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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Fibromyalgia, Bruce T. Amundson
Fibromyalgia, Bruce T. Amundson
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
One of the more common diagnosis that a physical therapist treats in the clinic is fibromyalgia (FM). Fibromyalgia is the latest name given to a condition that, for the most part, has received mixed acceptance at the clinical level. Part of the reason that FM has been poorly accepted is due to the lack of a clearly defined set of signs and symptoms. In the last few years, new research has delineated the signs and symptoms in a manner that makes FM a more understandable condition.
The Merck Manual defines FM as a group of non-articular rheumatic disorders characterized by …
A Differential Overview Of Self-Directed Low Back Exercise Programs, Micheal G. Bateman
A Differential Overview Of Self-Directed Low Back Exercise Programs, Micheal G. Bateman
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Patients with low back pain represent a large percentage of the population frequenting today's clinics. Despite the high prevalence of low back pain in today's clinical setting, it is considered one of the most difficult diagnoses to treat. While practitioners in the field of physical therapy employ a diversity of evaluation and treatment techniques, they all share one common denominator, the goal of limiting pain while improving function and quality of life. Many therapists subscribe to a treatment approach which involves the patient in active individualized self-treatment exercises. Controversy exists as to which treatment approach is most effective and whether …
Rehabilitation Of The Surgical Repair Of A Recurrent Anterior Dislocation Of The Glenohumeral Joint, Kellie L. Beckley
Rehabilitation Of The Surgical Repair Of A Recurrent Anterior Dislocation Of The Glenohumeral Joint, Kellie L. Beckley
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Increasingly shoulder dislocations and instabilities are being recognized among athletes as a common disabling condition in the health care setting today.
Dislocations of the shoulder represent approximately 50% of all major joint dislocations. Of these shoulder dislocations, 95% are anterior dislocations. After a primary anterior dislocation, recurrence of dislocation occurs in 90% to 95% of patients in their mid 20s or younger. A high percentage of these injuries occur in repetitive athletic activities in which large forces and high velocities are produced, such as hockey, football, and baseball.
Consequently with the recognition of instability as the primary etiological factor for …
The Effect Of Backward Treadmill Walking On Lower Extremity Kinetics, Scott Billing
The Effect Of Backward Treadmill Walking On Lower Extremity Kinetics, Scott Billing
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Many physical therapy diagnoses require minimal anterior loading of the knee in their rehabilitation protocols. These include, but are not limited to, tibial plateau fractures, patellofemoral pain, patellar fractures, quadriceps tendinitis, and status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In the clinical setting, backward walking (BW), or "retro-walking," is often used during the rehabilitation of such diagnoses. We propose backward walking will initiate greater hamstring recruitment due to the kinematics and kinetics of this gait pattern and thereby result in less anterior knee stress. It is the purpose of this research project to determine if hamstring recruitment can increase in a …
An Investigation Of Differential Diagnosis Of Patellofemoral Pain Syndromes, Shannon Marie Buckmier
An Investigation Of Differential Diagnosis Of Patellofemoral Pain Syndromes, Shannon Marie Buckmier
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Dysfunction of the patellofemoral joint has long been a topic of discussion and debate for caregivers of patients with this syndrome. Various diagnosis related to the patellofemoral joint of the knee have been reported. Patellofemoral pain refers to the clinical presentation of pain in the anterior region of the knee. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in children, adolescents, and adults. It is a major source of pain and dysfunction in both genders, but is more common in females.
The purpose of this literature review is to help distinguish between several differential diagnosis included as part of …
Physical Therapy Evaluation And Treatment Of Low Back Pain During Pregnancy, Jean Chouanard
Physical Therapy Evaluation And Treatment Of Low Back Pain During Pregnancy, Jean Chouanard
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Low back pain (LBP) during pregnancy is a frequent complaint and is often considered a normal, nontreatable occurrence. However, much of the LBP of pregnancy can be eliminated with early intervention. Factors such as poor posture, mechanical changes, and relaxation. of ligamentous structures in the spine and pelvis are the most common explanations of low back pain. A careful history and evaluation are essential to identify the etiology and to guide an appropriate treatment. This independent study will be a literature review. Its purpose is to identify some of the causes for LBP during pregnancy and develop guidelines for evaluation …
Comparison Of Pediatric Physical Therapy Service In The Educational Versus Medical Setting With Special Focus On Iep Development, Nicki Christopherson
Comparison Of Pediatric Physical Therapy Service In The Educational Versus Medical Setting With Special Focus On Iep Development, Nicki Christopherson
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The passage of Public Law 94-142, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act, in 1975, has created an increased demand for physical therapists to work with children in the educational setting. The intent of the law is that all individuals have the right to a free, appropriate public education. In order for an individual with a disability to receive an appropriate education, related services, including physical therapy, are provided.
Physical therapy has traditionally been a medical service. In accordance with the law, the services delivered by a physical therapist in the school setting must be educationally related. Service provisions including …
Gluteus Medius Inhibition In Association With Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction, Amy J. Clifford
Gluteus Medius Inhibition In Association With Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction, Amy J. Clifford
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is one of the most common diagnoses of low back pain. Musculoskeletal imbalance is one of the precipitating factors which cause sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJ). The gluteus medius, a primary stabilizer of the pelvis, has been observed clinically to be weak in a significant number of individuals with SIJ dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in gluteus medius function in subjects without SIJ dysfunction in comparison to subjects with SIJ dysfunction. To make this comparison, electromyographic data and information regarding lower extremity stability were collected using a force plate.
This study showed …
The Continuum Of Care For The Traumatic Brain Injured, Maile M.K. Collado
The Continuum Of Care For The Traumatic Brain Injured, Maile M.K. Collado
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Physical therapists play an important role in the rehabilitation and management of the traumatic brain injured (TBI) patient. Physical therapy is accomplished through therapeutic strategies, intervention techniques, and recommendations for placement and discharge. Many times P.T. services are discontinued for various reasons, two of which are loss of reimbursement or the perception that the patient no longer requires P.T. services. Many times, however, services are discontinued due to a lack of awareness of available services.
There is limited research available that follows the TBI patient along the continuum of care towards reintegration into society .. Thus, the purpose of this …
A Literature Review Of The Results Of Traditional Versus Accelerated Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Acl) Rehabilitation In Treatment Following Acl Reconstruction, Cara L. Conway
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
In recent years, the rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has undergone changes in its protocol. The changes in ACL rehabilitation protocol are due to clinical observations and trends in ACL rehabilitation across the country. The traditional and presently used accelerated ACL rehabilitation programs are not much different in the activities performed as in the time frames when each activity is permitted.
The main purpose of this literature review is to provide material for clinicians to have accurate and recent knowledge of ACL rehabilitation. This knowledge will allow the clinician to provide the best and most beneficial treatment to …
A Survey: The Documentation Of Manual Therapy, Kimo Danielsen
A Survey: The Documentation Of Manual Therapy, Kimo Danielsen
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Manual therapy, though clinically valuable, lacks published research to support efficacy. The purpose of this project was to survey therapists in the U.S. who use manual therapy · in their clinical practice. Methods: All orthopedic clinical specialists (OCS) in the United States (n=325) as recognized by the American Physical Therapy Association's 1993 Directory of Clinical Specialists were sent a survey that contained questions regarding demographics, frequency of documentation, and items included in documentation. . The information gained through the survey questions were analyzed for descriptive trends. Results: There was a 45% response rate. Majority of the respondents indicated they were …
Guidelines And Benefits For Exercising The Elderly, Nita Farbo
Guidelines And Benefits For Exercising The Elderly, Nita Farbo
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The population of elderly individuals is continually growing due to advancements in medicine and technology. Several physiological and psychological changes occur throughout the aging process. Regular physical activity is an effective therapy for slowing the aging process and preventing many of the conditions that occur with aging, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, diabetes, depression, and anxiety. In addition, the active individual is more independent and functional in his or her activities of daily living compared to the person who remains sedentary. Older individuals who maintain functional levels of flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular endurance are rarely candidates for nursing …
A Review Of The Utilization Of Emg Biofeedback, Jeanine Lee Forsgren
A Review Of The Utilization Of Emg Biofeedback, Jeanine Lee Forsgren
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback is gaining popularity as a treatment modality in physical therapy. It is used in the areas of neurological and orthopedic rehabilitation as well as injury prevention and performance improvement. The use of this modality can aid in the rehabilitation process by identifying weak muscles which need to be strengthened. Physical therapy also utilizes EMG biofeedback to identify and change movement patterns which may contribute to injury through the overuse or incorrect use of various muscles. EMG biofeedback is used to assist the patient in learning how to control muscular movement to correct the problems which are identified. …
Management Of Spasticity: A Review Of Two Methods Of Medical Intervention, Andrea Grock
Management Of Spasticity: A Review Of Two Methods Of Medical Intervention, Andrea Grock
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Spasticity is an entity with which physical therapists are quite frequently faced. It is a common phenomenon among individuals who have sustained central nervous system damage. Spasticity is "associated with a wide variety of neurological diagnoses and may have benefits as well as negative qualities. The negative effects can lead to multiple complications which interfere with functions of every day living. Management of spasticity becomes necessary when it ~causes complications or interferes with function. There are several modes of intervention, including conservative physical therapy approaches and/or medical approaches.
The purpose of this independent study is to review two medical methods …
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Bryan L. Guthmiller
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Bryan L. Guthmiller
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Delayed-onset muscular soreness (DOMS), the sensation of pain and stiffness in the muscles that occurs from 1-5 days following unaccustomed exercise, can adversely affect muscle performance, both from voluntary reduction of effort and from inherent loss of capacity of the muscles to produce force. This exercise-induced muscle damage causes a response that can be characterized by a cascade of metabolic events. Increased circulating neutrophils and interleukin-1 occurs within 24 hours after the exercise, with skeletal muscle levels remaining elevated for a much longer time. Several theories underlying the physiological mechanisms of DOMS have been proposed. The majority of evidence contradicts …
A Correlation Between Generalized Joint Hypermobility And Kt-1000 Values: A Prediction Of Knee Pathology, Leatha Noreen Hawbaker
A Correlation Between Generalized Joint Hypermobility And Kt-1000 Values: A Prediction Of Knee Pathology, Leatha Noreen Hawbaker
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between students identified with generalized joint hypermobility and their values of knee joint mobility as measured by the KT-1000 knee ligament arthrometer.
Sixty healthy female high school sophomores, active in basketball, participated in this study. They were evaluated using: 1) the Beighton hypermobility criteria and 2) the KT-1000 knee ligament arthrometer. The KT- 1000 variables identified were the anterior 20 lb. displacement, compliance index, and the total anterior-posterior displacement.
With an alpha level set at .05, one-tailed, the T-test for independent samples identified no significant difference in the …
An Overview Of Multidirectional Instability Of The Shoulder, Troy Ivesdal
An Overview Of Multidirectional Instability Of The Shoulder, Troy Ivesdal
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Multidirectional instability (MOl) of the shoulder is an increasingly recognized clinical entity to physical therapists, yet it remains poorly defined and not fully understood. The clinical importance of correct diagnosis is necessary for rehabilitation and surgical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of MOl and its importance in the field of physical therapy.
General anatomy will be presented with attention given to biomechanics which may lead to this pathology. Etiological factors will be discussed including symptoms and proper diagnostic procedures for instability. Finally, treatment of multidirectional instability will be reviewed with a focus on proprioceptive …
The Effects Of Family Dynamics On Pediatric Intervention, Michelle L. Jung
The Effects Of Family Dynamics On Pediatric Intervention, Michelle L. Jung
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The family unit in America is becoming extremely diverse in its composition, perceptions, and capabilities. It is this diversity which challenges professionals to perceive and interact with each family as an unique entity. Most importantly, though, is the influence of family dynamics on the outcomes of therapeutic interventions for children with disabilities. Since the passage of Public Law 99-457, the focus of intervention has moved from treatment of the individual child to services involving the family as a single functioning unit. . Services are then provided to the child and family, as the family needs influence the child's growth and …
Ergogenic Aids For Athletes, Eric Kamimura
Ergogenic Aids For Athletes, Eric Kamimura
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The use of ergogenic aids is widespread, with users ranging from recreational to professional athletes. Perhaps the Olympics has received more publicity regarding the use of ergogenic aids than any other athletic event.
It is widely understood that anabolic steroids and other drugs can be very dangerous. As a result, more and more athletes are seeking safer alternative methods in order to enhance athletic performance. With this attitude, a number of athletes are purchasing protein, multi vitamin/mineral, and carbohydrate supplements as well as other ergogenic aids in the belief that these supplements will improve their athletic performance. However, some of …
A Review Of Spinal Rom Measurement Tools, Dawn Kamihara
A Review Of Spinal Rom Measurement Tools, Dawn Kamihara
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Physical therapists rely on measurements to communicate with one another, establish patient status, predict treatment response, document treatment efficacy, and claim scientific credibility for the profession. Therefore, the quality of measurements should be of great concern to physical therapists and, hence, therapists should be able to examine the quality of measurement tools they are using critically. A variety of measurement tools are being utilized in physical therapy to quantify spinal mobility; however, there is no clarity as to which of the tools are optimal. In particular, the spinal range of motion measurement tools will be examined because of the high …
Total Quality Management In Physical Therapy: A Primer For Physical Therapists In Search Of Quality, Brian C. Kittelson
Total Quality Management In Physical Therapy: A Primer For Physical Therapists In Search Of Quality, Brian C. Kittelson
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Total quality management (TQM), a management system first successfully utilized in the manufacturing industry, has gained much popularity in the healthcare industry over the past few years. Books, articles, conferences, workshops, and video tapes that teach health care executives how to utilize TQM in their organizations abound. Unfortunately, resources which specifically apply the TQM philosophy and tools to the practice of physical therapy are few. The purpose of this project is to provide a resource that introduces the philosophy, methods, and tools of TQM with applications to the physical therapy setting.
Chapter one briefly discusses the general history of TQM …
Parkinson's Disease: An Exercise Approach To Treatment, Kara Lynn Klosterman
Parkinson's Disease: An Exercise Approach To Treatment, Kara Lynn Klosterman
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Parkinson's Disease (PO) is a common neurological disorder affecting elderly people. Patients suffering from PO typically display three cardinal signs: tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. As the disease progresses, secondary symptoms develop. These cardinal signs and secondary symptoms decrease the patient's abilities to function during normal daily activity.
Physical therapists are specially trained in the evaluation and treatment of persons with movement disorders such as PD. Research demonstrates success in the treatment of PO when physical therapy services are utilized. Physical therapists educate patients and their families about PD. Via exercise, physical therapists prevent the onset of complications and improve the …
Analysis Of Normal Human Postural Response During Stance, Christy M. Kramer
Analysis Of Normal Human Postural Response During Stance, Christy M. Kramer
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that examines normal standing postural responses including sensory input and motor response. This literature review also reviews changes in the use of sensory input and motor response which occur throughout the human lifespan. In addition, this literature review questions whether physical therapy can assist patients whose postural responses are not within ranges considered normal.
The information in this literature review should assist people within the field of physical therapy to increase their awareness of normal postural responses during stance. It should also increase the awareness among practitioners of how normal …
The Effects Of Repeat Testing On Performance Scores Utilizing The Isostation B-200, Stephanie D. Kyes
The Effects Of Repeat Testing On Performance Scores Utilizing The Isostation B-200, Stephanie D. Kyes
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
The purpose of this experimental study was twofold: 1) to determine if there was a significant increase in performance, or learning effect, between the first and second test sessions on the Isostation B-200 for normal subjects, and 2) if so, was there a specific percentage of increase that can be attributed as a learning effect for each age, gender, or activity level.
Twenty-two subjects (8 men, 14 women) with no prior history or treatment for low back pain were utilized in this study. All subjects were tested in two positions. First, in an upright standing position and second, in twenty …
Patient Compliance With Medical Regimens, Stacie R. Lund
Patient Compliance With Medical Regimens, Stacie R. Lund
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Patient compliance is defined as the patients' following a request, wish, or demand that a health care provider has decided is necessary and beneficial for the improvement of the health of the patient. Oftentimes, though suggestions by providers are in the patient's best interest, patients will instead either disregard what has been told to them or actively go against the suggestions. Certainly, the patient is the manager of his/her own health care program, however, noncompliance is a very common problem. There are several reasons for noncompliance, including the psychological make-up of the patient, the patient's social environment, the nature of …
Outcome Based Survey On The University Of North Dakota Physical Therapy Curriculum, Elizabeth L. Malae
Outcome Based Survey On The University Of North Dakota Physical Therapy Curriculum, Elizabeth L. Malae
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
According to the American Physical Therapy Association's (APTA) current Standards for Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education Programs, "Criterion A for Standard VI states: The Comprehensive curriculum plan includes an organized and sequential series of integrated student-oriented learning experiences designed to enhance attainment of terminal competencies." How can we be sure that these educational goals and objectives of achieving technical clinical competency and meeting the needs of society and the profession are being met? One method is to get feedback from the students involved in the physical therapy program by means of a survey. This study will examine the content and …
The Role Of Foot Biomechanics In Lower Extremity Pathologies, Don Martin
The Role Of Foot Biomechanics In Lower Extremity Pathologies, Don Martin
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Lower extremity pathologies caused by abnormal biomechanics of the subtalar joint are commonly seen in the health care setting. Certain foot types will predispose an individual to excessive amounts of subtalar joint pronation or supination during gait. Subtalar joint movement is transmitted proximally to the lower extremity during gait and excessive amounts of pronation or supination can lead to altered biomechanics in the lower extremity with development of various lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical events of the subtalar joint of the foot during gait in order to show how abnormalities in these …
Fibromyalgia: Diagnosis And Management, Janet Mckinnon Rasmusson
Fibromyalgia: Diagnosis And Management, Janet Mckinnon Rasmusson
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Fibromyalgia is a nonarticular rheumatic disease of unknown origin. It is diagnosed by the presence of widespread pain of more than three months duration and tenderness at 11 or more of 18 tender point sites. Typical symptoms of this syndrome are generalized pain, stiffness, and chronic fatigue due to sleep disturbances. Other uncommon symptoms include headaches, anxiety, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and numbness. These symptoms become worse with the presence of modulating factors such as weather, stress, fatigue, overexertion, or inactivity.
The purposes of this independent study are to examine the prevalence and demographics of this disorder, discuss the etiology …
A Review Of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability, Marcy K. Narum
A Review Of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability, Marcy K. Narum
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Ankle injuries constitute one of the most common and most frequent injuries affecting the lower extremities, with lateral ligament sprains comprising the majority of the ankle injuries. The development of chronic lateral ankle instability is a relatively common occurrence following an acute ankle sprain. Previously the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability has been primary surgical intervention, but more recently the initial treatment is shifting toward a conservative approach emphasizing functional rehabilitation of the unstable ankle. Frequently the treatment of recurrent sprains and chronic instability addresses only the symptoms; however, a treatment program addressing the underlying causes of instability needs …
An Emg Analysis Of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Versus Open Kinetic Chain Exercise In The Upper Extremity, Bradley J. Neis
An Emg Analysis Of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Versus Open Kinetic Chain Exercise In The Upper Extremity, Bradley J. Neis
Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects
Both closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain activities are common in rehabilitation involving the lower extremity and the upper extremity. Although closed chain activities are performed regularly in the rehabilitation setting for the upper extremity, there has been little or no research proving that these activities are better, worse, or the same as open chain activities. Therefore, the purpose of this research project was to compare muscle activity in both open and closed chain exercises in the upper extremity and determine if there is a difference in the two forms of exercise. Five healthy subjects without previous shoulder or …