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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
What Will My Parents Think? Relations Among Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, And Prosocial And Antisocial Behaviors, Jennifer M. Wyatt, Gustavo Carlo
What Will My Parents Think? Relations Among Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, And Prosocial And Antisocial Behaviors, Jennifer M. Wyatt, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Prior researchers confirmed socialization models depicting parenting practices and social cognitions associated with prosocial and antisocial behaviors. However, little research has focused on processes underlying the link between parenting and these behaviors. Per Grusec and Goodnow’s internalization model, children and adolescents develop expectancies regarding their parents’ reactions to their behaviors. Adolescents’ expected parental reactions to prosocial behaviors were hypothesized to predict prosocial behaviors; expectations regarding antisocial behaviors were expected to predict antisocial behaviors. For this study, 80 adolescents and their parents reported adolescents’ antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Adolescents completed a measure of prosocial moral reasoning and an assessment of how …
Adolescent Risk Factors For Sexual Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Rural Women, Janine M. Zweig, Aline Sayer, Lisa J. Crockett, Judith R. Vicary
Adolescent Risk Factors For Sexual Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Rural Women, Janine M. Zweig, Aline Sayer, Lisa J. Crockett, Judith R. Vicary
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Longitudinal data were used to examine risk factors for sexual victimization among 237 young adult rural women. In this sample, 8% reported experiencing forced sex (i.e., physically violent experiences) and a separate 22% reported experiencing coerced sex (i.e., external psychological manipulation, substance-related coercion, or internal psychological pressure.) Women who had more educated mothers had a greater probability of reporting forced sex. In addition, mothers’ education moderated the relationship between individual risk factors and the probability of reporting forced sex. For women with less educated mothers, higher frequency of sexual activity during adolescence was related to an increased probability of reporting …
Place Conditioning: What Does It Add To Our Understanding Of Ethanol Reward ?, Fred O. Risinger, Christopher L. Cunningham, Rick A. Bevins, Frank A. Holloway
Place Conditioning: What Does It Add To Our Understanding Of Ethanol Reward ?, Fred O. Risinger, Christopher L. Cunningham, Rick A. Bevins, Frank A. Holloway
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This article describes the proceedings of a symposium at the 2001 RSA annual meeting in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The cochairs were Fred O. Risinger and Christopher L. Cunningham. Presentations were as follows: (1) Place conditioning: understanding the motivational impact of stimuli, by Rick A. Bevins; (2) Role of historical factors in ethanol place conditioning, by Frank A. Holloway; (3) Ethanol place conditioning in mice: genetic and environmental infl uences, by Christopher L. Cunningham; and (4) Utilization of place conditioning for understanding the neuropharmacology of the rewarding effects of ethanol, by Fred O. Risinger.
Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Individual Risk Factors (Chapter 3), Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo
Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Individual Risk Factors (Chapter 3), Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Most factors influencing the risk of pedestrian injury for children are based on family considerations or community norms, not on individuals. Nevertheless, individual risk factors should be considered when planning prevention programs (Christoffel, Donovan et al. 1996). The potential importance of individual traits has been extensively studied in the hope of finding a factor that could be modified. Considerations of the individual are important because they largely define the child’s risk of injury, even while walking with others. The causal sequence of a child walking to a particular site at a particular time where he or she is injured is …
The Need For Proximal Mechanisms To Understand Individual Differences In Altruism, Gustavo Carlo, Rick A. Bevins
The Need For Proximal Mechanisms To Understand Individual Differences In Altruism, Gustavo Carlo, Rick A. Bevins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
An "Open Peer Commentary" on the article "Altruism and selfishness" by Howard Rachlin.
There are three concerns regarding Rachlin’s altruism model. First, proximal causal mechanisms such as those identified by cognitive neuroscientists and behavioral neuropharmacologists are not emphasized. Second, there is a lack of clear testable hypotheses. And third, extreme forms of altruism are emphasized rather than common forms. We focus on an overarching theme – proximal mechanisms of individual differences in altruism.
Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Susy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman
Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Susy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We evaluated literature that addresses the notion that flexible smoking treatment approaches are warranted for smokers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Understanding the biological and psychological mechanisms that increase the likelihood of smoking and decrease the motivation to quit for these individuals is addressed within the framework of a neurobiological model. We provide a brief overview of the limited smoking cessation treatment literature for patients with schizophrenia and compare abstinence-focused versus reduction-focused treatment modalities. The potential utility of the reduction-focused approach to tobacco treatment for these smokers is evaluated. Suggestions for future research to address the utility and efficacy of …
Factors Influencing Children To Self-Disclose Sexual Abuse, Mary L. Paine, David J. Hansen
Factors Influencing Children To Self-Disclose Sexual Abuse, Mary L. Paine, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Self-disclosure by victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) is critical to initiate legal and therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, research indicates that lengthy delays in disclosure and even nondisclosure are common. A comprehensive review of the clinical and research literature on CSA and an overview of related bodies of literature was conducted. Areas addressed include the context of sexual abuse as it relates to disclosure, the context and elements of children’s disclosures, motivational factors inhibiting disclosure, and models of the disclosure process. Ancillary and analogue research on secrecy and disclosure are also reviewed. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Too Many Of A Good Thing? The Effects Of Multiple Motivations On Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, And Satisfaction , Marc T. Kiviniemi, Mark Snyder, Allen M. Omoto
Too Many Of A Good Thing? The Effects Of Multiple Motivations On Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, And Satisfaction , Marc T. Kiviniemi, Mark Snyder, Allen M. Omoto
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Individuals engage in behaviors to satisfy motivations and can engage in the same behavior to satisfy a variety of different motivations. Previous research has examined how differences in the overall amount of motivation influence outcomes but has not addressed how differences in the number of conceptually distinct motivations one has for a particular action influence outcomes. In two longitudinal field studies, individuals with more than one motivation for volunteering experienced greater negative outcomes than did those who volunteered to satisfy a single motivation. A laboratory study manipulated the number of motivations individuals had for engaging in a volunteer activity. Individuals …
What Do We Assess When We Assess A Big 5 Trait? : A Content Analysis Of The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Processes Represented In Big 5 Personality Inventories, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Scott H. Hemenover, Richard A. Dienstbier
What Do We Assess When We Assess A Big 5 Trait? : A Content Analysis Of The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Processes Represented In Big 5 Personality Inventories, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Scott H. Hemenover, Richard A. Dienstbier
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
What are personality traits? Are all “broad” traits equally broad in the constructs they encompass and in the pervasiveness of their effects? Or are some traits more or less affective, behavioral, or cognitive in nature? The present study examined these issues as they applied to the Big 5 traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Expert and novice raters judged the extent to which items from four popular Big 5 inventories contain behavioral, cognitive, or affective components. Traits and inventories were then compared in terms of their relative assessment of these components. Results indicate convergence among inventories but remarkable …
Effect Of Non-Nicotinic Moist Snuff Replacement And Lobeline On Withdrawal Symptoms During 48-H Smokeless Tobacco Deprivation, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Frank L. Collins Jr., Lee M. Cohen
Effect Of Non-Nicotinic Moist Snuff Replacement And Lobeline On Withdrawal Symptoms During 48-H Smokeless Tobacco Deprivation, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Frank L. Collins Jr., Lee M. Cohen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present study investigated the effects of two herbal components (BACCOFFTM and DIPSTOP ™) of a commercially available smokeless tobacco treatment program for reducing subjective withdrawal symptoms during deprivation. One component, BACCOFF™, is a non-nicotinic chew. The second component, DIPSTOP™, is a liquid containing the alkaloid lobeline, which to some extent mimics peripheral nicotinic effects. All participants (N = 22 males) were placed in four conditions: BACCOFF™ + DIPSTOP™, BACCOFF™ + placebo control, DIPSTOP™ only, and placebo control only. The conditions involved 48 h of deprivation, and subjects were exposed to one condition per week for 4 weeks. …
Factors Influencing Self-Rated Preparedness For Graduate School: A Survey Of Graduate Students, Matthew T. Huss, Brandy A. Randall, Marc Patry, Stephen F. Davis, David J. Hansen
Factors Influencing Self-Rated Preparedness For Graduate School: A Survey Of Graduate Students, Matthew T. Huss, Brandy A. Randall, Marc Patry, Stephen F. Davis, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Numerous studies have found a host of factors that are likely to result in more successful applications to graduate schools. This study was a retrospective examination of the variables that distinguish graduate students who believed they were better prepared for graduate school. We examined several of these factors, including variables associated with undergraduate education and the individual for their relation to self-rated preparedness for graduate school. Our findings highlighted quality faculty interactions and participation in research as important factors in graduate students’ post hoc ratings of their preparedness for graduate school. We also found that different types of institutions differed …
Generalizing The Dynamic Field Theory Of The A-Not-B Error Beyond Infancy: Three-Year-Olds’ Delay- And Experience-Dependent Location Memory Biases, Anne R. Schutte, John P. Spencer
Generalizing The Dynamic Field Theory Of The A-Not-B Error Beyond Infancy: Three-Year-Olds’ Delay- And Experience-Dependent Location Memory Biases, Anne R. Schutte, John P. Spencer
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Thelen and colleagues recently proposed a dynamic field theory (DFT) to capture the general processes that give rise to infants’ performance in the Piagetian A-not-B task. According to this theory, the same general processes should operate in noncanonical A-not-B-type tasks with children older than 12 months. Three predictions of the DFT were tested by examining 3-year-olds’ location memory errors in a task with a homogeneous task space. Children pointed to remembered locations after delays of 0 s to 10 s. The spatial layout of the possible targets and the frequency with which children moved to each target was varied. As …
The Effects Of Defendant Remorse On Mock Juror Decisions In A Malpractice Case, Brian H. Bornstein, Lahna M. Rung M.A., Monica K. Miller
The Effects Of Defendant Remorse On Mock Juror Decisions In A Malpractice Case, Brian H. Bornstein, Lahna M. Rung M.A., Monica K. Miller
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of defendant remorse on monetary damages awarded to a plaintiff in a malpractice case. In two experiments, the physician-defendant expressed remorse at the time of the incident and again at trial, expressed remorse at trial, explicitly demonstrated a lack of remorse at trial, or made no mention of remorse (or a lack thereof). Participants decided how much money to award to the plaintiff and evaluated both the plaintiff and the defendant on several dimensions. Participants awarded greater compensation when the physician expressed remorse at the time of the incident than …
The Development Of A Measure Of Prosocial Behaviors For Late Adolescents, Gustavo Carlo, Brandy A. Randall
The Development Of A Measure Of Prosocial Behaviors For Late Adolescents, Gustavo Carlo, Brandy A. Randall
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The correlates and structure of prosocial behaviors in late adolescents were examined using a newly constructed, multidimensional measure. In Study 1, 249 college students (145 women; M age = 19.9 years) were administered the Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM) which assesses 6 types of prosocial behaviors: altruistic, compliant, emotional, dire, public, and anonymous. Measures of sympathy, perspective taking, personal distress, social desirability, global prosocial behaviors, social responsibility, ascription of responsibility, vocabulary skills, and prosocial moral reasoning were also completed. Test-retest reliability and further validity of the PTM were demonstrated in Study 2 with a sample of 40 college students (28 women; …
Pretrial Publicity And Civil Cases: A Two-Way Street?, Brian H. Bornstein, Brooke L. Whisenhunt, Robert J. Nemeth, Deborah L. Dunaway
Pretrial Publicity And Civil Cases: A Two-Way Street?, Brian H. Bornstein, Brooke L. Whisenhunt, Robert J. Nemeth, Deborah L. Dunaway
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Published pretrial publicity (PTP) research has been conducted almost exclusively with criminal cases and has focused on PTP that is detrimental to the defense. The current research examined the effects of PTP in a civil case to determine if PTP can have a biasing effect against either the defendant or the plaintiff in civil litigation. In Experiment 1, participants exposed to PTP biased against the defendant were more likely to reach a liable verdict than participants who read a control article or PTP biased against the plaintiff. Experiment 2 demonstrated that a judicial admonition did not reduce the biasing effect …
Improvement In Quantity And Quality Of Prevention Measurement Of Toddler Injuries And Parental Interventions, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Kenneth Sher
Improvement In Quantity And Quality Of Prevention Measurement Of Toddler Injuries And Parental Interventions, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Kenneth Sher
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Injury is the leading killer of children in the United States, yet little research has focused on this vital subject. One of the distinct barriers to injury prevention is the absence of effective assessment devices. Epidemiological aspects of injury have been assessed, but these provide little information at a level sufficient to allow conclusions about potential behavioral prevention methods. This paper describes an alternative, the Participant Event Monitoring (PEM) system. In this paper, the PEM system is used to examine a sample of 170 toddlers (ages 18 to 36 months), over a 6-month period, resulting in data on over 4,200 …
Child Sexual Abuse, Eugenia Hsu, Georganna Sedlar, Mary Fran Flood, David J. Hansen
Child Sexual Abuse, Eugenia Hsu, Georganna Sedlar, Mary Fran Flood, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This chapter describes the case of two adolescent girls who were living in foster care with their maternal aunt and her family, the Kraller family. The girls and their aunt and uncle participated in Project SAFE, a university-based program for sexually abused children and their nonoffending caregivers, which is described in detail in the Course of Treatment section. The Kraller family was referred to Project SAFE by the local Child Advocacy Center. Miriam Kraller contacted the Child Advocacy Center when she learned that her two nieces (her younger sister’s daughters), Gina (age 14) and Suzy (age 13), had been sexually …
Using Controversial Mock Trials In “Psychology And Law” Courses: Suggestions From Participants, James L. Werth, James Harvey, Rebecca Mcnamara, Andrea Svoboda, Raina Gulbrandson, Jennifer Hendren, Tiffany Greedy, Christie Leybold
Using Controversial Mock Trials In “Psychology And Law” Courses: Suggestions From Participants, James L. Werth, James Harvey, Rebecca Mcnamara, Andrea Svoboda, Raina Gulbrandson, Jennifer Hendren, Tiffany Greedy, Christie Leybold
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We discuss the use of a mock trial of the controversial Jack Kevorkian euthanasia case in an undergraduate psychology and law course. We provide an overview of the project, student feedback, and recommendations for improving the exercise. Based on feedback from students, we conclude that constructing a trial around a controversial topic with psychosocial issues as the foundation of a course can increase the utility of a mock trial and make the course a better learning experience.
Prosocial Development In Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study, Nancy Eisenberg, Ivanna K. Guthrie, Amanda Cumberland, Bridget C. Murphy, Stephanie A. Shepard, Qing Zhou, Gustavo Carlo
Prosocial Development In Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study, Nancy Eisenberg, Ivanna K. Guthrie, Amanda Cumberland, Bridget C. Murphy, Stephanie A. Shepard, Qing Zhou, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Consistency of measures of a prosocial personality and prosocial moral judgment over time, and the interrelations among them, were examined. Participants’ and friends’ reports of prosocial characteristics were obtained at ages 21– 22, 23–24, and 25–26 years. In addition, participants’ prosocial judgment was assessed with interviews and with an objective measure of prosocial moral reasoning at several ages. Reports of prosocial behavior and empathy-related responding in childhood and observations of prosocial behavior in preschool also were obtained. There was interindividual consistency in prosocial dispositions, and prosocial dispositions in adulthood related to empathy/sympathy and prosocial behavior at much younger ages. Interview …
Commentary And Reply To: Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Tony George, Jennifer Vessicchio, David G. Gilbert, John R. Hughes, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Suzy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman
Commentary And Reply To: Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Tony George, Jennifer Vessicchio, David G. Gilbert, John R. Hughes, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Suzy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Treating Tobacco Addiction in Schizophrenia: Where do we go From Here?
Yes! Smokers with Schizophrenia will Benefit from More Flexible Treatment Approaches
Rigidity in Measures of Smoking Cessation
A Reply to the Commentaries on Schizophrenia and Smoking Treatment: More Research is Needed
Agency In The Life Course: Concepts And Processes, Lisa J. Crockett
Agency In The Life Course: Concepts And Processes, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The capacity of humans to influence their lives has long been a theme within Western literature, philosophy, and psychology. In recent years, the theme of human agency has crystallized in the psychological literature in the concepts of control, self-regulation, and self-efficacy. As a result, considerable attention has been devoted to the psychological processes through which control is exerted, such as cognitive appraisals, goal setting, and planning, as well as control beliefs and the potentially debilitating effects of loss of control (e.g., Bandura, 1997; Boekaerts, Pintrich, & Zeidner, 2000; Carver & Scheier, 1998; Seligman, 1975). Although this body of work has …
Antisocial Alcoholism And Serotonin-Related Polymorphisms: Association Tests, Elizabeth M. Hill, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Katherine Harris Bullard, Sheng Li, Robert A. Zucker, Marget Burmeister
Antisocial Alcoholism And Serotonin-Related Polymorphisms: Association Tests, Elizabeth M. Hill, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Katherine Harris Bullard, Sheng Li, Robert A. Zucker, Marget Burmeister
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Central serotonin dysfunction appears to be related to a subtype of alcoholism with antisocial impulsive features (type II; antisocial alcoholism). The serotonergic deficit may be associated with greater impulsivity, which in turn facilitates both alcohol dependence and antisocial behavior. The present study tested association of antisocial impulsive alcoholism with candidate genes related to serotonergic neurotransmission, using families. Eight markers were assayed using polymerase chain reaction: tryptophan hydroxylase (intron 7), the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 (VNTR 9/12), HTTLPR, the three serotonin receptor types HTR1B (G861C), HTR2A (T102C) and HTR2C (Cys23Ser), monoamine oxidase A (T1460C), and (CA)n. Eligible probands had early …
Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism, Peripheral Indexes Of Serotonin Function, And Personality Measures In Families With Alcoholism, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Geoffrey R. Twitchell, Gregory L. Hanna, Edwin H. Cook, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Robert A. Zucker, Karley Y. Little
Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism, Peripheral Indexes Of Serotonin Function, And Personality Measures In Families With Alcoholism, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Geoffrey R. Twitchell, Gregory L. Hanna, Edwin H. Cook, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Robert A. Zucker, Karley Y. Little
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
A functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is considered to be a plausible candidate gene for anxiety-related personality traits and for alcoholism. Empirical support for the association between 5-HTTLPR and psychological traits has been somewhat inconsistent; however, observations of the functional dominance of the low-activity s-allele over the l-allele have been more consistent. When studying the influence of particular genes on psychological traits, it seems useful also to assess more biological intermediate traits that may mediate the effects of those genes on the traits of interest. The present study examined relationships between 5-HTTLPR genotype, …
Food Sharing: A Model Of Manipulation By Harassment, Jeffrey R. Stevens, David W. Stephens
Food Sharing: A Model Of Manipulation By Harassment, Jeffrey R. Stevens, David W. Stephens
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Most analyses of food-sharing behavior invoke complex explanations such as indirect and delayed benefits for sharing via kin selection and reciprocal altruism. However, food sharing can be a more general phenomenon accounted for by more parsimonious, mutualistic explanations. We propose a game theoretical model of a general sharing situation in which food owners share because it is in their own self-interest—they avoid high costs associated with beggar harassment. When beggars harass, owners may benefit from sharing part of the food if their consumption rate is low relative to the rate of cost accrual. Our model predicts that harassment can be …