Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Income Inequality And Homicide Rates In Sao Paulo, Brazil., Paulo A. Lotufo, Isabela M. Bensenor

Paulo A Lotufo

Description of the epidemic of homicide among poor people in Brazil. In Sao Paulo, Brazil, homicides to men aged 15-44 years increased with an annual percentage change (APC) of 4.7% from 1996 to 2001, and then decreased from 2001 to 2007 with an APC of -14.6%. Analyzing the intra-urban distribution according to family income, the increase in the homicide rate was restricted to men living in the poorest neighbourhoods. In contrast, the decline in homicide rates was observed to men living in all districts. The reasons for this 'up and down' trend are not clear.

Community Acquired Pneumonia: Risk Factors Associated With Mortality In A Tertiary Care Hospitalized Patients, Muhammad Irfan, Syed Fayyaz Hussain, Khubaib Mapara, Shafia Memon, Mohammed Mogri, Muniza Bana, Amna Malik, Sara Khan, Nadia A Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with CommunityAcquired Pneumonia (CAP) from a developing country.

METHODS: An observational study was conducted on adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of CAP from January 2002 to August 2003 at Aga Khan University hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Clinical records were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory features, hospital course, and risk factors associated with mortality.

RESULTS: A total of 329 patients (187 males) were admitted with CAP. Two-third of patients had underlying co-morbid medical illnesses. Complications developed in 15.7% cases and the overall mortality rate was 11%. Risk factors …

Directing Diarrhoeal Disease Research Towards Disease-Burden Reduction, Margaret Kosek, Claudio F. Lanata, Robert E. Black, Damian G. Walker, John D. Snyder, Mohammed Abdus Salam, Dilip Mahalanabis, Olivier Fontaine, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Shinjini Bhatnagar, Igor Rudan

Woman and Child Health

Despite gains in controlling mortality relating to diarrhoeal disease, the burden of disease remains unacceptably high. To refocus health research to target disease-burden reduction as the goal of research in child health, the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative developed a systematic strategy to rank health research options. This priority-setting exercise included listing of 46 competitive research options in diarrhoeal disease and their critical and quantitative appraisal by 10 experts based on five criteria for research that reflect the ability of the research to be translated into interventions and achieved disease-burden reduction. These criteria included the answerability of the research …

Mapping Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios To Illustrate Racial And Sex Disparities In A High-Risk Population, James R. Hébert, Virginie Daguise, Deborah M. Hurley, Rebecca C. Wilkerson, Catishia M. Mosley, Swann Arp Adams, Robin C. Puett, James B. Burch, Susan E. Steck, Susan Bolick-Aldrich

Faculty Publications

Background - Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates are the metrics used most commonly to define cancer-related racial disparities. In the US, and particularly in South Carolina, these largely disfavor African Americans (AAs). Computed from readily available data sources, the mortality-to-incidence rate ratio (MIR) provides a population-based indicator of survival.

Methods - South Carolina Central Cancer Registry incidence data and Vital Registry death data were used to construct MIRs. ArcGIS 9.2 mapping software was used to map cancer MIRs by sex and race for 8 Health Regions within South Carolina for all cancers combined and for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, …

Does Unemployment Decrease Cancer Mortality?, Benjamin Torres Galick

Economics Honors Projects

Recent research indicates that healthier lifestyles during recessions decrease the most common U.S. mortalities, but not cancer. However, they combine specific cancer mortalities with different progressions into one, possibly obscuring cancer’s link to unemployment. This paper estimates a fixed-effects regression model on unemployment and the nine most prevalent cancers between 1988 and 2002 using state-level panel data. Five cancers and total cancer are procyclical, and suggest that unemployment affects both incidence and gestation for some cancers. Consistent with the medical literature, this paper contradicts previous economic research and suggests that behavioral factors significantly impact cancer mortality.

Life Expectancy And Years Of Life Lost In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Findings From The Nhanes Iii Follow-Up Study, Robert M. Shavelle, David R. Paculdo, Scott J. Kush, David M. Mannino, David J. Strauss

David M. Mannino

Rationale

Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes increased mortality in the general population. But life expectancy and the years of life lost have not been reported.

Objectives

To quantify mortality, examine how it varies with age, sex, and other risk factors, and determine how life expectancy is affected.

Methods

We constructed mortality models using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, adjusting for age, sex, race, and major medical conditions. We used these to compute life expectancy and the years of life lost.

Measurements and main results

Pulmonary function testing classified patients as having …

C-Reactive Protein, Obesity, And Colorectal Cancer Mortality : A Prospective Study Of The Nhanes Iii-Ndi Dataset, Alexandra Maria Hajduk

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, including colorectal cancer. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for colorectal cancer via induction of a chronic state of low-grade bowel inflammation due to excessive release of inflammatory cytokines such as C-Reactive protein (CRP) by adipocytes. Prior studies have produced evidence of positive associations between CRP and colon cancer risk but none to date have assessed if elevated CRP is an independent risk factor when controlling for obesity. Also, controversy exists about which measure of adiposity best predicts risk of colon cancer. METHODS: We examined these …

Dairy Farming In Kars District, Turkey: Iii. Neonatal Calf Health, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Ahmet Ünver, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Mükremi̇n Özkan Arslan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was designed to determine the health status of neonatal calves on dairy farms in Kars district. It involved retrospective questioning (2001 calving season) and prospective follow up (2002 calving season). The localities and farms were selected from a list using a 2-stage stratified random sampling method. Farms were weekly visited by authors during the 2002 calving season for clinical problems. A total of 624 calves, born on 45 farms from 7 different localities, were followed up in the 2002 calving season. On the same farms data were collected regarding 582 neonatal calves in the 2001 calving season by …

Comparison Of Trauma Scores For Adults Who Fell From Height As Survival Predictivity, Mehmet Eryilmaz, Murat Durusu, Öner Menteş, Tahi̇r Özer, Seli̇m Kiliç, Gürkan Ersoy, Özcan Altinel, Murat Kalemoğlu, Nurkan Törer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Falls from a height and their subsequent injuries and traumas can cause morbidity and death. In the present study, ISS, NISS, RTS, and TRISS values were analyzed to assess mortality probabilities of patients who fell from a height. Materials and Methods: Patients' age, gender, height of falls (0-2 m, 3-5 m, and 6 m and above), organ pathologies, and ISS, NISS, RTS, and TRISS scores were evaluated in terms of mortality. Results: Regarding the survival rate, no statistically significant difference was found between age and gender (P > 0.05). We determined that all trauma scores were correlated with mortality, and …

Outcome And Factors Associated With Hospital Mortality In Patients With Impaired Left Ventricular Function Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Where Do We Stand?, Mubashir Zareen Khan, S Perveen, Ja Ansari, Sa Sami, S Furnaz, Saulat H. Fatimi

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Objective: Impaired ventricular function is a known risk factor for mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting however increasingly more patients with impaired ventricular function are referred for surgery. Currently no large data is available from Pakistan regarding this aspect of coronary surgery. Our objectives were to find out the hospital mortality and mid term functional improvement in patients with impaired ventricular function undergoing coronary artery by pass grafting and identify the risk factors for mortality.
Methodology: Retrospective analysis of preoperative, operative and postoperative variables of patients with impaired ventricular function who were operated for isolated first time coronary artery …

Tracking Civilian Casualties In Combat Zones Using Civilian Battle Damage Assessment Ratios., E Cameron, M Spagat, M Hicks

Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks

No abstract provided.