobacco policies was obtained from the National Association of State Board of Education’s State School Healthy Policy Database on tobacco use. Results. Inconsistencies between college/university tobacco-/smoke-free policies and state …

District Specific Correlates For Hypertension In Kaoma And Kasama Rural Districts Of Zambia, Seter Siziya, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Victor M. Mukonka, Olesegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Hypertension a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the most widely recognized modifiable risk factor for this disease. There is little information on the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in Zambia, and in particular in rural areas of the country. In order to contribute to the existing global literature on hypertension, particularly in rural Zambia, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its correlates in two rural districts of Zambia, namely Kaoma and Kasama. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) global non communicable diseases (NCD) surveillance initiative …

A Content Analysis Of Media Coverage Of The Introduction Of A Smoke-Free Bylaw In Vancouver Parks And Beaches, Arezu Moshrefzadeh, Wendy Rice, Ann Pederson, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Nursing Faculty Publications

The Board of Parks and Recreation in Vancouver, BC approved a smoke-free bylaw in the city's parks, beaches and recreational facilities, effective 1 September 2010. We analyzed local news coverage and portrayal of the bylaw to understand the potential influence of news media on public perception of the bylaw in order to inform the media advocacy work of public health interest groups. We compiled a data set of newspaper articles (n = 90) and conducted a quantitative content analysis to examine content related to the outdoor smoke-free policy, including article slant, topics related to smoking and tobacco control, and any …

Associations Of Smoking Status And Serious Psychological Distress With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ke-Sheng Wang, Liang Wang, Shimin Zheng, Long-Yang Wu

ETSU Faculty Works

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem due to its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, while serious psychological distress (SPD) is prevalent among COPD patients. However, no study focusing on the effect of SPD on COPD has been so far conducted, while few studies have focused on the associations of SPD and behavioral factors with COPD by smoking status.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations of SPD and behavioral factors (such as smoking and physical activity) with COPD.

Materials and Methods: Weighted logistic regression …

Sessile Serrated Adenomas In The Proximal Colon Are Likely To Be Flat, Large And Occur In Smokers, Tarun Rustagi, Priya Rangasamy, Matthew Myers, Melinda Sanders, Haleh Vaziri, George Y. Wu, John W. Birk, Petr Protiva, Joseph C. Anderson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Aim: To examine the epidemiology and the morphology of the proximal sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to identify patients with SSAs using a university-based hospital pathology database query from January 2007 to April 2011. Data collected included: age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, family history of colorectal cancer, aspirin, and statin use. We collected data on morphology of SSAs including site (proximal or distal), size, and endoscopic appearance (flat or protuberant). We also compared proximal SSAs to proximal tubular adenomas detected during same time period.

Smoking Cessation Outcomes Among Individuals With A History Of Psychotic Disorders As Compared To Those Without, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Milan Khara

Nursing Presentations

Background: Psychotic disorders (e.g., Schizophrenia, schizoaffetive disorder) are associated with a higher smoking prevalence (relative to other psychiatric disorders) and smoking attributable mortality. Until recently, little has been done to address the disproportionate smoking in this population. The objectives of our study are to: 1) describe the characteristics of smokers with a history of psychiatric disorders (i.e., none, psychotic, and depressive/anxiety) and 2) examine smoking cessation/reduction outcomes by history of psychiatric disorders.

Methods: Retrospective analyses were conducted from charts of 982 participants accessing a tailored, evidence-based, tobacco treatment program within mental health and addictions services in Vancouver, Canada. Demographics, tobacco …

Smoking On The Margins: An Equity Analysis Of Vancouver's Outdoor Smoke-Free Policy In Parks And On Beaches, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Ann Pederson

Nursing Presentations

Background: Increasingly, jurisdictions worldwide are addressing smoking restrictions in outdoor public spaces to reduce secondhand smoke exposure, discourage youth initiation, enhance cessation, and reduce environmental hazards (i.e., fire and cigarette-related litter). However, there is little research on the policy context and health-equity impact of such policies to help guide wider implementation efforts.

Objectives: On September 1, 2010, the Board of Parks and Recreation in Vancouver, Canada, introduced a smoke-free bylaw for the city’s parks and beaches. The Smoking on the Margins project is examining the policy context and potential health-equity impact of this bylaw.

Methods: Applying critical multiplism and equity-focused …

Support For A Smoke-Free Bylaw In Parks And On Beaches, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Ann Pederson, Wendy Rice

Nursing Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: In September 2010, Vancouver, Canada enacted a smoke-free bylaw in parks and on beaches.

OBJECTIVE: To examine demographic and attitudinal factors associated with the public opinion on Vancouver's outdoor smoke-free bylaw.

METHODS: From 496 randomly selected Vancouver residents, information on demographics, smoking status, and opinions and support for or opposition to the smoke-free bylaw were obtained by telephone surveys.

RESULTS: Approximately 84.2% of the sample endorsed the legislation; a greater proportion of non-smokers supported the bylaw than smokers (88.6% vs. 52.0%). In multivariate analysis, demographic variables significantly associated with supporting the smoke-free bylaw were being female, having completed community …

Tobacco Treatment Outcomes From A Specialist Smoking Cessation Clinic Based Within Cardiology Services, Milan Khara, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Nursing Presentations

BACKGROUND: Populations with cardiac conditions often continue to smoke at high rates (up to 62%), even after experiencing life-threatening cardiac events. The purpose of our study is to examine pilot treatment outcomes of an outpatient Smoking Cessation Clinic (SCC) provided within Cardiology Services.

METHODS: This study is based on a retrospective review of the charts of 118 participants of the SCC (between Sept 2010 and May 2012). The primary components of intervention include tailored pharmacotherapy and behavioural counselling. The main outcome of interest is self-reported 7-day point-prevalence of smoking abstinence verified by expired CO level (when available).

RESULTS: 34.7% …

Prevalence And Predictors Of Smoking In A Mining Town In Kitwe, Zambia: A 2011 Population-Based Survey, Cosmas Zyaambo, Olesegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya

Faculty Publications

Smoking is one of the major preventable causes of death and non-communicable diseases which include hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of the study is to establish prevalence and predictors of smoking so that interventions specific to these communities can be executed to prevent smoking. A cross sectional study was conducted using a modified World Health Organizations Global Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Surveillance Initiative NCD-STEPs 1 and 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of tobacco smoking. A total of 1627 individuals participated in the survey, of which 42.3% were males. About half of the participants …

Shots For Tots?, Eric A. Feldman

All Faculty Scholarship

By endorsing the use of a vaccine that makes the experience of puffing on a cigarette deeply distasteful, Lieber and Millum have taken the first few tentative steps into a future filled with medical interventions that manipulate individual preferences. It is tempting to embrace the careful arguments of “Preventing Sin” and celebrate the possibility that the profound individual and social costs of smoking will finally be tamed. Yet there is something unsettling about the possibility that parental discretion may be on the cusp of a radical expansion, one that involves a new and unexplored approach to behavior modification.

Transforming Our Parks And Beaches, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Nursing Presentations

This presentation covers a study that examines the health and health equity impact of the newly implemented smoke-free policy for Vancouver’s parks and beaches.

Reductions In Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, And Respiratory Mortality Following The National Irish Smoking Ban: Interruped Time-Series Analysis, Sericea Stallings-Smith, Ariana Zeka, Patrick J. Goodman, Zubair Kabir, Luke Clancy

Articles

Background:

Previous studies have shown decreases in cardiovascular mortality following the implementation of comprehensive smoking bans. It is not known whether cerebrovascular or respiratory mortality decreases post-ban. On March 29, 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to implement a national workplace smoking ban. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this policy on all-cause and cause-specific, non-trauma mortality.

Methods:

A time-series epidemiologic assessment was conducted, utilizing Poisson regression to examine weekly age and gender-standardized rates for 215,878 non-trauma deaths in the Irish population, ages $35 years. The study period was …

Gaps In Survey Data On Cancer In American Indian And Alaska Native Populations: Examination Of Us Population Surveys, 1960-2010, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Tinka Duran, Jim P. Stimpson, Corey Smith

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

INTRODUCTION: Population-based data are essential for quantifying the problems and measuring the progress made by comprehensive cancer control programs. However, cancer information specific to the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population is not readily available. We identified major population-based surveys conducted in the United States that contain questions related to cancer, documented the AI/AN sample size in these surveys, and identified gaps in the types of cancer-related information these surveys collect.

METHODS: We conducted an Internet query of US Department of Health and Human Services agency websites and a Medline search to identify population-based surveys conducted in the United States from …

Military Tobacco Dependence Treatment: Implications Of Treatment Type On Abstinence And Weight Management Ability, Bradley A. Briscoe

DNP Projects

Military readiness, employer productivity and individual health are all significantly impacted by high rates of tobacco use. Current research, to date, suggests that use of brief, individually tailored behavioral modification strategies through group therapy may be most effective in smoking cessation. The objective of this Practice Inquiry Project was to explore aspects of tobacco use the U.S. military population and examine potential relationships between type of treatment, smoking abstinence, and maintenance of body weight (e.g. avoid weight gain) among those seeking tobacco use cessation. The findings of this project can provide guidance on enhancing current tobacco cessation efforts to enable …

Social Interaction And Youth Smoking, Min Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Young people are psychologically immature, and are easy to be influenced by others to engage in risky behaviors. Based on the data from the NLSY79, this dissertation examines how maternal smoking, sibling smoking, and living in urban and rural areas impact on youth smoking decisions.

Smokers' Neurological Responses To Imagery From Cigarette Package Warning Labels, Johann Fridrik Fridriksson

Theses and Dissertations

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act was signed into law in 2009 and gave the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to implement pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packages. Multiple studies investigating self-reported affective, cognitive and behavioral impacts of HWLs suggest that the most effective warnings include imagery that depicts physical damage to the body due to smoking. However, self-report methods of assessment used in these studies may be biased. Far less is known about how HWLs directly modulate brain activity. …

Alcohol Consumption And Its Correlates Among Residents Of Mining Town, Kitwe, Zambia: 2011 Population Based Survey, Cosmas Zyaambo, Olesegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya

Faculty Publications

Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, liver cirrhosis and cancers. It has also been associated with risky sexual behaviors, hence, attributed as a factor in the increase of HIV incidence and prevalence. A cross sectional study was conducted using a modified World Health Organizations Global Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Surveillance Initiative NCD-STEPs 1and 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of alcohol consumption. A total of 1627 individuals participated in the survey, of which 42.3% were males. Some 22.3% (36.2% of male and 12.1% of female; p<0.001) participants reported to have consumed alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey. The factors considered to be associated with alcohol consumption were age, sex and smoking. Compared to respondents age 25-34 years, respondents of age 35-44 years were 38% (AOR = 1.38, 95%CI [1.11, 1.70]) more likely to report having consumed alcohol and those aged 45 years or older were 26% (AOR = 0.74, 95%CI [0.60, 0.93]) less likely to report having consumed alcohol. Female respondents were 47% (AOR = 0.53, 95%CI [0.46, 0.60]) less likely to report consuming alcohol compared to male respondents. Compared to respondents who reported smoking cigarettes, those who did not smoke cigarettes were 51% (AOR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.40, 0.59]) less likely to consume alcohol. The rate of alcohol consumption is high in this mining town. Factors identified in this study as associated with alcohol consumption, i.e., male sex, age, cigarette smoking, should be considered in designing interventions to curtail the level of alcohol consumption.