Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cetacean Brain Evolution: Multiplication Generates Complexity, Lori Marino

Anatomy Collection

Over the past 55-60 million years cetacean (dolphin, whale, and porpoise) brains have become hyperexpanded so that modern cetacean encephalization levels are second only to modern humans. At the same time, brain expansion proceeded along very different lines than in other large-brained mammals so that substantial differences between modern cetacean brains and other mammalian brains exist at every level of brain organization. Perhaps the most profound difference between cetacean and other mammalian brains is in the architecture of the neocortex. Cetaceans possess a unique underlying neocortical organizational scheme that is particularly intriguing in light of the fact that cetaceans exhibit …

Retinol Improves Bovine Embryonic Development In Vitro, Tracy Livingston, Dawn Eberhardt, J. Lannett Edwards, James Godkin

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Retinoids are recognized as important regulators of vertebrate development, cell differentiation, and tissue function. Previous studies, performed both in vivo and in vitro, indicate that retinoids influence several reproductive events, including follicular development, oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. The present study evaluated in vitro effects of retinol addition to media containing maturing bovine oocytes and developing embryos in both a low oxygen atmosphere (7%) and under atmospheric oxygen conditions (20%). In the first experiment, abbatoir collected bovine oocytes were matured in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of retinol. After a 22–24 hour maturation period the oocytes …

Animal Health Matters, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

Head/Director's Message [Page] 1- ADRDL invited to join the NAHLN Diagnostic News [Page] 1- Bovine genital trichomoniasis in western SD [Page] 2- Testing milk for mastitis at ADRDL [Page] 2- Poultry biosecurity [Page] 2- Veterinary poultry specialists sought Research News [Page] 2- VSD/ADRDL professor receives grant to establish research center Extension News [Page] 3- Are white tail deer a threat for spreading BVDV in cattle? [Page] 3- Liver copper concentration in calves [Page] 4- Calendar of events [Page] 4- Holiday hours

Growth Stimulation Of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma And Their Cells Of Origin By "Chemopreventive" Agents That Increase Intracellular Camp, Hussein Abdulhadi Nasser Al-Wadei

Doctoral Dissertations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality for men and women in the United States, with a high mortality rate and a five-year survival rate of less than 15%. Cancer ranks second as a cause of death for Americans after cardiovascular disease. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reported 171,900 new cases of lung cancer for 2003 (ACS, 2003). Peripheral adenocarcinoma (PAC) of the lung has increased dramatically over the last 20 years and is the leading histological type of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers in industrialized countries, including the United States. Among the four main histological lung …

Ultrastructural Changes In Porcine Oocytes After Ultrarapid Freezing, Adisorn Adirekthaworn, Kriengyot Sajjarengpong, Siripen Vethchagarun, Wimon Pothiwong, Mongkol Techakumphu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructural changes seen in frozen porcine oocytes at the germinal vesicle and during in vitro maturation when using an ultrarapid freezing technique. The morphological changes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immature oocytes were collected from pig ovaries at a local slaughter house in Nakorn Prathom province. Some oocytes were matured in vitro for 44 hours at 39oC, 5% CO2 with high humidity. All oocytes were divided into four groups; immature (control group), the in vitro maturation group (control group), frozen immature and frozen mature oocytes. Electron microscopy was …

West Nile Virus Blood Transfusion-Related Infection Despite Nucleic Acid Testing, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Brady Beecham, Susan P. Montgomery, Robert S. Lanciotti, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Cristina Giachetti, Larry A. Pietrelli, Susan L. Stramer, Thomas J. Safranek

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

BACKGROUND: A case of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis associated with transfusion of blood that did not react when tested for WNV by minipool (MP) nucleic acid testing (NAT) is described. A Nebraska man developed clinical encephalitis 13 days after surgery and transfusion of 26 blood components. Antibody testing confirmed WNV infection. An investigation was initiated to determine the source of this infection.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The patient’s family members were interviewed to identify risk factors for WNV infection. Residual samples were retested for WNV RNA using transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Blood …

Melan A, Protein Expression As A Diagnostic And Prognostic Factor In Canine Oral Melanomas, Anudep Rungsipipat, Chanin Kulprawit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between Melan A protein expression, histopathological appearance, clinical data and proliferative marker indices for the diagnosis and prognosis of canine oral melanomas. A retrospective study was performed on biopsy specimens of 65 dogs submitted during the years of 2000 to 2003 to the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Our results revealed that Melan A protein expression was detected in 50.77% (33/65) malignant melanomas. The results did not show any significant differences between Melan A protein expression and histopathological classification, clinical data, average AgNORs and PCNA indices. …

The Prevalence And Treatment Of Eyelid Neoplasms In Dogs : 69 Cases (2000-2003), Nalinee Tuntivanich, Pranee Tuntivanich, Santi Wongaumnuaykul, Anudep Rungsipipat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The prevalence and treatment of 69 eyelid masses in dogs at the Ophthalmology clinic, Department of Surgery, Small Animal Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, between November 2000 and November 2003, in relation to breed, sex, age, location, tumor size, histopathological diagnosis and surgical treatment is reported. The average age of the affected dogs was 7.85 years. Mixed breeds, males and the upper eyelid were at a higher risk. The average size of the mass was 6.49 mm. Benign tumors (88.41%) were more frequent than malignant ones (11.59%). Sebaceous gland tumors were more frequently encounted (79.7%) than malignant tumors, malignant melanomas, squamous cell …

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Some Effects Of Organic Acids On The Control Of Salmonella In Broiler Chickens, Indhira Kramomtong, Waree Niyomthum, Nuttee Am-In, Piriya Uttama, Vichuda Quanjai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Three hundred and sixty day-old chicks were used in this study to investigate the effects of organic acids on the control of Salmonella. The chicks were divided into uninoculated and inoculated groups, 180 in each. Both groups were subdivided into 3 further groups of 60 chicks each. The uninoculated, control group comprised of, group 1 : given diluted organic acids 1:1000 via the drinking water, group 2 : given organic acids diluted at 1:2000 and group 3 : given water alone. Each bird in the three inoculated subgroups 4, 5 and 6 were orally dosed with 0.3 ml of brain …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Expression Of C-Erbb2 Oncogene Protein As A Prognostic Factor In Feline Mammary Tumors, Mataya Taweechart, On-Uma Sirayayon, Grisnarong Wongbandue, Supradit Wangnaitham, Achariya Sailasuta, Sudson Sirividhayapong, Anudep Rungsipipat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The study looked at the relationship between the expression of c-erbB2 oncogene protein, histological types, PCNA and AgNORs indices, in feline mammary tumors. Sixty, surgically resected, mammary tumors from cats were collected and histological processed. The expression of c-erbB2 oncogene protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and was seen in benign hyperplasia, adenosis and malignant groups. The c-erbB2 oncogene protein expression in malignant, feline mammary tumors was 41.67% (25/60) which could be divided into simple tubular ACC, 25% (6/24), simple papillary ACC, 78.6% (11/14), solid carcinoma, 26.7% (4/15) and cribiform carcinoma, 57.14% (4/7). There were statistically significantly differences (p<0.05) in the expression of c-erbB2 oncogene protein between simple tubular ACC, compared with simple papillary ACC and solid carcinomas. The expression of c-erbB2 oncogene protein in specimens, classified by histological malignancy grades revealed, grade I, 42.11% and grade II, 41.46% but there was no statistically significant difference between them. An evaluation of a proliferative marker shown by a mean (±SD) of PCNA, was 34.63±23.87 and the mean (±SD) of AgNORs was 1.23±0.18. There was no significant difference between the PCNA and AgNORs index of both the histological types and the histological malignancy grades. However, a statistical difference of mean PCNA and AgNORs indices was noted in both c-erbB2 positive and c-erbB2 negative groups. The mean PCNA indices and AgNORs indices in c-erbB2 positive samples were 26.52±18.68 and 1.12±0.27 respectively, while the c-erbB2 negative ones were 39.43±26.24 and 1.28±0.19 respectively. In conclusion, c-erbB2 oncogene protein expression is considered to be an effective prognostic factor for adenocarcinoma subtypes of feline mammary tumors as it is in human and canine cases. However, integration of all the parameters (c-erbB2 oncogene protein, PCNA index, AgNORs index, histological types and clinical data) may achieve a more precise prognosis in feline, mammary tumor cases.

The Relationship Between Agnors And Pcna Indices, Histopathological Appearance And Clinical Factors, As Prognostic Factor For Canine Oral Melanoma, Anudep Rungsipipat, Siriwalee Ngow, Nipaporn Pattanathaiyanom, Nipaporn Pattanathaiyanom, Porntipa Lertrattanachaikul, Khanchit Pongpech, Chanin Kulprawit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationship between histopathological appearance and clinical data, Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) and Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) indices in canine oral melanoma. A retrospective study was performed on biopsy specimens from 67 dogs submitted over the year 2000 to 2003 to the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Our results showed that the average AgNORs index did not show any significant differences with histopathological characteristics and Masson-Fontana Silver (MFS) stain but the AgNORs index showed significant differences when compared with histological grading and tumor diameter size (p < 0.05). The average PCNA index did not show significant differences with histopathological characteristics, grading, and MFS stain but did not show significant differences with the sex of affected dogs and tumor diameter size (p < 0.05). AgNORs and PCNA indices might be useful as a prognostic factor for oral melanoma in dogs

In Vitro Effects Of Sodium Hypochlorite, Trisodium Phosphate And Organic Acids On The Decontamination Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis On Chicken Skin, Rungtip Chuanchuen, Chailai Koowatananukul, Valasinee Rugkhaw, Thanis Damrongwatanapokin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of five chemical disinfectants, including sodium hypochlorite (CL), trisodium phosphate (TSP) and organic acids; acetic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and lactic acid (LA), in reducing of the contamination level of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) on chicken skin. Chicken drumsticks were artificially contaminated with the kanamycin resistant S. Enteritidis (SEnKmr) to obtain 105-106 CFU/cm2. The five disinfectants used were: CL; 25, 50 and 100 ppm, TSP; 4, 8 and 12%, AA, LA and CA; 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4%. The disinfectants were applied by either dipping for 1, 3 and 5 …

A Comparative Study On The Isolation Of Ureaplasma Diversum From The Vulvae Of The Cattle, Using Three Different Culture Media, Junpen Suwimonteerabutr, Prachin Virakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimum culture media for Ureaplasma diversum. The study used 3 culture media, TR broth and differential A 7 agar (1), Boston broth and differential A7 agar (2) and differential A7 agar (3). The samples were collected from the vulvae of 15 cows that had a reddish, mucosal, vulva lesion and 15 cows without the lesion. A liquid culture media was prepared using the serial, tenfold, dilutionmethod to avoid contamination from other microflora. The type of U. diversum was determined using A7 agar mixed with manganese sulfate. Positive results were observed …

Multidrug Efflux Systems (Mes): A Mechanism Of Resistance To Multidrug In Bacteria, Rungtip Chuanchuen, Herbert P. Schweizer

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with a global dimension. While the mechanisms of resistance vary from agent to agent, most of them are agent specific, providing resistance to a single or a class of anitimicrobials. Multidrug efflux systems have currently emerged as a predominant cause of antimicrobial resistance across a broad spectrum of structurally - unrelated antimicrobials. Efflux-mediated resistance is promoted by the exclusion of agents from the systems, resulting in reduced intracellular concentration of drugs. MES occur in many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including medically important pathogens, therefore they are of significant concern. Expression of the systems …

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Pranee Tuntivanich, Suwicha Chuthateph

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Results Of Using Pumices As A Bedding In Broiler Chicken House, Somsak Pakpinyo, Boonrit Thongsong, Thawat Lekdumrongsak, Somporn Wangsoongnoen, Suthep Ruangwises

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of this experiment was to compare the rice hull and pumice litter when used as bedding in a broiler chicken house. Seven hundred and fourteen 1-day-old, broiler chicks were divided equally into 2 groups. Group 1 raised on rice hulls and group 2 on pumice litter. Each group had 3 replicates, 119 birds in each. The average body weight gain and the feed intake during days 1-42 were observed in order to calculate the feed conversion rate (FCR). At 16, 28, and 42 days, 10 birds from each replicate were bled for their antibody titer responses to Newcastle …

The Characterization Of Clays And Cetylpyridiniumexchanged Clays For Their Ability To Adsorb Zearalenone, Komkrich Pimpukdee, Bundit Tengjaroenkul, Prapansak Chaveerach, Benjamas Mhosatanun

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The adsorption of zearalenone (ZEN) onto Ca-montmorillonite (STx-1), Na-montmorillonite (SWy-2), acid-activated montmorillonite (AAM), clinoptilolite and cetylpyridinium (CP) exchanged clays was studied. The results indicated that CP-exchanged clays were more effective than unmodified base clays in adsorbing ZEN, i. e. STx-1 (7.4±2.3 mg/g) < clinoptilolite (7.6±1.1 mg/g) < AAM (10.0±0.0 mg/g) < SWy-2 (11.9±0.4 mg/g), whereas the extent of ZEN adsorption into modified clay products did not follow the order seen in the based clays. The adsorption efficiency of CP-exchanged clays is in the order of CP*STx-1 (56.9±1.1 mg/g) = CP*AAM (56.9±1.8 mg/g) > CP*SWy-2 (47.9±2.6 mg/g) > CP*clinoptilolite (15.5±1.1 mg/g). Three CP-exchanged clays were further characterized by isotherm studies. The results indicated that the isotherm shapes of CP*exchanged clays exhibited a S-shape. The isotherm plot is concave up to the inflection point and then plateaus, which suggests multiple, specific binding sites and saturation at each site. It is important to rigorously test …

Neuroanatomy Of The Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) From Magnetic Resonance Images, Lori Marino, Chet C. Sherwood, Bradley N. Delman, Cheuk Y. Tang, Thomas P. Naidisch, Patrick R. Hof

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

This article presents the first series of MRI-based anatomically labeled sectioned images of the brain of the killer whale (Orcinus orca). Magnetic resonance images of the brain of an adult killer whale were acquired in the coronal and axial planes. The gross morphology of the killer whale brain is comparable in some respects to that of other odontocete brains, including the unusual spatial arrangement of midbrain structures. There are also intriguing differences. Cerebral hemispheres appear extremely convoluted and, in contrast to smaller cetacean species, the killer whale brain possesses an exceptional degree of cortical elaboration in the insular cortex, temporal …

Investigation Of The Transmission Of Mycobacterium Bovis From Deer To Cattle Through Indirect Contact, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Objective—To investigate the infection of calves with Mycobacterium bovis through oral exposure and transmission of M bovis from experimentally infected white-tailed deer to uninfected cattle through indirect contact.

Animals—24 11-month-old, white-tailed deer and 28 6-month-old, crossbred calves.

Procedure—In the oral exposure experiment, doses of 4.3 X 10⁶ CFUs (high dose) or 5 X 10³ CFUs (low dose) of M bovis were each administered orally to 4 calves; as positive controls, 2 calves received M bovis (1.7 X 10⁵ CFUs) via tonsillar instillation. Calves were euthanatized and examined 133 days after exposure. Deer-to-cattle transmission was …

Identification Of Common Subpopulations Of Non-Sorbitol-Fermenting, Β-Glucuronidase-Negative Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Bovine Production Environments And Human Clinical Samples, Zhijie Yang, Joy Kovar, Jaehyoung Kim, Joseph Nietfeldt, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Michael E. Olson, Paul D. Fey, Andrew K. Benson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Non-sorbitol-fermenting, β-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains are regarded as a clone complex, and populations from different geographical locations are believed to share a recent common ancestor. Despite their relatedness, high-resolution genotyping methods can detect significant genome variation among different populations. Phylogenetic analysis of high-resolution genotyping data from these strains has shown that subpopulations from geographically unlinked continents can be divided into two primary phylogenetic lineages, termed lineage I and lineage II, and limited studies of the distribution of these lineages suggest there could be differences in their propensity to cause disease in humans or to be transmitted to humans. Because …

Eradicating Footrot From Western Australia - A Farmer's Guide, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Agriculture reports

Virulent footrot can occur on any farm in the medium to high rainfall zone. Persons who regularly buy and sell sheep take a greater risk, but even properties with a closed breeding flock are at risk from stray sheep. People often associate footrot with properties managed by inefficient farmers. This is a false belief. Many good farmers have found the disease in their sheep, including high profile studs. Footrot can strike anywhere and often without warning. It is important to remember that once it is found; getting to know and understand the disease will help you to beat it. A …

Seasonality Of Tuberculosis In India: Is It Real And What Does It Tell Us?, Lorna E. Thorpe, Thomas R. Frieden, Kayla F. Laserson, Charles Wells, Gulshan Khatri

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

India has a third of the world’s tuberculosis cases. Large-scale expansion of a national program in 1998 has allowed for population-based analyses of data from tuberculosis registries. We assessed seasonal trends using quarterly reports from districts with stable tuberculosis control programs (population 115 million). In northern India, tuberculosis diagnoses peaked between April and June, and reached a nadir between October and December, whereas no seasonality was reported in the south. Overall, rates of new smear-positive tuberculosis cases were 57 per 100 000 population in peak seasons versus 46 per 100 000 in trough seasons. General health-seeking behavior artifact was ruled …

Cytokines And Synthetic Double-Stranded Rna Augment The T Helper 1 Immune Response Of Swine To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, William A. Meier, Robert J. Husmann, William M. Schnitzlein, Fernando A. Osorio, Joan K. Lunney, Federico A. Zuckermann

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Immunization of pigs with a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine initially elicits a weak interferon (IFN)-γ response. To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-α was co-administered during vaccination. In the presence of either adjuvant, at least a threefold increase in the primary virus-specific IFN-γ response was observed. While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-α expressing plasmid but even after …

Johne’S Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez, Raúl G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Johne’s disease is a chronic diarrhea affecting all ruminants. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a slowly growing mycobacteria, is the etiologic agent. There is also a concern that MAP might be a causative agent of some cases of inflammatory bowel disease in humans, especially Crohn’s disease. Food products including pasteurized bovine milk have been suggested as potential sources of human infection. This review addresses microbial factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity. In addition, the experimental evidence defining MAP as the cause of Johne’s disease and the issues and controversies surrounding its potential pathogenic role in humans are discussed.

Waccnes Containing Bovine Herpe Svirus 1 Attenuated By Mutation In Latency-Related Gene, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Vaccines for pathogenic Strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) which are based on attenuated BHV-1 having a mutation in the latency-related gene are provided. Live, attenuated vaccines are also provided which express anti gens from other viral or bacterial pathogens and thus form the basis of a variety of vaccines.

West Nile Virus Infection In Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus), Mitchell V. Palmer, William C. Stoffregen, Douglas G. Rogers, Amir N. Hamir, Juergen A. Richt, Douglas D. Pedersen, W. Ray Waters

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) infection in 4 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) resulted in lymphohistiocytic encephalomyelitis within the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry revealed WNV antigen within neurons and among mononuclear cell infiltrates. These represent the first known cases of clinical WNV infection in Cervidae. Clinical signs and lesions were similar to those described in horses. Nucleotide sequence of a 768-bp region of the WNV E-glycoprotein gene revealed 1 nucleotide mutation, which resulted in a single amino acid substitution from a serine to a glycine (position 227 of E-glycoprotein) when compared with the prototype WNV-NY99 strain (isolated from …

Bovine Tuberculosis In Michigan White-Tailed Deer

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Starting in 1995 hunter harvested, road killed, and other dead deer were examined for bovine TB infection. White-tailed deer in Michigan have since been tested year round for bovine TB. Testing revealed that most of the TB positive animals were located in a core area in the northeastern part of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The core area is located around the four corners where the counties of Montmorency, Alpena, Oscoda and Alcona meet. Antrim, Crawford, Emmet, Iosco, Mecosta, Osceola, Otsego, Presque Isle, and Roscommon Counties have also had animals test positive for bovine TB.

In the U.S. today, the threat of …

Animal Health Laboratories Service Manual 2004-2005, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Agriculture reports

This service manual is designed to help you, the user of services provided by the Animal Health Laboratories (AHL), to get the most from the laboratories. If you have questions on any matters relating to the AHL services or sample collection, please telephone us. If you need to contact someone regarding AHL services or are unsure of which samples to collect, contact staff at AHL by consulting the directory of key personnel. The section on ‘General Instructions’ contains information required for packaging and submission of samples to AHL. Other sections contain information on the type of sample required for each …