Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Intake Of Coffee And Tea And Risk Of Ovarian Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

There is some evidence from case-control studies that coffee consumption might be positively associated with ovarian cancer risk, whereas the epidemiologic evidence regarding tea consumption and ovarian cancer is inconsistent. To date, there have been few prospective studies of these associations. Therefore, we examined ovarian cancer risk in association with both coffee and tea intake in a prospective cohort study of 49,613 Canadian women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) who completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire between 1980 and 1985. Linkages to national mortality and cancer databases yielded data on deaths and cancer incidence, with follow-up ending …

Synergistic Induction Of Ahr Regulated Genes In Developmental Toxicity From Co-Exposure To Two Model Pahs In Zebrafish, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Crystal J. Cockman, Cole W. Matson, Richard T. Di Giulio

Alicia R. Timme-Laragy

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants created by the incomplete combustion of carbon, and are increasing in the environment largely due to the burning of fossil fuels. PAHs occur as complex mixtures, and some combinations have been shown to cause synergistic developmental toxicity in fish embryos, characterized by pericardial edema and craniofacial malformations. Previous studies have indicated that in the zebrafish model, this toxicity is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2), and enhanced by inhibition of CYP1A activity. In this study, we further examined this interaction of the model PAH and AHR agonist β-naphthoflavone (BNF) with and without …

Kualitas Bakteriologis Air Minum Isi Ulang Di Wilayah Kota Bogor, Astri Wulandari Pratiwi

Kesmas

Kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap air minum yang meningkat terutama di perkotaan mendorong tumbuhnya Industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) dan usaha Depot Air Minum (DAM) isi ulang yang siap melayani masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kualitas bakteriologis depot air minum isi ulang di Wilayah Kota Bogor. Jenis penelitian deskriptif, data primer yang digunakan mencakup peralatan yang digunakan pada 27 Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang, pemeriksaan laboratorium total coliform dan E.coli pada air sampel air minum isi ulang, observasi dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bogor tentang lokasi Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air …

Analisis Risiko Asupan Oral Pajanan Mangan Dalam Air Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat, Taufik Ashar

Kesmas

Mangan yang secara alami dapat ditemukan di air, tanah, dan udara adalah zat nutrisi esensial bagi manusia dan hewan. Asupan yang tidak mencukupi atau yang berlebihan dapat gangguan kesehatan. Pajanan kronik mangan pada dosis yang tinggi dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem saraf. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perkiraan risiko kesehatan akibat asupan mangan dari air sumur di wilayah penelitian. Penelitian dengan disain crossectional ini dilakukan terhadap masyarakat di wilayah sekitar TPA Rawakucing yang meliputi masyarakat yang bermukim di dalam kawasan (114 orang), dan di luar kawasan TPA (177 orang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsentrasi mangan dalam air sumur di wilayah …

Parental Smoking As Health-Risk Factors Of Indoor Air Pollution, Rachmadi Purwana

Kesmas

Pengaruh dari kebisaan merokok terhadap gejala gangguan pernapasan telah banyak diteliti. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari disertasi doktoral berdasarkan studi potong lintang mengenai kesehatan lingkungan di perumahan kumuh di Jakarta, ibukota Indonesia yang dikenal tinggi polusi udaranya. Studi ini menemukan bahwa di samping faktor-faktor lain, merokok adalah faktor risiko kesehatan untuk gangguan pernapasan pada 263 balita di wilayah penelitian. Anak-anak yang direkrut tidak menunjukkan gejala gangguan pernapasan pada awal observasi dan diikuti selama dua minggu untuk mendeteksi kemunculan gangguan pernapasan. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kondisi fisik perumahan dan aktifitas rumah tangga juga dicatat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pengendalian konfounder. Cut-off …

Lingkungan Fisik Kamar Tidur Dan Pneumonia Pada Anak Balita Di Puskesmas Kawalu Kota Tasikmalaya, Nur Widodo

Kesmas

Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia termasuk di Kota Tasikmalaya. Diperkirakan proporsi penyakit pneumonia bayi adalah 16,4%, dan pada balita adalah 25%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian pneumonia pada balita dengan faktor lingkungan fisik kamar tidur dan karakteristik anak. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control. Sampel sebanyak 300 responden terdiri dari 150 orang kasus dan 150 orang kontrol. Dari hasil uji multivariat tanpa interaksi, faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian penyakit pneumonia pada anak balita adalah status gizi dengan nilai B 1,799 dan OR = 6,041 (CI 95%=1,607-22,713). Sedangkan hasil uji interaksi diperoleh …

Concurrent Panel Session 2: Health Challenges Facing Las Vegas, Carlos Brandenburg, Shawn Gerstenberger, Zaven Khachaturian, John Mcdonald, Dennis Pirages, Thom Reilly, Kathy Silver, Bonnie Sorenson, Carolyn B. Yucha, Maurizio Trevisan

Shaping the Future of Southern Nevada: Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability

Moderator: Marcia Turner, NSHE Health Science System Scribe: Candace Griffith, UNLV Department of Sociology Conference white paper & Full summary of panel session, 8 pages

Glycaemic Index, Glycaemic Load And Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

There is some evidence that plasma insulin levels might influence ovarian cancer risk. Glyacemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are measures that allow the carbohydrate content of individual foods to be classified according to their postprandial glycaemic effects and hence their effects on circulating insulin levels. Therefore, we examined ovarian cancer risk in association with GI and GL, and intake of dietary carbohydrate and sugar. Methods

The study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 49 613 Canadian women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) who completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) between 1980 and 1985. …

The Epidemiology And Economics Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, David M. Mannino, S. Braman

David M. Mannino

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease responsible for a large human and economic burden around the world. Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for COPD in the developed world, although other important risk factors include occupational exposures, air pollution, airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma, and genetic predisposition. In most of the world, COPD prevalence and mortality continue to rise in response to increases in smoking, particularly by women and adolescents. COPD is also an important cause of disability, and is linked to comorbid diseases, such as depression and cardiovascular disease, which adds to the large economic …

Writing The World: Ursula K. Le Guin And Margaret Atwood’S Literary Contributions To Ecofeminism, Melissa Messer

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Along with the philosophical writings of ecofeminism’s greatest proponents and critics, the growth of ecofeminist philosophy has relied heavily on fiction writers. The term ecofeminism was coined in 1975, and the following year ecofeminism found fertile ground for exploration and growth in March Peircy’s science fiction novel, Woman on the Edge of Time (1976). The social, academic, and literary trends leading up to the emergence of ecofeminism, however, began well before 1975. Both Ursula K. Le Guin and Margaret Atwood are speculative fiction authors whose work before and after 1975 examines important ecofeminist topics and contributes to the growth of …

Rural Utility Cooperative (Ruc): Final Evaluation Report, Steven Konkel

Reports

No abstract provided.

Rural Utility Cooperative (Ruc) Final Evaulation Report: Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (Anthc), R. Konkel

Steve Konkel

The Rural Utility Cooperative (RUC) Final Evaluation is designed to answer several interrelated

questions:

• Is the RUC working as envisioned?

• Is it making an impact in the RUC Communities?

• Are the RUC Communities better off than the Non-RUC communities?

Suppression Of Peroxisomal Enzyme Activities And Cytochrome P450 4a Isozyme Expression By Congeneric Polybrominated And Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Larry W. Robertson, Isabelle Berberian, Tim Borges, Li-Chuan Chen, Ching K. Chow, Howard P. Glauert, Johannes G. Filser, Helmut Thomas

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PCBs and PBBs on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-(PPARalpha-) associated enzyme activities or protein levels. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single IP injection (150 mu mol/kg) of either 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl, 2',3,3',4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, or 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl in corn oil (10 ml/kg). One week later, the activities of catalase, peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, and peroxisomal beta-oxidation as well as cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) protein content were determined in subcellular liver fractions. None of the peroxisomal enzyme activities were significantly increased by any of the halogenated biphenyl congeners tested. Except for minor …

Alien Crustacean Decapods From The Aegean Coast Of Turkey, M. Baki Yokes, S. Ünsal Karhan, Erdogan Okus, Ahsen Yüksek, Asli Aslan, I. Noyan Yilmaz, Nazli Demirel, Volkan Demir, Bella S. Galil

Asli Aslan

Thirty of the 33 alien decapod crustacean species that have been reported off the Turkish Mediterranean coast are believed to have invaded the region via the Suez Canal, but only three of the species have been recorded along the Turkish Aegean coast. The marine biota of Gökova Bay, Datça Peninsula and Gulf of Fethiye, on the southern Aegean coast of Turkey, was studied by diving between 2002 and 2006. Of the eight Erythrean alien decapod species collected there, five constitute new records for the Aegean Sea and three are newly recorded from the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea.

Pengaruh Iklim Terhadap Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue, Margareta Maria Sintorini

Kesmas

Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) telah menjadi penyakit endemik di kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Ramalan Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change tahun 1996 menyebutkan insidens DBD di Indonesia dapat meningkat tiga kali lipat pada tahun 2070. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuat model dinamika sistem dengan analisis ekologi untuk mengetahui dinamika kejadian DBD dalam kaitan dengan pola variablitas iklim di DKI Jakarta. Rancangan penelitian digunakan adalah ecologic study dengan uji hipotesis, permodelan, simulasi, dan intervensi. Wawancara terhadap 844 responden untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku (PSP) masyarakat. Pengukuran faktor iklim meliputi curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya, dan kadar CO2. Aspek …

The Kentucky Plan Revisited: Lessons Learned From An Innovative Doctoral Education Program., Joel M. Lee, F. Douglas Scutchfield, Raymond Hill

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

In the first doctoral education special issue of the Journal of Health Administration Education, the authors presented the University of Kentucky College of Public Health's plans for an innovative new Doctor of Public Health (Dr. P.H.) degree. The degree as designed, prepares graduates for professional practice, and included extensive supervised field experience as part of the academic training linking theory with practice. Based upon the interest that the Kentucky Dr.P.H. degree program received, the authors will share the experience of the degree's initial years of operation through a "lessons learned" paper. As the program evolved there have been many lessons …

Copd And Lung Cancer Have Come A Long Way...Baby, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

The growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women: examining sex differences in cigarette smoke metabolism.

http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.200704-590ED

Why De Minimis?, Matthew D. Adler

All Faculty Scholarship

De minimis cutoffs are a familiar feature of risk regulation. This includes the quantitative “individual risk” thresholds for fatality risks employed in many contexts by EPA, FDA, and other agencies, such as the 1-in-1 million lifetime cancer risk cutoff; extreme event cutoffs for addressing natural hazards, such as the 100-year-flood or 475-year-earthquake; de minimis failure probabilities for built structures; the exclusion of low-probability causal models; and other policymaking criteria. All these tests have a common structure, as I show in the Article. A de minimis test, broadly defined, tells the decisionmaker to determine whether the probability of some outcome is …

Strategic Planning For Environmental Stewardship At Eastern Kentucky University, Steven Konkel, Robert S. Weise, Alan Banks, Danita Lasage, Joseph Beck, James Street, Charles L. Elliott, Barbara Szubinska, Robert B. Frederick, Melinda S. Wilder, Robert Huston, Rebecca Jones, Alice L. Jones, Kyle Moon

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

The 2006-2010 Strategic Plan for Eastern Kentucky University, under Strategic Direction 5.4, mandates the formulation of a plan to guide the University toward greater environmental stewardship. The creation and implementation of that plan is the charge of the Eastern Committee on Responsible Environmental Stewardship (ECRES), which was formed in September of 2005. On October 27th, 2006, ECRES hosted a Strategic Planning Workshop. This workshop brought together a wide range of participants, including elected officials, college and university representatives, and interested citizens. The result was a broad consensus in the identification of environmental goals and objectives toward which EKU should strive.

Strategic Planning For Environmental Stewardship At Eastern Kentucky University, Steven Konkel, Dr. Robert Weise, Dr. Alan Banks, Dr. Danita Lasage, Professor Joseph Beck, James Street, Dr. Charles Elliott, Professor Barbara Szubinska, Dr. Robert Frederick, Dr. Melinda Wilder, Dr. Robert Huston, Rebecca Jones, Dr. Alice Jones, Kyle Moon

Steve Konkel

The 2006-2010 Strategic Plan for Eastern Kentucky University, under Strategic Direction 5.4, mandates the formulation of a plan to guide the University toward greater environmental stewardship. The creation and implementation of that plan is the charge of the Eastern Committee on Responsible Environmental Stewardship (ECRES), which was formed in September of 2005. On October 27th, 2006, ECRES hosted a Strategic Planning Workshop. This workshop brought together a wide range of paticipants, including elected officials, college and university representatives, and interested citizens. The result was a broad consenus in the identification of environmental goals and objectives toward which EKU should strive.

Oversight Hearings On Science And Environmental Regulatory Decisions, David Michaels

Health Policy and Management Congressional Testimonies

No abstract provided.

Blood-Lead Monitoring Exposure To Leaded-Gasoline Among School Children In Jakarta, Indonesia 2005, Budi Haryanto

Kesmas

Bensin dengan kandungan logam berat timbal digunakan sebagai bahan bakar utama kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia sejak beberapa dekade. Jakarta, Batam dan Bali yang secara berurutan sudah tidak menggunakannya sejak 2001, 2003 dan 2004. Pengaruh negatif logam berat timbal meliputi penurunan tingkat IQ, gangguan pendengaran, gangguan pertumbuhan, dan menurunkan kadar hemoglobin, masih akan terus berlangsung dan mengancam anak-anak. Studi kadar logam berat timbal dalam darah di Jakarta, tahun 2001, menemukan 5% anak sekolah dasar dengan kadar timbal darah (BLLs) >10 µg/dl, dan 2,4% mempunyai BLL > 20 µg/dl (CDC-USAEP 2001). Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kadar timbal darah anak sekolah dasar di Jakarta, …

Pemanfaatan Air Sungai Dan Infeksi Schistosoma Japonicum Di Napu Poso Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2006, M. Edy Hariyanto

Kesmas

Penyakit schistosomiasis menempati rengking ke dua setelah malaria sebagai masalah sosial ekonomi dan kesehatan masyarakat di daerah tropis dan sub tropis. Prevalensi Schistosomiasis di Napu pada tahun 2004 (1,71%) masih tinggi dan cenderung meningkat. Hal tersebut didukung oleh infection rate pada keong sebagai host intermediet yang tinggi (16.3%) yang menunjukkan bahwa penularan masih terus terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pemanfaatan air sungai/parit dengan infeksi Schistosoma japonicum di Napu Poso Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian dengan disain studi kasus kontrol ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder hasil survey tinja dan pengamatan dengan metode Katto Katz di Napu tahun 2006. Kasus adalah responden …

Evaluation Of Two Surface Sampling Methods For Detection Of Erwinia Herbicola On A Variety Of Materials By Culture And Quantitative Pcr, Mark P. Buttner, Patrica Cruz, Linda Stetzenbach, Tracy Cronin

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

This research was designed to evaluate surface sampling protocols for use with culture and quantitative PCR (QPCR) amplification assay for detection of the gram-negative bacterial biothreat simulant Erwinia herbicola on a variety of surface materials. Surfaces selected for evaluation were wood laminate, glass and computer monitor screens, metal file cabinets, plastic arena seats, nylon seat cushions, finished concrete flooring, and vinyl tile flooring. Laboratory and test chamber studies were performed to evaluate two sampling methods, a sponge and a macrofoam swab, for detection of E. herbicola on surface materials. In laboratory trials, seven materials were inoculated with a known concentration …

Biomass Combustion And Ari In Kiwengwa, Unguja, Eric Fournier, Nicole Poepping

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

A study was undertaken investigating the relationship between biomass cook stove usage practices in Kiwengwa, Unguja and the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) amongst individuals participating in household cooking activities. In each household, the incidence of ARI was determined via semi-structured interviews conducted with the primary cooker. Additionally, measurements and observations of: biomass cook stove efficiency, stove usage behaviors, and the physical cooking environment were obtained. Statistical analysis was then performed to assess the nature and significance of relationships between variables in the three cook stove usage categories and the stated incidence of ARI within the sample households. Data …

No Evidence For Acid-Catalyzed Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation In Power Plant Plumes Over Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, Richard E. Peltier, A. P. Sullivan, R. J. Weber, A. G. Wollny, J. S. Holloway, C. A. Brock, J. A. De Gouw, E. L. Atlas

Richard E. Peltier

Aircraft-based measurements of the water-soluble fraction of fine PM organic carbon (WSOC) and inorganic salt composition in the Atlanta, GA region were conducted in the summer of 2004. Five notable plumes of SO2, apparently from coal-fired power plants, were intercepted, and had NH4 +/SO42 molar ratios ranging from approximately 0.8 to 1.4 compared to molar ratios near 2 outside of the plumes. Sulfate aerosol concentrations increased from a regional background of 5–8 mg m 3 to as high as 19.5 mg m 3 within these plumes. No increase in WSOC concentrations was observed in plumes compared to out-of plumes within …

Avoiding Bias In The Annualized Rate Of Changed Of Fev1, David M. Mannino, Matthew M. Reichert, Kourtney J. Davis

David M. Mannino

No abstract provided.

Adrb2 Arg16gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, And Mortality: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Community Study, Jill M. Ferdinands, David M. Mannino, Marta L. Gwinn, Molly S. Bray

David M. Mannino

Background

Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Methodology and Principal Findings

We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 …

Characterization Of Alanine Aminotransferase And Transaldolase In T. Brucei, Diana Spitznagel

Doctoral

T. brucei is the causative agent of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. The parasite is transmitted by the tsetse fly, which is endemic in many areas of Africa. Considerable metabolic changes occur between the two life cycle stages, the procyclic fly form (PCF) and the mammalian bloodstream form (BSF). This work focuses on two enzymes of T. brucei (1) Transaldolase (TbTA) is part of the pentose phosphate pathway. The pathway is complete in the PCFS, but show abnormalities in the BSF. In particular, the enzymes preceding and succeeding the TbTA reaction are not detectable in BSF. This …

Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah, Respon Biologis Dan Kejadian Tbc Paru Di Indonesia, A. H. Mahpudin, Renti Mahkota

Kesmas

Sampai kini, Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di dunia. Menurut laporan WHO, di seluruh dunia setiap tahun ditemukan sekitar 8 juta kasus baru. Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang kasus TBC terbesar ketiga setelah India dan Cina dengan perkiraan jumlah kasus pada 2003 adalah 627.047 penderita dan 281.946 kasus merupakan TBC paru BTA positif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi lingkungan rumah, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor respon biologis terhadap kejadian TBC paru BTA positif pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Prevalensi TBC Nasional dan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun …