Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Does A Short-Term Interprofessional Clinical Placement Early In A Graduate-Entry Medical Course Affect Students' Readiness For Interprofessional Learning?, Judith N. Hudson, John A. Bushnell, Elizabeth A. Farmer

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Abstract of a presentation at the Third International Clinical Skills Conference, 1-4 July 2009, Prato, Italy.

Acid, But Not Capsaicin, Is An Effective Stimulus For Atp Release In The Porcine Bladder Mucosa, Prajni Sandananda, Kylie J. Mansfield, Elizabeth Burcher

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Hypothesis / aims of study: Urothelial ATP release is thought to play an important role in bladder afferent signaling via activation of purinergic receptors on suburothelial afferent nerves. Stretch of the bladder mucosa is a well documented stimulus for ATP release in several species, including the pig [1]. In addition, in mouse bladder, capsaicin is also an effective stimulus for ATP release, acting via stimulation of vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors [2]. While acid is an agonist at the TRPV1 receptor, specialized acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are also present in several organ systems [3]. Our aim was to characterize the ATP …

Are Patients Willing Participants In The New Wave Of Community-Based Medical Education In Regional And Rural Australia?, Judith N. Hudson, Kathryn M. Weston, Russell W. Pearson, Rowena G. Ivers, Elizabeth Farmer

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Community-based medical education is escalating to meet the increased demand for quality clinical education in expanded settings and patient participation is vital to the sustainability of this endeavour. This study aimed to investigate patients’ views on being used as an educational resource in medical student teaching, and whether they are being under- or over-used.

Will The Nhhrc Recommendations Drive Quality Performance?, Andrew D. Bonney, Elizabeth Farmer

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

General practice is the heart of the Australian health care system,1 addressing the health needs of people, in their communities and in diverse locations and contexts across Australia. With over 100 million items of service claimed by general practitioners each year,2,3 even small but incremental improvements in quality have the potential to translate into population level gains in the outcomes and safety of general practice care. In recent years, Australian general practice has undertaken significant work in quality improvement, with practice accreditation to The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners standards and the Australian Primary Care Collaboratives Program being examples. …

Biology Of Sexual Dysfunction, Anil Kumar Nagaraj, Nagesh Brahmavar Pai, Satheesh Rao, Telkar Srinvasarao Rao, Nishant Goyal

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Sexual activity is a multifaceted activity, involving complex interactions between the nervous system, the endocrine system, the vascular system and a variety of structures that are instrumental in sexual excitement, intercourse and satisfaction. Sexual function has three components i.e., desire, arousal and orgasm. Many sexual dysfunctions can be categorized according to the phase of sexual response that is affected. In actual clinical practice however, sexual desire, arousal and orgasmic difficulties more often than not coexist, suggesting an integration of phases. Sexual dysfunction can result from a wide variety of psychological and physiological causes including derangements in the levels of sex …

Prescription Medication Borrowing And Sharing: Risk Factors And Management, Janette Ellis, Judy Mullan

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background Prescription medication borrowing and sharing is a behaviour that has been identified in patients of all ages. This behaviour is recognised by medical researchers and government health authorities as a potential risk factor in adverse drug events across the community. Objective This article discusses prescription medication borrowing and sharing and identifies populations more likely to participate in this behaviour. It also focuses on the classes of drugs identified in the research literature as those being more likely to be borrowed or shared. Discussion Prescription medication borrowing and sharing behaviours have been associated with several risk factors such as polypharmacy …

Etiology And Management Of Sexual Dysfunction, Anil Kumar Nagaraj, Nagesh Brahmavar Pai, Raveesh Bevinahallli Nanjegowda, Rajendra Rajagopal, Narendra Kumar Shivarudrappa, Nayeema Siddika

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Sexual dysfunction is the impairment or disruption of any of the three phases of normal sexual functioning, including loss of libido, impairment of physiological arousal and loss, delay or alteration of orgasm. Each one of these can be affected by an orchestra of factors like senility, medical and surgical illnesses, medications and drugs of abuse. Non-pharmacological therapy is the main stay in the treatment of sexual dysfunction and drugs are used as adjuncts for a quicker and better result. Management in many of the cases depends on the primary cause. Here is a review of the major etiological factors of …

A Comparative Study Of Sexual Dysfunction Involving Risperidone, Quetiapine, And Olanzapine, Anil Kumar Nagaraj, Nagesh B. Pai, Satheesh Rao

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background: With the advent of newer antipsychotic drugs, side effects such as sexual dysfunction have been a major contributor toward treatment compliance. There are only a few studies that have compared different atypical antipsychotic agents regarding sexual dysfunction. We have not come across any data in this area on Indian population. Aims: To determine and compare the frequency of sexual dysfunction associated with risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine, among patients with clinically stable schizophrenia. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. The subjects were recruited for the study by the purposive sampling technique. Materials and Methods: The total sample …

The Effect Of Vasoconstrictors On Oxygen Consumption In Resting And Contracting Skeletal Muscle Of The Autologous Pump-Perfused Rat Hindlimb, Andrew Hoy, Peter L. Mclennan, Gregory E. Peoples

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Glutathione And Catalase Suppress Tgfß-Induced Cataract-Related Changes In Cultured Rat Lenses And Lens Epithelial Explants, Coral G. Chamberlain, Kylie J. Mansfield, Anna Cerra

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: The damaging effects of oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-induced transdifferentiation of lens epithelial cells have both been implicated independently in the etiology of cataract. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of antioxidant systems in the lens influences the ability of lens epithelial cells to respond to TGFβ.

Methods: Whole lenses from young rats were cultured with or without TGFβ in the presence or absence of reduced glutathione (GSH). Lens epithelial explants from weanling rats were used to investigate the effects of GSH and catalase on TGFβ-induced cataract-related changes. Lenses were monitored for …

A Review Of Anatomy Education In Australasian Medical Schools, Noel Tait, Steven J. Craig, Darryl J. Mcandrew, Christos Georgiou

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Changes to medical education in Australia include a proliferation of medical schools, shorter courses, shifts toward problem-based learning, and large-scale medical knowledge expansion. Students also spend less time on university campuses and more time at clinical teaching sites which are often non-specialised, regional and remote from the parent university. These changes leave little room for teaching anatomy as a pure discipline.

Embryonic Striatal Grafts Restore Bi-Directional Synaptic Plasticity In A Rodent Model Of Huntington's Disease, David M. Mazzocchi-Jones, Mate Dobrossy, Stephen Dunnett

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Embryonic striatal grafts integrate with the host striatal circuitry, forming anatomically appropriate connections capable of influencing host behaviour. In addition, striatal grafts can influence host behaviour via a variety of non-specific, trophic and pharmacological mechanisms; however, direct evidence that recovery is dependent on circuit reconstruction is lacking. Recent studies suggest that striatal grafts alleviate simple motor deficits, and also that learning of complex motor skills and habits can also be restored. However, although the data suggest that such 're-learning' requires integration of the graft into the host striatal circuitry, little evidence exists to demonstrate that such integration includes functional synaptic …

Atp Release During Cystometry In Women With Detrusor Overactivity And Painful Bladder Syndrome: Contribution To 'Urgency'?, Elizabeth Burcher, Kylie J. Mansfield, W Allan, C Walsh, Kate H. Moore, Ying Cheng

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

ATP is an important signalling molecule whose release from the bladder urothelium in response to stretch is thought to stimulate afferent nerves and thus convey information about bladder fullness (and the sensation of urgency). Our aim was to measure the release of ATP during urodynamic filling of bladders of women with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (DO), painful bladder syndrome (PBS) and stress incontinence (controls), in order to test the hypothesis that ATP release might play a role in bladder function and/or dysfunction.

Dietary Fish Oil Is Anti-Hypertrophic But Does Not Enhance Post-Ischemic Myocardial Function In Female Mice, Catherine E. Huggins, Claire L. Curl, Ruchi Patel, Peter L. Mclennan, Mandy L. Theiss, Thierry Pedrazzini, Salvatore Pepe, Lea M.D. Delbridge

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Clinically and experimentally, a case for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) cardioprotection in females has not been clearly established. The goal of this study was to investigate whether dietary omega-3 PUFA supplementation could provide ischemic protection in female mice with an underlying genetic predisposition to cardiac hypertrophy. Mature female transgenic mice (TG) with cardiac-specific overexpression of angiotensinogen that develop normotensive cardiac hypertrophy and littermate wild-type (WT) mice were fed a fish oil-derived diet (FO) or PUFA-matched control diet (CTR) for 4 wk. Myocardial membrane lipids, ex vivo cardiac performance (intraventricular balloon) after global no-flow ischemia and reperfusion (15/30 min), and …

Media Reporting Of Health Interventions: Signs Of Improvement, But Major Problems Persist, Amanda J. Wilson, Billie Bonevski, Alison L. Jones, David Henry

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background: Studies have persistently shown deficiencies in medical reporting by the mainstream media. We have been monitoring the accuracy and comprehensiveness of medical news reporting in Australia since mid 2004. This analysis of more than 1200 stories in the Australian media compares different types of media outlets and examines reporting trends over time.

Methods and Findings: Between March 2004 and June 2008 1230 news stories were rated on a national medical news monitoring web site, Media Doctor Australia. These covered a variety of health interventions ranging from drugs, diagnostic tests and surgery to dietary and complementary therapies. Each story was …

Emerging Aspects Of Assessing Lead Poisoning In Childhood, Alison L. Jones

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Toxicology, Alison L. Jones

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Introduction Poisoning is one of the commonest medical emergencies in the UK and accounts for 10%-20% of acute medical admissions. The most common causes of poisoning in the UK are outlined in Table 13.1. Assessing poisoned patients and managing them is an exciting challenge because they often have complex psychosocial issues, together with general medical problems, and have taken toxins in sizeable doses. They require the best of clinical skills to provide the best outcome. Sadly, poisoned patients do not always meet with the sympathies of admitting doctors because th? ~ay be perceived to have "self-inflicted illness." This is a …

A Tale Of Two Towns: Observations On Risk Perception Of Environmental Lead Exposure In Port Pirie And Esperance, Australia, Jane S. Heyworth, Chris Reynolds, Alison L. Jones

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Environmental lead exposure in Port Pire, South Australia and Esperance, Western Australia led to differing perceptions of risk among these communities. This paper describes our observations of the social and economic context of these cases of environmental lead exposure and how this influenced responses among the community. Lead had been transported out of the Esperance Port since 2005. However, much of the community was unaware of this until it became public as part of the investigation into bird deaths in the local environment. Esperance saw itself as an idyllic rural community, with a sound economic basis, but removed from the …

Audit Vs. Qualitatssicherung - Versuch Einer Vergleichenden Beurteilung, Hans D. Dahl

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

The term audit occurs regularly in the vocabulary of Anglo-Saxon corrugated surgeons and used with great reverence. The surgical associations have published guidelines for the implementation of audit. The theoretical approaches are similar to the German quality assurance considerations. In this work will investigate to what extent the published audit requirements be implemented in everyday life.

Viszeralchirurgische Versorgung In England, Neuseeland Und Australien Im Vergleich Zu Deutschland , Hans D. Dahl

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

After more than 35 years in the German health system, including 15 years as senior consultant, and more than 3 years in Anglo-Saxon distinct countries, be differences of surgical patient care aware. Differences of care should are worked out the patients, the young surgeon and the experienced specialist / senior doctor regarding this presentation. Until the 1990s Germany was proudly on a system that allowed a surgical treatment for each patient within a short time. Planning and operations primarily in doctor's hands were until then. The influence of managers and politicians became increasingly larger. In Germany, there is no long-term …

The Use Of Oseltamivir During An Influenza B Outbreak In A Chronic Care Hospital, Holly Seale, Kathryn M. Weston, Dominic E. Dwyer, Mengzhi Zhu, Lisa J. Allchin, Robert Booy, C Rainia Macintyre

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background Residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities are at a higher risk of outbreaks of influenza and of serious complications of influenza than those in the community. In late July 2005, a 90-bed chronic care psycho-geriatric hospital in Sydney, Australia, reported cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) occurring amongst its residents.

Methods An investigation to confirm the outbreak, and its cause, was undertaken. Influenza vaccination levels amongst residents, and the effects of antiviral drugs used for prevention and treatment, were assessed. Oseltamivir was only given to the residents, in the form of both treatment and prophylaxis.

Results A total …

Polymorphisms Of Fractalkine Receptor Cx3cr1 Gene In Patients With Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis, Maria Kimouli, Spiros Miyakis, Petros Georgakopoulos, Eirini Neofytou, Apostolos D. Achimastos, Demetrios A. Spandidos

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Aim: The chemokine fractalikine is expresses in vascular endothelium, exerting a pro-atherogenic effect. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CX3CR1 gene (T280M and V2491) affect fractalkine receptor expression and function. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CX3CR1 polymorphisms and the asociation with ischemic cerebrovascular attacts in a cohort of carotid atheromatous disease patients and age-matched controls.

Methods: Using PCR-RFLP, we analyzed allelotypes for T280M and V249I in 150 patients with and 151 controls without carotid atherosclerosis assessed using carotid duplex ultrasound; the sugjects were patients admitted for any reason to a tertiary hospital. Genotype data were compared with modifiable risk …

Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome Causing Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Melanie Figtree, Spiros Miyakis, Kumiko Tanaka, Linda Martin, Pamela Konecny, Steven Krilis

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome is an idiosyncratic reaction to this drug and can present with different clinical manifestations of varying severity. We describe a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as an adverse reaction to dapsone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time it has been described in the literature. She presented with fever, rash and abdominal pain; she also had marked eosinophilia and features suggestive of oxidative haemolysis. Her course was complicated by DIC, splenic infarction and gastrointestinal bleeding. Extensive investigations did not reveal any alternative aetiology. She was initially treated with supportive measures and folic …

Measuring The Combinatorial Expression Of Solute Transporters And Metalloproteinases Transcripts In Colorectal Cancer., Caroline A. Kerr, Robert Dunne, Barney Hines, Michelle Zucker, Leah Cosgrove, Andrew Ruszkiewicz, Trevor Lockett, Richard Head

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background It was hypothesised that colorectal cancer (CRC) could be diagnosed in biopsies by measuring the combined expression of a small set of well known genes. Genes were chosen based on their role in either the breakdown of the extracellular matrix or with changes in cellular metabolism both of which are associated with CRC progression Findings Gene expression data derived from quantitative real-time PCR for the solute transporter carriers (SLCs) and the invasion-mediating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined using a Linear Descriminant Analysis (LDA). The combination of MMP-7 and SLC5A8 was found to be the most predictive of CRC. Conclusion …

The Effect Of An Exon 12 Polymorphism Of The Human Thromboxane Synthase (Cyp5a1) Gene In Stroke Patients, Maria Kimouli, Viktoras Gourvas, Xanthippi Konstantoudaki, Maria Basta, Spiros Miyakis, Demetrios A. Spandidos

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background: To examine the prevalence of an exon 12 polymorphism on the human Thromboxane synthase (CYP5A1) gene.

Material/Methods: Using sequence-specific PCR, we examined the allelic prevalence in 237 Greek patients with ischemic strokes and in 171 controls. In addition, we compared the CYP5A1 allelic prevalence in 71 patients with stroke recurrence despite Aspirin use, in comparison with patients who have not experienced recurrent stroke while taking Aspirin.

Results: The frequencies of the CYP5A1*9mutant (substitution of guanine by adenine near the heme-binding catalytic domain) and of the wild-type allele were 0.197 and 0.803, respectively; they did not differ significantly between stroke …

Antipsychotics And Sexual Dysfunction: Sexual Dysfunction: Part Iii, Anil Kumar Mysore Nagaraj, Nagesh Pai, Satheesh Rao

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Satisfying sexual experience is an essential part of a healthy and enjoyable life for most people. Antipsychotic drugs are among the various factors that affect optimal sexual functioning. Both conventional and novel antipsychotics are associated with significant sexual side effects. This review has presented various studies comparing different antipsychotic drugs. Dopamine antagonism, increased serum prolactin, serotonergic, adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms are all proposed to be the mechanisms for sexual dysfunction. Drug treatment for this has not given satisfactory long-term results. Knowledge of the receptor pharmacology of an individual antipsychotic will help to determine whether it is more or less likely …

Prolonged N-Acetylcysteine Therapy In Late Acetaminophen Poisoning Associated With Acute Liver Failure--A Need To Be More Cautious?, T Nimmi, C Athuraliya, Alison L. Jones

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Since the 1970s, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has shown proven efficacy as an antidote for acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning and APAP-induced liver failure for early presenters. The current evidence of benefits of NAC for late presenters is controversial because of the poor understanding of the mechanism of late toxicity. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Yang and colleagues use a mouse model to demonstrate that NAC in doses similar to those used therapeutically to treat APAP poisoning in humans impairs liver regenerative capacity and that the effect is more pronounced when administered for a longer duration. Studies based on cell cultures support …

Sources And Coverage Of Medical News On Front Pages Of Us Newspapers, William Y.Y Lai, Trevor Lane, Alison L. Jones

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background Medical news that appears on newspaper front pages is intended to reach a wide audience, but how this type of medical news is prepared and distributed has not been systematically researched. We thus quantified the level of visibility achieved by front-page medical stories in the United States and analyzed their news sources.

Methodology Using the online resource Newseum, we investigated front-page newspaper coverage of four prominent medical stories, and a high-profile non-medical news story as a control, reported in the US in 2007. Two characteristics were quantified by two raters: which newspaper titles carried each target front-page story (interrater …

Agreement Among Type 2 Diabetes Linkage Studies But A Poor Correlation With Results From Genome-Wide Association Studies, A. Wilton, S. Lillioja

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Little of the genetic basis for type 2 diabetes has been explained, despite numerous genetic linkage studies and the discovery of multiple genes in genome-wide association (GWA) studies. To begin to resolve the genetic component of this disease, we searched for sites at which genetic results had been corroborated in different studies, in the expectation that replication among studies should direct us to the genomic locations of causative genes with more confidence than the results of individual studies. METHODS: We have mapped the physical location of results from 83 linkage reports (for type 2 diabetes and diabetes precursor quantitative …

Managing Mouth And Skin Care Post Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy, Judy Mullan

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

After reading this article, the pharmacist should be able to: • Provide a customer with information about appropriate mouth care during and following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. • Recommend appropriate therapy for gastrointestinal symptoms experienced post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy. • Provide a customer with information about appropriate skin care following chemotherapy/radiotherapy.