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2001

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Computed Tomography To Assess Pulmonary Injury Associated With Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy For Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Galit Aviram, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Michael Lefcoe Nov 2001

Computed Tomography To Assess Pulmonary Injury Associated With Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy For Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Galit Aviram, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Michael Lefcoe

Edward Yu

OBJECTIVE: To characterize serial computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary injury after a uniform regimen of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, and to compare the radiation-induced lung toxicity with other concurrent chemo-radiation regimens. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer received 2 induction cycles of cisplatin and vinblastine, followed by 2 further cycles of cisplatin and vinblastine, concurrent with 60 Gy radiation at 2 Gy per fraction. Radiation-induced lung injury in the acute and chronic phases was assessed by serial CT scans and compared with preradiation baseline scans. Acute radiation pneumonitis was evaluated using the …

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Who Should Foot The Bill For Continuing Review Of Research?, Charles Weijer Oct 2001

Who Should Foot The Bill For Continuing Review Of Research?, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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Concentric Retinitis Pigmentosa: Clinicopathologic Correlations, Ann Milam, Elaine De Castro, Julie Smith, Wai-Xing Tang, Sinoj John, Michael Gorin, Edwin Stone, Gustavo Aguirre, Samuel Jacobson Sep 2001

Concentric Retinitis Pigmentosa: Clinicopathologic Correlations, Ann Milam, Elaine De Castro, Julie Smith, Wai-Xing Tang, Sinoj John, Michael Gorin, Edwin Stone, Gustavo Aguirre, Samuel Jacobson

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD


Progressive concentric (centripetal) loss of vision is one pattern of visual field loss in retinitis pigmentosa. This study provides the first clinicopathologic correlations for this form of retinitis pigmentosa. A family with autosomal dominant concentric retinitis pigmentosa was examined clinically and with visual function tests. A post-mortem eye of an affected 94 year old family member was processed for histopathology and immunocytochemistry with retinal cell specific antibodies. Unrelated simplex/multiplex patients with concentric retinitis pigmentosa were also examined. Affected family members of the eye donor and patients from the other families had prominent peripheral pigmentary retinopathy with more normal appearing central …

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Fine Mapping Of Canine Xlpra Establishes Homology Of The Human And Canine Rp3 Intervals, Qi Zhang, Gregory M. Acland, Barbara Zangerl, J. L. Johnson, Zuohua Mao, Caroline Zeiss, Elaine A. Ostrander, Gustavo D. Aguirre Sep 2001

Fine Mapping Of Canine Xlpra Establishes Homology Of The Human And Canine Rp3 Intervals, Qi Zhang, Gregory M. Acland, Barbara Zangerl, J. L. Johnson, Zuohua Mao, Caroline Zeiss, Elaine A. Ostrander, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Purpose: Canine X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (XLPRA) is a hereditary, progressive retinal degeneration that has been mapped previously to the canine X chromosome in a region flanked by the dystrophin (DMD) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) genes, and is tightly linked to the gene RPGR. The comparable region of the human X chromosome includes the disease locus for RP3, an X-linked form of retinitis pigmentosa, although the current canine disease interval is much larger.
Methods: To refine the map of the canine XLPRA disease interval, 11 X-linked markers were mapped, both meiotically, in two extensive …

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Cloning Of Canine Γ-Tubulin (Tubg1) Cdna And Mapping To Cfa9, Duska J. Sidjanin, F Xue, J Mcelwee, Jennifer L. Johnson, C Holmgren, Cathryn S. Mellersh, Elaine A. Ostrander, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre Sep 2001

Cloning Of Canine Γ-Tubulin (Tubg1) Cdna And Mapping To Cfa9, Duska J. Sidjanin, F Xue, J Mcelwee, Jennifer L. Johnson, C Holmgren, Cathryn S. Mellersh, Elaine A. Ostrander, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

No abstract provided.

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Monte Carlo Simulations And Measurement Of Dna Damage From X-Ray-Triggered Auger Cascades In Iododeoxyuridine (Iudr), S. Karnas, V. Moiseenko, E. Yu, P. Truong, J. Battista Aug 2001

Monte Carlo Simulations And Measurement Of Dna Damage From X-Ray-Triggered Auger Cascades In Iododeoxyuridine (Iudr), S. Karnas, V. Moiseenko, E. Yu, P. Truong, J. Battista

Edward Yu

We investigated the DNA damage from Auger electrons emitted from incorporated stable iodine (127I), following photoelectric absorption of external x-rays. The effectiveness of the Auger electrons in producing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was determined theoretically, using Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation physics and chemistry, and was shown to be in reasonable agreement with DNA damage measured using the comet assay. The DSB yields were measured in CHO cells for 60Co (as a non-Auger-promoting radiation) and for tungsten-filtered 100 kVp x-rays capable of producing Auger electron emission. The theoretical study showed that on average, 2.5 Auger electrons were emitted for …

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Minimal Risk And Its Implications, Charles Weijer Aug 2001

Minimal Risk And Its Implications, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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Using Treatment Interruptions To Palliate The Toxicity From Concurrent Chemoradiation For Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer Decreases Survival And Disease Control, Gregory Videtic, Karen Fung, Anna Tomiak, Larry Stitt, A. Dar, Pauline Truong, Edward Yu, Mark Vincent, Walter Kocha Jul 2001

Using Treatment Interruptions To Palliate The Toxicity From Concurrent Chemoradiation For Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer Decreases Survival And Disease Control, Gregory Videtic, Karen Fung, Anna Tomiak, Larry Stitt, A. Dar, Pauline Truong, Edward Yu, Mark Vincent, Walter Kocha

Edward Yu

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We analyzed the impact on survival outcomes of treatment interruptions due to toxicity arising during the concurrent phase of chemotherapy/radiotherapy (ChT/RT) for our limited-stage small-cell cancer (LSCLC) population over the past 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1999, 215 patients received treatment for LSCLC, consisting of six cycles of alternating cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin or epirubicin/vincristine (CAV; CEV) and etoposide/cisplatin (EP). Thoracic RT was started with EP at either the second or third cycle (85% of patients). RT dose was either 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks or 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks, …

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Should Physicians Accept Gifts From Their Patients? No: Gifts Debase The True Value Of Care, Charles Weijer Jul 2001

Should Physicians Accept Gifts From Their Patients? No: Gifts Debase The True Value Of Care, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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The Corporate Practice Of Medicine: Competition And Innovation In Health Care (Book Review), Linda Treiber Jun 2001

The Corporate Practice Of Medicine: Competition And Innovation In Health Care (Book Review), Linda Treiber

Linda A. Treiber

Review of the book "The Corporate Practice of Medicine: Competition and Innovation in Health Care," by James C. Robinson

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Informing Patients Of Uncertainty In Clinical Trials, S. Halpern, J. Karlawish, Charles Weijer Jun 2001

Informing Patients Of Uncertainty In Clinical Trials, S. Halpern, J. Karlawish, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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Practice Guideline On Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation In Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Jaro Kotalik, Edward Yu, Barbara Markman, William Evans May 2001

Practice Guideline On Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation In Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Jaro Kotalik, Edward Yu, Barbara Markman, William Evans

Edward Yu

Purpose: To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline that would address the following questions: (a) What is the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with limited or extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have achieved complete remission in response to induction therapy (chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)? (b) What dose and fractionation schedules of PCI are optimal? (c) Does the use of PCI in patients with SCLC in complete remission affect quality of life? Survival, disease-free survival, quality of life, and adverse effects were the outcomes of interest. Methods and materials: A systematic review of the published literature was …

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Continuing Review Of Research Approved By Canadian Research Ethics Boards, Charles Weijer Apr 2001

Continuing Review Of Research Approved By Canadian Research Ethics Boards, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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The Ethics Wars: Disputes Over International Research, Charles Weijer, James Anderson Apr 2001

The Ethics Wars: Disputes Over International Research, Charles Weijer, James Anderson

Charles Weijer

The effort to revise the Declaration of Helsinki and the CIOMS Guidelines has sparked a sometimes vitriolic debate centering on the use of placebo controls.

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Gene Therapy Restores Vision In A Canine Model Of Childhood Blindness, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Jharna Ray, Qi Zhang, Tomas S. Aleman, Artur V. Cideciyan, Susan E. Pearce-Kelling, Vibha Anand, Yong Zeng, Albert M. Maguire, Samuel G. Jacobson, William W. Hauswirth, Jean Bennett Apr 2001

Gene Therapy Restores Vision In A Canine Model Of Childhood Blindness, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Jharna Ray, Qi Zhang, Tomas S. Aleman, Artur V. Cideciyan, Susan E. Pearce-Kelling, Vibha Anand, Yong Zeng, Albert M. Maguire, Samuel G. Jacobson, William W. Hauswirth, Jean Bennett

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

The relationship between the neurosensory photoreceptors and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) controls not only normal retinal function, but also the pathogenesis of hereditary retinal degenerations. The molecular bases for both primary photoreceptor1 and RPE diseases2, 3, 4 that cause blindness have been identified. Gene therapy has been used successfully to slow degeneration in rodent models of primary photoreceptor diseases5, 6, but efficacy of gene therapy directed at photoreceptors and RPE in a large-animal model of human disease has not been reported. Here we study one of the most clinically severe retinal degenerations, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). LCA causes …

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Evaluation Of Retinal Photoreceptors And Pigment Epithelium In A Female Carrier Of Choroideremia, Nasreen Syed, Julie E. Smith, Sinoj K. John, Miguel C. Seabra, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Ann H. Milam Mar 2001

Evaluation Of Retinal Photoreceptors And Pigment Epithelium In A Female Carrier Of Choroideremia, Nasreen Syed, Julie E. Smith, Sinoj K. John, Miguel C. Seabra, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Ann H. Milam

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Purpose: To clarify the pathogenesis of choroideremia.
Study Design: Human tissue study.
Tissues: Eyes of an 88-year-old symptomatic female carrier of choroideremia (CHM) and six normal, age-matched donors.
Methods: The eyes were processed for histopathologic examination, including immunocytochemistry with an antibody against the CHM gene product, REP-1, and retinal cell-specific markers.
Results: The CHM carrier retina showed patchy degeneration, but the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss appeared to be independent. The choriocapillaris was normal except where retinal areas were severely degenerate. The CHM gene product, REP-1, was localized to the cytoplasm of rods but not cones.
Conclusions: It …

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Aggregated Dsred-Tagged Cx43 And Over-Expressed Cx43 Are Targeted To Lysosomes In Human Breast Cancer Cells, H. Qin, Q. Shao, Daniel Belliveau, D. Laird Dec 2000

Aggregated Dsred-Tagged Cx43 And Over-Expressed Cx43 Are Targeted To Lysosomes In Human Breast Cancer Cells, H. Qin, Q. Shao, Daniel Belliveau, D. Laird

Daniel J. Belliveau

To investigate if either wild-type or aggregated Cx43 is abnormally targeted to lysosomes in human breast tumor cells, we examined the fate of DsRed-tagged Cx43 and over-expressed Cx43 in communication-deficient HBL-100 and MDA-MB-231 cells. DsRed-tagged Cx43 was assembled into gap junctions in control normal rat kidney cells that express endogenous Cx43 but not in Cx43-negative HBL-100 cells. However, when HBL-100 cells were engineered to coexpress wild-type Cx43 a population of DsRed-tagged Cx43 was rescued and assembled into gap junctions. Co-expression of wild-type Cx26 failed to rescue the assembly of DsRed-tagged Cx43 into gap junctions. Immunolocalization studies revealed that DsRed-tagged Cx43 …

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The Three Critical Components In The Conservative Treatment Of Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans (Jocd): Physician, Parent, And Child, Bernard Cahill, Sara Ahten Dec 2000

The Three Critical Components In The Conservative Treatment Of Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans (Jocd): Physician, Parent, And Child, Bernard Cahill, Sara Ahten

Sara M. Ahten

No abstract provided.

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En Forma Después De Los 50, Francisco Soto Mas Dec 2000

En Forma Después De Los 50, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

De forma habitual uno se olvida de la salud, y sólo nos acordamos de ella cuando la echamos de menos. El trabajo, la familia y en general, la falta de tiempo son las razones esgrimidas por aquellos que no se mantienen físicamente activos. Lo recomendable es hacer ejercicio desde pequeños, pero para aquellos que llegan tarde, lo que pretendemos con este libro es concienciarles de que todavía están a tiempo de ponerse en forma. A través de una doble visión, por un lado la de la medicina y por otro la educación física, hemos intentado informar sobre las enfermedades más …

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The Research Subject As Entrepreneur, James Anderson, Charles Weijer Dec 2000

The Research Subject As Entrepreneur, James Anderson, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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Hospital Policy On Appropriate Use Of Life-Sustaining Treatment, Peter Singer, Geoff Barker, Kerry Bowman, Christine Harrison, Philip Kernerman, Judy Kopelow, Neil Lazar, Charles Weijer, Stephen Workman Dec 2000

Hospital Policy On Appropriate Use Of Life-Sustaining Treatment, Peter Singer, Geoff Barker, Kerry Bowman, Christine Harrison, Philip Kernerman, Judy Kopelow, Neil Lazar, Charles Weijer, Stephen Workman

Charles Weijer

OBJECTIVE: To describe the issues faced, and how they were addressed, by the University of Toronto Critical Care Medicine Program/Joint Centre for Bioethics Task Force on Appropriate Use of Life-Sustaining Treatment. The clinical problem addressed by the Task Force was dealing with requests by patients or substitute decision makers for life-sustaining treatment that their healthcare providers believe is inappropriate.

DESIGN: Case study.

SETTING: The University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics/Critical Care Medicine Program Task Force on Appropriate Use of Life-Sustaining Treatment.

PARTICIPANTS: The 24-member Task Force included physician and nursing leaders from five critical care units, bioethicists, a legal …

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Trial By Error, Charles Weijer Dec 2000

Trial By Error, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

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Age And Neuropsychological Status Following Exposure To Violent Nonimpact Acceleration Forces In Mvas, James Sweeney, Andrew Johnson Dec 2000

Age And Neuropsychological Status Following Exposure To Violent Nonimpact Acceleration Forces In Mvas, James Sweeney, Andrew Johnson

Andrew M. Johnson

Performance on the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Test Battery (HRB) was analyzed for 33 ind viduals, aged 20 to 69, who had been subjected to violent aceeleration forces in motor vehicle accidents . Age was considered as a continuous variable and correlated with single and compos ite HRB measures. With the one exception of the Left Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (NDS) score, agere lated de cline was consistently demonstrated by com positeHRB scores (i.e., Gen eralNDS, Right NDS, Level of Performance NDS, Pathognomonic SignNDS, Pattern NDS, Right-Left Differ enceNDS, and Halstead Impairment Index). In contrast, most single non-composite HRB measures did not refleet a …

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Assessment Of Side Effects In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Receiving Combination Therapy, Donna Zucker, Barry Miller Dec 2000

Assessment Of Side Effects In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Receiving Combination Therapy, Donna Zucker, Barry Miller

Donna M. Zucker

This purpose of this descriptive study is to review the adverse effects of combination therapy, interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin, in a sample of patients with chronic hepatitis C who were part of a larger multi-center trial. The sample (n=13) was drawn from one hepatology practice in the northeastern U.S. This secondary analysis reported sums, frequencies, means and standard deviations for the sample. Patients who received 600 mg. ribavirin per day in addition to interferon alfa-2B (Arm A) showed a mean of 9.5 different types of side effects. Patients who received 1000-1200 mg of ribavirin in addition to interferon alfa-2B (Arm …

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Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Ss-Glucuronidase Cdna Transfer To Treat Mps Vii Rpe In Vitro, Maria E. Verdugo, Virginia Scarpino, Phillipe Moullier, M Haskins, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Jharna Ray Dec 2000

Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Ss-Glucuronidase Cdna Transfer To Treat Mps Vii Rpe In Vitro, Maria E. Verdugo, Virginia Scarpino, Phillipe Moullier, M Haskins, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Jharna Ray

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Purpose. To develop an effective therapy for treating glycosaminoglycan (GAG) storage in mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro using adenoviral vector mediated human ß-glucuronidase cDNA (Ad-GUSB) transfer. Methods. Ad-GUSB was used to infect RPE at confluency. The transduction condition was optimized varying time of infection and number of infectious particles. The ß-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity was measured in transduced cells and media using a fluorogenic substrate. The GAG profiles were examined by metabolically labeling RPE with 35 Na 2 SO 4. Results. Transduced RPE, irrespective of species or disease status, expressed a high level of ß-glucuronidase. The …

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