Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Differential Expression Of Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 4 In Tissues Of The Human Female Reproductive Tract, Patricia A. Pioli, Eyal Amiel, Todd M. Schaefer, John E. Connolly, Charles R. Wira, Paul M. Guyre
Differential Expression Of Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 4 In Tissues Of The Human Female Reproductive Tract, Patricia A. Pioli, Eyal Amiel, Todd M. Schaefer, John E. Connolly, Charles R. Wira, Paul M. Guyre
Dartmouth Scholarship
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction is a central component of the innate immune response to pathogenic challenge. Although recent studies have begun to elucidate differences in acquired immunity in tissues of the human female reproductive tract, there is a relative paucity of work regarding innate defense mechanisms. We investigated TLR mRNA and protein expression in tissues of the human female reproductive tract. Constitutive mRNA expression of TLRs 1 to 6 was observed in fallopian tubes, uterine endometrium, cervix, and ectocervix. Furthermore, transcripts of the signaling adapter MyD88 and the accessory molecule CD14 were also detected in all tissues assayed. Quantitative …
Identification Of Sarv (Sa2062), A New Transcriptional Regulator, Is Repressed By Sara And Mgra (Sa0641) And Involved In The Regulation Of Autolysis In Staphylococcus Aureus, Adhar C. Manna, Susham S. Ingavale, Marybeth Maloney, Willem Van Wamel, Ambrose L. Cheung
Identification Of Sarv (Sa2062), A New Transcriptional Regulator, Is Repressed By Sara And Mgra (Sa0641) And Involved In The Regulation Of Autolysis In Staphylococcus Aureus, Adhar C. Manna, Susham S. Ingavale, Marybeth Maloney, Willem Van Wamel, Ambrose L. Cheung
Dartmouth Scholarship
The expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus is known to be controlled by global regulatory loci, including agr, sarA, sae, arlRS, lytSR, and sarA-like genes. Here we described a novel transcriptional regulator called sarV of the SarA protein family. The transcription of sarV is low or undetectable under in vitro conditions but is significantly augmented in sarA and mgrA (norR or rat) (SA0641) mutants. The sarA and mgrA genes act as repressors of sarV expression, as confirmed by transcriptional fusion and Northern analysis data. Purified SarA and MgrA proteins bound specifically to separate regions of the …
Sadb Is Required For The Transition From Reversible To Irreversible Attachment During Biofilm Formation By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pa14, Nicky C. Caiazza, George A. O'Toole
Sadb Is Required For The Transition From Reversible To Irreversible Attachment During Biofilm Formation By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pa14, Nicky C. Caiazza, George A. O'Toole
Dartmouth Scholarship
Current models of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa propose that (i) planktonic cells become surface associated in a monolayer, (ii) surface-associated cells form microcolonies by clonal growth and/or aggregation, (iii) microcolonies transition to a mature biofilm comprised of exopolysaccharide-encased macrocolonies, and (iv) cells exit the mature biofilm and reenter the planktonic state. Here we report a new class of P. aeruginosa biofilm mutant that defines the transition from reversible to irreversible attachment and is thus required for monolayer formation. The transposon insertion carried by the sadB199 mutant was mapped to open reading frame PA5346 of P. aeruginosa PA14 and encodes …
Combined Tlr And Cd40 Triggering Induces Potent Cd8+ T Cell Expansion With Variable Dependence On Type I Ifn, Cory L. Ahonen, Christie L. Doxsee, Sean M. M. Mcgurran, Tony R. Riter, William F. Wade, Richard J. Barth, John P. Vasilakos, Randolph J. Noelle, Ross M. Kedl
Combined Tlr And Cd40 Triggering Induces Potent Cd8+ T Cell Expansion With Variable Dependence On Type I Ifn, Cory L. Ahonen, Christie L. Doxsee, Sean M. M. Mcgurran, Tony R. Riter, William F. Wade, Richard J. Barth, John P. Vasilakos, Randolph J. Noelle, Ross M. Kedl
Dartmouth Scholarship
Toll-like receptors are important in the activation of innate immunity, and CD40 is a molecule critical for many T and B cell responses. Whereas agonists for either pathway have been used as vaccine adjuvants, we show that a combination of Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and CD40 agonists synergize to stimulate CD8+ T cell responses 10–20-fold greater than the use of either agonist alone. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells elicited from combination CD40/TLR7 treatment demonstrated both lytic activities and interferon (IFN)γ production and an enhanced secondary response to antigenic challenge. Agonists for TLRs 2/6, 3, 4, and 9 also synergized with …
Immune Responses Of Different Mouse Strains After Challenge With Equivalent Lethal Doses Of Toxoplasma Gondii, Y. H. Lee, L. H. Kasper
Immune Responses Of Different Mouse Strains After Challenge With Equivalent Lethal Doses Of Toxoplasma Gondii, Y. H. Lee, L. H. Kasper
Dartmouth Scholarship
Most immunological studies that utilize different strains of inbred mice following T. gondii infection fail to compensate for differences in host susceptibility to the size of the parasite innoculum. To address this concern, susceptible C57BL/6 and resistant CBA/J mice were orally infected with either an equivalent 50 % lethal dose (LD50) of brain cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii (15 cysts in C57BL/6, 400 cysts in CBA/J) or the same dose of parasites in each mouse strain. C57BL/6 mice receiving 400 cysts (LD50 of CBA/J mice) died post infection, whereas CBA/J mice that received 15 …
Inactivation Of A Bacterial Virulence Pheromone By Phagocyte-Derived Oxidants: New Role For The Nadph Oxidase In Host Defense, Jacob M. Rothfork, Graham S. Timmins, Michael N. Harris, Xian Chen, Aldons J. Lusis, Michael Otto, Ambrose L. Cheung, Hattie D. Gresham
Inactivation Of A Bacterial Virulence Pheromone By Phagocyte-Derived Oxidants: New Role For The Nadph Oxidase In Host Defense, Jacob M. Rothfork, Graham S. Timmins, Michael N. Harris, Xian Chen, Aldons J. Lusis, Michael Otto, Ambrose L. Cheung, Hattie D. Gresham
Dartmouth Scholarship
Quorum sensing triggers virulence factor expression in medically important bacterial pathogens in response to a density-dependent increase in one or more autoinducing pheromones. Here, we show that phagocyte-derived oxidants target these autoinducers for inactivation as an innate defense mechanism of the host. In a skin infection model, expression of phagocyte NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase, or inducible nitric oxide synthase was critical for defense against a quorum-sensing pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, but not for defense against a quorum sensing-deficient mutant. A virulence-inducing peptide of S. aureus was inactivated in vitro and in vivo by reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, including HOCl and ONOO(-). …