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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Factors Affecting Rats' Location During Conditioned Suppression Training, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres
Factors Affecting Rats' Location During Conditioned Suppression Training, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
If freezing underlies barpress conditioned suppression, then it seems odd that auditory cues paired with shock evoke more freezing than do visual cues, yet evoke similar suppression. Bevins and Ayres (1992) found that auditory and visual cues also evoked similar withdrawal from the bar and dipper areas and suggested that such withdrawal could explain the similar suppression. Seeking to understand that withdrawal, we found evidence in the present study that it was due either to adventitious punishment or to place-aversion learning. The cue for shock seemed to set the occasion for such learning. For example, we found that, as training …
Social Networks And Daily Activities Of Street Youth In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Regina Campos, Marcela Raffaelli, Walter Ude, Marilia Greco, Andrea Ruff, Jon Rolf, Carlos Mauricio Antunes, Neal Halsey, Dirceu Greco, Mauro Jeronymo, Carl Kendall, Alice Payne Merritt, Jorge Andrade Pinto, Eliana Siqueira, Barbara De Zalduondo
Social Networks And Daily Activities Of Street Youth In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Regina Campos, Marcela Raffaelli, Walter Ude, Marilia Greco, Andrea Ruff, Jon Rolf, Carlos Mauricio Antunes, Neal Halsey, Dirceu Greco, Mauro Jeronymo, Carl Kendall, Alice Payne Merritt, Jorge Andrade Pinto, Eliana Siqueira, Barbara De Zalduondo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Social networks and daily activities of children and adolescents living and/or working on the streets of a large Brazilian city were examined. Drawing on data collected through structured surveys, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations, we described street youths’ family situation, social resources, institutional experiences, survival activities, and problem behaviors and investigated differences attributable to age, gender, and living situation (at home or on the street). Youngsters who lived at home and worked on the street appeared to be experiencing orderly development despite their impoverished circumstances. Youngsters who lived on the street showed hallmarks of psychological and physical …
Extra-Legal Factors And Product Liability: The Influence Of Mock Jurors’ Demographic Characteristics And Intuitions About The Cause Of An Injury, Brian H. Bornstein, Michelle Rajki
Extra-Legal Factors And Product Liability: The Influence Of Mock Jurors’ Demographic Characteristics And Intuitions About The Cause Of An Injury, Brian H. Bornstein, Michelle Rajki
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Two experiments were performed to investigate the role of extra-legal factors in a simulated product liability trial. In cases where the factual evidence was identical, subjects’ liability judgments varied as a function of the case-specific factor of the alleged source of the plaintiff’s injury. In deciding cases differently depending on the alleged cause, subjects relied on intuitions about what injury sources are more or less likely to cause a certain kind of injury. Juror- specific factors also influenced subjects’ verdicts. There was no difference between students and non-students, but race and SES—factors that are often correlated with student status—did affect …
The Identification And Reporting Of Physical Abuse By Physicians: A Review And Implications For Research, Jody E. Warner, David J. Hansen
The Identification And Reporting Of Physical Abuse By Physicians: A Review And Implications For Research, Jody E. Warner, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Identification and reporting of possible cases of child physical abuse are critical precursors to intervention with maltreating families. Professionals from a variety of disciplines are mandated to report suspected cases of child maltreatment. Unfortunately, not all physically abused children are identified or reported. This paper reviews the literature that has examined factors that may influence the identification and reporting of physical abuse by physicians. The literature review is preceded by an overview of the multistep, multibehavior process of identification and reporting. The factors that may influence identification and reporting are discussed according to their association with the case, physician, or …
Socialization Of Children’S Vicarious Emotional Responding And Prosocial Behavior: Relations With Mothers' Perceptions Of Children's Emotional Reactivity , Richard A. Fabes, Nancy Eisenberg, Mariss Karbon, Jane Bernzweig, Anna Lee Speer, Gustavo Carlo
Socialization Of Children’S Vicarious Emotional Responding And Prosocial Behavior: Relations With Mothers' Perceptions Of Children's Emotional Reactivity , Richard A. Fabes, Nancy Eisenberg, Mariss Karbon, Jane Bernzweig, Anna Lee Speer, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We examined mother-child emotion-related interactions and how these interactions related to mothers’ perceptions of children’s emotional reactivity. Mothers of 49 kindergartners and 54 2nd graders told their children 2 stories about distressed others. Children’s emotional, physiological, and prosocial responses were also obtained. Mothers rated children’s tendencies to become emotional when exposed to distressed others. For kindergartners, mothers’ perceptions of children’s emotional reactivity were positively related to her use of positive facial expressions. Mothers’ perceptions of 2nd graders’ emotional reactivity were inversely related to maternal responsiveness. For both age groups, children’s skin conductance was inversely related to helpfulness. These findings suggest …
A Multiplicative Model Of The Dispositional Antecedents Of A Prosocial Behavior: Predicting More Of The People More Of The Time, George Knight, Lora G. Johnson, Gustavo Carlo, Nancy Eisenberg
A Multiplicative Model Of The Dispositional Antecedents Of A Prosocial Behavior: Predicting More Of The People More Of The Time, George Knight, Lora G. Johnson, Gustavo Carlo, Nancy Eisenberg
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Researchers have demonstrated that individual differences in prosocial behavior may be a function of dispositional or person variables. However, the observed empirical relations have been relatively modest, perhaps because researchers have most often examined simple additive or single predictor models. The present investigation examined a multiplicative model of the relation of dispositional variables to a prosocial behavior. Eighty-six children between 6 and 9 years old completed a monetary donation task and measures of the general tendency to understand and reason about the affective state of others, to be sympathetic, and to understand the units and value of money. As expected, …
“Introduction” To Integrative Views Of Motivation, Cognition, And Emotion, William D. Spaulding
“Introduction” To Integrative Views Of Motivation, Cognition, And Emotion, William D. Spaulding
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
One of my formative experiences as a graduate student came during a break in our afternoon-long first-year proseminar. We had been discussing the scope of psychology, or rather, listening to two professors debate the scope of psychology. Both the protagonists were clinical psychologists by training, but one had remained an empirically focused social learning theorist, while the other had pursued the study of Eastern religion, psychoanalysis, and transpersonal psychology. As the class milled about, the social learning empiricist sought some closure on the discussion. "Dick," he said to his transpersonal colleague, "it seems to me that we disagree because in …
Mind And Measurement: Review Of Daniel Algom (Ed.), Psychophysical Approaches To Cognition, John H. Flowers
Mind And Measurement: Review Of Daniel Algom (Ed.), Psychophysical Approaches To Cognition, John H. Flowers
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
I believe this volume will stimulate new research ideas, provide readers with some unique historical and philosophical perspectives, and raise important basic theoretical issues about both measurement and cognitive structure. Additionally, several of the chapters provide useful topical reviews (e.g., Baird and Hubbard on imagery, Algom on memory psychophysics, and Rollman on pain). The volume makes a compelling case that cognitive effects are an important component of psychophysical judgment even within the sensory realm and that psychophysical techniques can and should be used to tell us more about aspects of cognition. Whether the latter message will be heard by those …