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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Comparison Of A Dynamic Ankle Orthosis To A Walking Boot For Preserving Ankle Joint Motion And Reducing Tibial Bone Load And Strain, Perri Johnson Jr.
Comparison Of A Dynamic Ankle Orthosis To A Walking Boot For Preserving Ankle Joint Motion And Reducing Tibial Bone Load And Strain, Perri Johnson Jr.
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Tibial stress fractures are a common overuse injury accounting for 21.9 – 69% of stress fractures among runners and 24 – 51.2% of stress fractures in military cadets. Current treatment involves wearing a walking boot for 3 – 12 weeks, which limits ankle motion and causes lower limb muscle atrophy. A Dynamic Ankle Orthosis (DAO) provided a distractive force that offloaded the ankle and retained sagittal ankle excursion during walking. It remains unclear how tibial loading is affected by a walking boot or the DAO. This thesis presents a feasibility study confirming the offloading effects of the DAO on tibial …
Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita
Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Helicobacter pylori is a high-priority drug-resistant pathogen and is currently the only bacteria considered to be a class I carcinogen and there is a critical need to identify novel chemical matter to treat H. pylori infections. Hp is responsible for greater than 60% of gastric cancer related deaths and 89% of all gastric cancer morbidities. In a previous study, our lab identified novel Hp thienopyrmidine inhibitors that target respiratory complex I, an essential enzyme in respiration. Respiratory complex I is a large asymmetric multidomain and membrane bound enzyme and due to these innate features, it is not practical for biophysical …
Methods Development In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Andrew B. Steimke
Methods Development In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Andrew B. Steimke
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease that is classified into two subtypes: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to requiring surgical intervention and affects approximately 1-in-200 adults in America alone, with global incidence rates increasing. While many treatments exist for IBD, perhaps the main reason for the lack of a cure is that there are many different pathogeneses that all lead to a very similar expression of symptoms. Over 240 IBD loci have been identified to date, yet the causative allele that drives the association has only been identified in ~60 of …
The Uncertainty And Psychological Health Of Family Caregivers Of Patients With Delirium In Intensive Care Units, Amal Shokri Haji Assa
The Uncertainty And Psychological Health Of Family Caregivers Of Patients With Delirium In Intensive Care Units, Amal Shokri Haji Assa
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Each year, more than 5 million patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in the United States, and up to 80 % of these patients develop delirium. Delirium is a common indicator of acute brain dysfunction in the ICU and a predictor of mortality, longer ICU/hospital stay, and long-term cognitive impairment. Family caregivers are a valuable resource in preventing, detecting, and managing delirium in the ICU. However, witnessing delirium episodes can generate adverse psychological symptoms in family caregivers that may compromise their health and well-being. Research in this area has demonstrated a gap in the literature regarding how …
A Cloning-Free Recyclable System For Crispr-Cas9 Mediated Mutant And Reversion Construction In Candida Albicans Clinical Isolates, Amanda K. Vogel
A Cloning-Free Recyclable System For Crispr-Cas9 Mediated Mutant And Reversion Construction In Candida Albicans Clinical Isolates, Amanda K. Vogel
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Candida albicans is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen and one of the most prevalent causes of fungal diseases worldwide. The reference isolate SC5314 is one of the most widely used strains for both experimental and genetic studies, but it is becoming increasingly evident that genetic diversity in clinical isolates plays an important role in antifungal resistance, virulence, and pathogenicity. These recent discoveries highlight the need for genetic tools that are capable of investigating genes in multiple strain backgrounds. Here we build on the SAT1-flipper method and combine it with CRISPR-Cas9 technology to achieve cloning-free homozygous deletion in a single transformation …
Inflammatory Response Following Hemorrhagic Stroke: The Role Of Cytokines, Patrick Devlin
Inflammatory Response Following Hemorrhagic Stroke: The Role Of Cytokines, Patrick Devlin
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Hemorrhagic stroke is a dangerous form of stroke resulting from the rupturing of weakened blood vessels, releasing blood that increases intracranial pressure and causes the death of surrounding tissue. Treatment options are improving but remain limited, as evidenced by this condition being characterized by high rates of mortality as well as long-term morbidity. Unregulated inflammatory responses that occur following injury may be partially to blame for these poor outcomes. In response to any injury, the immune system releases cytokines to recruit immune cell activation and promote inflammation. But after hemorrhagic stroke, whether aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), …
Associations Between Postpartum Depression And Child Overweight And Obesity: Mediating Effect Of Maternal Feeding Behaviors And Beliefs, Michelle Harrison
Associations Between Postpartum Depression And Child Overweight And Obesity: Mediating Effect Of Maternal Feeding Behaviors And Beliefs, Michelle Harrison
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Purpose. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental condition that significantly affects 10% to 25% of women within the first year after the birth of their child. The mother-infant relationship is key to child growth. Previous studies have shown that PPD has a detrimental effect on children’s physical and psychological well-being as it affects the child through the mother’s parenting behavior. Depressed mothers show a lack of engagement with their children, which could extend to feeding practices influencing weight gain. The prevalence and severity of childhood overweight and obesity is a global public health problem. An increase in weight gain in …
Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit Switching In Hepatoblastoma Drug Response And Relapse, Anthony Brown
Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit Switching In Hepatoblastoma Drug Response And Relapse, Anthony Brown
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in infants and young children. Despite being a very rare cancer that accounts for only 0.5-2% if all childhood cancer cases, HB has the largest increase in incidence among childhood cancers in the United States and worldwide. The five-year survival rate of children with the aggressive forms of HB, including those that have developed metastatic or recurrent diseases, is less than 40% due to the lack of effective treatment. We aim to identify targetable mechanisms underlying the progression and drug resistance of high-risk HB. Our recent work on HB mouse and organoid …
Nursing Perspectives And Opinions On Early Or Delayed Sepsis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Approach, Pamela L. Harris
Nursing Perspectives And Opinions On Early Or Delayed Sepsis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Approach, Pamela L. Harris
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Purpose. Each year at least 1.7 million adults in America develop sepsis. Sepsis can lead to life threatening organ dysfunction, severe hypotension, and death when severe sepsis or septic shock is involved. Sepsis is responsible for 50% of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is the most common form of organ dysfunction seen in critical care. Sepsis associated AKI results in loss of, or decreased renal function, is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, and carries a higher mortality rate than non-septic AKI, sepsis without AKI, or septic shock without AKI. Surviving sepsis guidelines suggests a 1-hour window from the time of …
Sepsis: Do The Clinical Criteria Support The Medical Coding?, April M. Insco
Sepsis: Do The Clinical Criteria Support The Medical Coding?, April M. Insco
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Background: Sepsis is a condition that can be very costly and very deadly. Diagnosing sepsis can be challenging as there is not one specific test that will identify whether a patient has sepsis and there are varying opinions as to the true definition of sepsis. The definition of sepsis used for this research is a combination of System Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) with an identified infection. Medical Coders must review the documentation provided in a medical record to accurately assign an ICD-10-CM code. Administrative data is then used to provide statistical information for research purposes. When coded data is not …
Otulin's Novel Regulatory Mechanisms In Genotoxic And Inflammatory Nf-Kb Signaling, Mingqi Li
Otulin's Novel Regulatory Mechanisms In Genotoxic And Inflammatory Nf-Kb Signaling, Mingqi Li
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive but cannot be treated with hormone therapy or molecular therapy due to the lack of a target. Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that works by attacking rapidly growing cells, which is initially more effective for TNBC patients than those individuals with the hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, patients with TNBC tend to develop resistance to chemo drugs, called chemoresistance. After years of effort, the signaling pathways involved in TNBC chemoresistance are gradually revealed, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. Transcription factor NF-kB is widely involved in cancer development and progression, and its …
Targeting Myeloid Protein Kinase C Signaling To Overcome Immune Suppression And Improve Immunotherapy In Cancer, Mehdi Chaib
Targeting Myeloid Protein Kinase C Signaling To Overcome Immune Suppression And Improve Immunotherapy In Cancer, Mehdi Chaib
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Checkpoint immunotherapy unleashes T cell antitumor potential which has revolutionized cancer treatment showing unprecedented long-term responses. However, most patients do not respond to immunotherapy which often correlates with a dysfunctional or immunosuppressive myeloid compartment. Immunosuppressive myeloid cells comprise Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and can suppress T cells via production of immunosuppressive factors. Conversely, efficient cytotoxic T cell priming is dependent on the ability of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), mainly conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and macrophages, to present or cross-present tumor antigens to T cells. Thus, targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells while simultaneously enhancing APCs represents a promising strategy …
The Role And Immunogenicity Of Cbfa2t3-Glis2 In Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia, Elizabeth A. Garfinkle
The Role And Immunogenicity Of Cbfa2t3-Glis2 In Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia, Elizabeth A. Garfinkle
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
CBFA2T3-GLIS2 is the most prevalent fusion oncogene in pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in patients without Down syndrome (non-DS-AMKL) and is associated with an event free survival of only 8% even with high intensity chemotherapy and stem cell transplant in first remission. A cryptic inversion event on chromosome 16 joins the three nervy homology regions (NHR) of CBFA2T3 to the five zinc fingers of GLIS2. This configuration enables the encoded chimeric transcription factor to bind GLIS consensus sequences throughout the genome and recruit transcriptional activators and repressors to alter gene expression and enhance self-renewal capability. Few cooperating mutations have been identified …
A Neurophysiological Investigation Of Listening Effort In Normal Hearing Adults Using Fnirs And Pupillometry, Jessica Defenderfer
A Neurophysiological Investigation Of Listening Effort In Normal Hearing Adults Using Fnirs And Pupillometry, Jessica Defenderfer
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Real-world conversations are often accompanied by some sort of interference that challenges the clarity of the speaker’s message, causing listeners to exert more effort to understand speech. Previous research has demonstrated that when listening to speech becomes difficult, various regions of the brain are recruited beyond those which engage during optimal listening conditions. However, the neural correlates that underly listening effort are not fully understood. Importantly, the pupillary response can be used to index listening effort, such that pupil size increases with increasing cognitive demand. I proposed that pupillometry can be used to characterize the cortical response, such that changes …
Predictors Of Hyperkalemia And Outcomes Of Dyskalemia In Us Veterans With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Transitioning To Dialysis, Ankur Dashputre
Predictors Of Hyperkalemia And Outcomes Of Dyskalemia In Us Veterans With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Transitioning To Dialysis, Ankur Dashputre
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Background: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of serum potassium levels (K+). Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a higher risk of experiencing dyskalemia events (i.e. hyper- and hypokalemia; especially the former) and thus future adverse outcomes. Currently, there is a dearth of literature on prediction models for hyperkalemia and the effects of dyskalemia on outcomes such as incidence of ischemic stroke and short-term hospital/emergency room (ER) utilization in an advanced CKD population transitioning to dialysis. Objectives: Using a nationally representative sample of US veterans with advanced CKD transitioning to dialysis, in the pre-dialysis …
Cellular Dynamics And Disease Outcome Of Type 3 Streptococcus Pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Differ Between Strains, Taylor Rae Plunkett White
Cellular Dynamics And Disease Outcome Of Type 3 Streptococcus Pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Differ Between Strains, Taylor Rae Plunkett White
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen that continues to be a major cause of disease around the world. It is not only the number one cause of bacterial pneumonia but also the cause of about 15% of the deaths of children under 5 around the world. There is a lot of research done on this organism, but with around 100 known serotypes and each one producing a unique capsule, there is still much more to be studied. The Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study conducted by the CDC observed the burden of hospitalizations caused by pneumonia while determining …
Developing Targeted Therapies For T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Jianzhong Hu
Developing Targeted Therapies For T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Jianzhong Hu
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children, and risk-adapted chemotherapies have dramatically improved the outcomes of this disease. Compared to B-cell ALL, T-cell ALL (T-ALL) is more aggressive and has worse outcomes from chemotherapy. There is a great unmet need to develop biomarkers and novel targeted therapies for this type of cancer. Working together with internal and external collaborators, we performed a large-scale pharmacotyping assay in over 300 primary ALL samples. By combining pharmacotypying and genomic profiling of these samples, we identified a substantial T-ALL population that showed strong response to dasatinib, a known ABL1 …
A Rodent Animal Model For Forelimb To Lower Jaw Reorganization In Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Si) Barrel Field, Violeta Pellicer Morata
A Rodent Animal Model For Forelimb To Lower Jaw Reorganization In Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Si) Barrel Field, Violeta Pellicer Morata
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
The goal of this study is to examine mechanisms underlying cortical reorganization in rat primary somatosensory (SI) cortex that follows forelimb deafferentation. The majority of human patients suffering from limb loss or brachial plexus avulsion injury, as well as patients that receive brachial plexus anesthesia, report phantom limb sensations/pain which are often associated with cortical reorganization. Patients with upper-limb deafferentation report sensations of the missing hand during tactile stimulation of the face, and this phenomenon has been termed hand-to-face remapping. We sought to develop a rodent model of deafferentation; our model system is the rat SI cortex barrel field present …
Mitophagy-Mediated Regulation Of Ros Homeostasis During Hsc Activation Contributes To Cell Fate, Amber Lynne Smith
Mitophagy-Mediated Regulation Of Ros Homeostasis During Hsc Activation Contributes To Cell Fate, Amber Lynne Smith
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
The ability of hematopoietic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate is required for the maintenance of all blood lineages under basal physiologic conditions and in response to inflammatory stress. The degradative capacity of the autophagy-lysosomal system is a determinant of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activation status with low autophagy predicting activation of HSCs, and autophagy deficiency causing the spontaneous loss of quiescence and HSC exhaustion. Although an increase in mitochondrial activity has been suggested as the cause of HSC depletion in autophagy-defective models, the contribution of mitophagy to HSC function remains to be elucidated. Here, we capitalized on the observation …
Immunomodulatory Roles Of The Lysosomal Sialidase Neuraminidase 1, Leigh Ellen Fremuth
Immunomodulatory Roles Of The Lysosomal Sialidase Neuraminidase 1, Leigh Ellen Fremuth
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Background Sialic acids are key sugar moieties located at the non-reducing terminals of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. By virtue of their location, they influence the functions and biochemical properties of the macromolecules they are bound to. Removal of sialic acids in mammalian cells is carried out by four sialidases, which are differentially expressed and localized in distinct subcellular compartments. Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1), the most abundant and ubiquitous of the four sialidases, functions primarily in the acidic environment of the lysosomes, but can hydrolyze substrates at the plasma membrane, at least in certain cell types. The enzyme initiates the …