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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Negative Health Effects And Recommendations For The Reduction Of Exposure To Toxic Substances In The Auto Body And Auto Repair Industry, Grace Barlet
Public Health Undergraduate Program
This paper will examine the negative health effects of exposure to hazardous and toxic substances used in the workplace of auto body and auto repair workers. These include volatile organic compounds found in paints and solvents (such as toluene, xylene, and isocyanates), as well as airborne particles released from sanding and grinding that may contain silica and heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and chromium. Workers need to be aware of how these substances can adversely affect their health, and what they can do to protect themselves since several of these chemicals have no established exposure limit. Employers must safeguard their …
State Compliance On The Cdc Recommendations For Hepatitis C Testing, Amanda Norcott
State Compliance On The Cdc Recommendations For Hepatitis C Testing, Amanda Norcott
Public Health Undergraduate Program
Last August, the CDC updated its recommendations regarding what populations are at risk and should get tested for the hepatitis C virus, adding that those born from 1945 through 1965, or “baby boomers”, should receive a one-time Hepatitis C test due to the disproportionate number of cases in the age group. My goal was to identify which states are in compliance with these recommendations, and how many include the latest update. I collected data by searching specific terms about Hepatitis C within each state’s department of health website; I found that 34% of states were fully in line with the …
Social Interaction And Youth Smoking, Min Chen
Social Interaction And Youth Smoking, Min Chen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Young people are psychologically immature, and are easy to be influenced by others to engage in risky behaviors. Based on the data from the NLSY79, this dissertation examines how maternal smoking, sibling smoking, and living in urban and rural areas impact on youth smoking decisions.
Potential For High Resolution Microscintigraphy Using Polycapillary Optics, Patrick Richard Conlon
Potential For High Resolution Microscintigraphy Using Polycapillary Optics, Patrick Richard Conlon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Scintigraphy, also known as nuclear imaging, is the process of imaging an object that has been labeled with a radioactive material. A novel technique employing polycapillary optics for very high - resolution scintigraphy is presented. The small channel size and angular selectivity of polycapillary optics allow them to act as multiple-hole collimators and be used with high - resolution detectors. The ability of the optics to work with high resolution detectors allow the system to discriminate against scatter, thus negating the need for energy sensitive detectors, which are known to have poor resolution. Therefore the use of polycapillary optics presents …
Using Administrative Data To Estimate The Burden Of Chlamydia Among Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees In New York State, Lindsay W. Cogan
Using Administrative Data To Estimate The Burden Of Chlamydia Among Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees In New York State, Lindsay W. Cogan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is of public health concern because of its adverse effects on reproduction. Women infected with Chlamydia can develop pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to serious reproductive system morbidity including ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
Investigating The Main Effects And Interactions Of Induced Mood And Emotional Urgency On Self-Report Cannabis Craving And Consumption, Joseph Anthony De Leo
Investigating The Main Effects And Interactions Of Induced Mood And Emotional Urgency On Self-Report Cannabis Craving And Consumption, Joseph Anthony De Leo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current research investigates the role of induced mood states and emotional urgency - a mood-based facet of impulsivity, on cannabis use behaviors. Specifically, this research aims to extend previous work linking impulsivity and substance use behaviors by examining the relation of `emotional urgency' on cannabis craving and consumption.
Hypertension Prevalence Among Adults In The United States (Nhanes 2007-2010) : Are There Race And Hispanic Origin Differences?, Philip M. Dimura
Hypertension Prevalence Among Adults In The United States (Nhanes 2007-2010) : Are There Race And Hispanic Origin Differences?, Philip M. Dimura
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of hypertension across race and ethnic categories in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for years 2007 to 2010.
In Utero Exposure To Antiretroviral Medication And Congenital Malformation Outcomes In New York State 1998-2010, Stephen Goins
In Utero Exposure To Antiretroviral Medication And Congenital Malformation Outcomes In New York State 1998-2010, Stephen Goins
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To examine the relationships between HIV ARV use during pregnancy and congenital malformations outcomes in New York State.
Effect Of Data Aggregation At Two Geographic Levels On The Association Between Absms And Gonorrhea Rates In Nys, 1999-2001, Christina Michelle Gray
Effect Of Data Aggregation At Two Geographic Levels On The Association Between Absms And Gonorrhea Rates In Nys, 1999-2001, Christina Michelle Gray
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study compared the association between residential area factors and gonorrhea, aggregated at both the census tract versus ZIP code levels. Prior research has found that census block groupings are most optimal in neighborhood-level studies, followed by census tracts and ZIP codes. Because several healthcare databases currently only provide ZIP code level data, the aim of this study was to examine whether there exists a meaningful difference between the interpretation of census tract and ZIP code aggregate data. Our study measured the association between socioeconomic factors and gonorrhea in New York State, exclusive of New York City (NYC), census tracts …
Augmenting Program Data With Secondary Data Sources To Improve The Quality Of Existing Statistics : Four Examples From The New York State Department Of Health Hospital-Acquired Infection Reporting Program, Valerie Benson Haley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the novel application of methods that can be used to improve the accuracy of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates. Public reporting of HAI rates is relatively new. New York was one of the first states to mandate reporting in acute care hospitals (2007), followed by national pay-for-reporting in 2011, and national value-based purchasing in 2013. Given the financial ramifications of public reporting, it is critical that the data are validated and adjusted for differences in underlying risk among patient populations so that hospital performance can be fairly compared. However, limited information on the …
Role Of P450 Enzymes In Tobacco Dependence And Lung Tumorigenesis, Lei Li
Role Of P450 Enzymes In Tobacco Dependence And Lung Tumorigenesis, Lei Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The overall aim of this study is to better define the roles of P450 enzymes, particularly those in the CYP2A, 2B, and 2F gene subfamilies, in the metabolism and actions of tobacco-related chemicals. Tobacco smoke contains numerous compounds that are deleterious to health, including the primary addictive component nicotine and procarcinogenic compounds, such as naphthalene (NA) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Our main hypotheses are i) that CYP2A and 2B enzymes are largely responsible for nicotine metabolism, and they can impact nicotine dependence; and ii) that CYP2A, 2B, and 2F enzymes play important and tissue-specific roles in NA and NNK bioactivation, leading …
Quantitative Evaluation Of Antibiotic Exposure-Response Relationships Among Patients With Serious Staphylococcal Infections, Thomas Patrick Lodise
Quantitative Evaluation Of Antibiotic Exposure-Response Relationships Among Patients With Serious Staphylococcal Infections, Thomas Patrick Lodise
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation advances our understanding of antimicrobial exposure-response relationships among patients with serious infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. The need is pressing as treatment of this invasive pathogen has been complicated by the development of antibiotic resistance. One antibiotic resistant phenotype of particular concern is methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Due to the multi-drug resistant nature of most MRSA strains, vancomycin emerged as the cornerstone of therapy. Although widely used for serious MRSA infections, many clinicians now question its continued utility due to the emergence of MRSA strains with reduced vancomycin susceptibility phenotypes (rVSPs). The literature is developing rapidly, but characterization …
Participation In Immersion Weight Loss Treatment May Benefit, Not Harm, Young Adult Staff Members, Katherine Elizabeth Schaumberg
Participation In Immersion Weight Loss Treatment May Benefit, Not Harm, Young Adult Staff Members, Katherine Elizabeth Schaumberg
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
American teens and young adults are at risk for developing pathological eating patterns, which can lead to eating disorders and obesity. Despite the success of weight management programs for obese individuals, some researchers caution that participation in an aggressive approach to weight management could promote the development of eating disorders. The current study evaluated the risks of following a weight management program for healthy young adults who served as staff members in immersion treatment of obesity over the course of a summer. Participants included Wellspring staff members (n = 108) along with a comparison group of young adults with similar …
Alternative Vaccination Schedules (Avs) : Detection Of Avs In New York State Using Immunization Registry Data, Jessica A. Nadeau
Alternative Vaccination Schedules (Avs) : Detection Of Avs In New York State Using Immunization Registry Data, Jessica A. Nadeau
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Intentional deviation from the recommended childhood vaccine schedule (RVS), referred to as an alternative vaccination schedule (AVS) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. Physicians may accommodate vaccine-hesitant parents with an AVS as a compromise position to allow some vaccinations to be given, but in doing so children remain vulnerable to vaccine-preventable disease for a longer period of time. This research expands upon the nascent literature by proposing a unified definition of AVS, quantifying the prevalence of infants following an AVS in New York State (NYS) (exclusive of New York City) by geographic area and community and medical practice …
The Effect Of Work And Family Role Stressors On The Well-Being Of Public Sector Employees In South Korea : Three Comparative Perspectives Of Gender, Role Domain, And Employment Sector, Geunpil Ryu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study aimed to address the main research question of how work and family role stressors effect employees' well-being. In particular, this study addressed four main research topics: (a) whether work and family role stressors are significantly associated with well-being indicators; (b) whether work and family role stressors are related differently to well-being for men and women; (c) whether work and family role stressors have cross-domain effects, and which domain has more predictive power to explain an individual's healthiness; and (d) whether any differences exist between private- and public-sector employees in the relationship between work and family role stressors and …
Heterogeneity In The Purchase And Use Of Health Insurance : Lessons From The Massachusetts Health Insurance Reform, Jihyun Shin
Heterogeneity In The Purchase And Use Of Health Insurance : Lessons From The Massachusetts Health Insurance Reform, Jihyun Shin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation presents a set of analyses that are thematically linked to the trajectory of research inquiries about the relation between the health care reform and insurance demand and the association between health insurance and use of primary care services.
Factors Related To Recidivism Among Mentally Disordered Offenders : Differential Impact Of Historical And Dynamic Clinical Indicators Across Risk Level, Lori J. Torgersen
Factors Related To Recidivism Among Mentally Disordered Offenders : Differential Impact Of Historical And Dynamic Clinical Indicators Across Risk Level, Lori J. Torgersen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Understanding the factors related to recidivism among mentally disordered offenders is important so that criminal justice and mental health systems can prioritize resources to intervene with those most likely to reoffend by targeting factors that are most likely to reduce risk. While there is a sound body of literature identifying the predictors of recidivism among non-disordered adult offenders, the same inquiry in the case of mentally disordered offenders has been more equivocal.
Congruence Between Nursing Home Resident And Staff Caregiver Perceptions Of Residents' Self-Perceived Autonomy, Paul E. Urbanski
Congruence Between Nursing Home Resident And Staff Caregiver Perceptions Of Residents' Self-Perceived Autonomy, Paul E. Urbanski
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This qualitative cross-sectional study examines autonomy among long-term care residents and how certified nurse aides (CNAs) understand resident autonomy as expressed through residents' preferences. The study took place at one long-term care facility with N = 12 (7 residents and 5 CNAs). A phenomenological perspective is utilized in order to describe the meaning residents ascribe to personal preferences and the influence frailty has on those preferences. In addition, certified nurse aides, self-described as competent to report on a participating resident's preferences were interviewed separately. Open-ended interviews were conducted and the data obtained was examined for congruence between the resident's and …
Assessment Of Human Exposure To Perchlorate And Perfluoroalkyl Substances In The United States : Biomonitoring And Environmental Monitoring Approaches, Qian Wu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perchlorate is an oxidant in solid fuels and explosives and is produced in large quantities worldwide. Perchlorate is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is present in water, food, indoor environment and humans. Human exposure to perchlorate is a concern due to its ability to disrupt the thyroid gland functions.
Function And Regulation Of Intestinal P450 Enzymes : Insights From Conditional Cytochrome P450 Reductase Knockout Mouse Models, Yi Zhu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The overall goal of this thesis work was to investigate the function and regulation of intestinal P450 enzymes (P450s). The central hypotheses are that 1) small intestinal (SI) P450s play an important role in the first-pass clearance of oral drugs and in bioactivation of chemicals that cause intestinal toxicity, 2) endogenous regulatory compounds produced by intestinal P450s are important for protection against chemical-induced colon inflammation, and 3) there is a cross talk between the liver and the SI that helps to maintain the overall xenobiotic-metabolism capacity of the digestive tract.
Risk Factors For Injection Versus Non-Injection Drug Use Among Men In Kermanshah City, Iran In 2005 : An Observational Study, Kamiar Alaei
Risk Factors For Injection Versus Non-Injection Drug Use Among Men In Kermanshah City, Iran In 2005 : An Observational Study, Kamiar Alaei
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov
Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases that tend to occur together, including diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been associated with increased risk of development of several of the components of the MetS.
Does Intimate Partner Violence Affect The Acceptability Of Expedited Partner Therapy?, Suzanne Elizabeth Beck
Does Intimate Partner Violence Affect The Acceptability Of Expedited Partner Therapy?, Suzanne Elizabeth Beck
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Studies have identified associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI). An estimated 6% of women in the United States have experienced physical and/or sexual assault inflicted by an intimate partner in the previous year. Of those with an STI, chlamydia is disproportionately reported for women. In 2009, New York State legalized Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) for chlamydial infections; however clinicians are lacking guidance with respect to appropriate use of EPT when IPV is a concern.
30-Day Readmission And Emergency Department Visits : Experience Of Diabetes And Abdominal Surgery Patients, Andrea Jane Mathis
30-Day Readmission And Emergency Department Visits : Experience Of Diabetes And Abdominal Surgery Patients, Andrea Jane Mathis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nearly one-fifth of Medicare beneficiaries are readmitted within 30 days of a hospital stay. Readmissions contribute to the rising health care costs and they serve as a proxy for overall inpatient quality of care. Policy makers and payers interested in the efficacy of strategies to improve care coordination have scrutinized readmission rates for some time, yet this analysis attends to several remaining gaps in the literature. First, the rising prevalence of diabetes may be an underappreciated driver for readmissions. Second, many abdominal surgery patients require post-operative care, yet the point of care delivery and level of care needed has not …
The Role Of Adaptation To Disability And Disease In Public Health, Meghan Mary Connors
The Role Of Adaptation To Disability And Disease In Public Health, Meghan Mary Connors
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Some patients with chronic disabilities and diseases are able to adapt to their health states and, as a result, rate their quality of life higher than hypothetical patients imagining themselves to be in such states. Due to this phenomenon of adaptation, there is much controversy surrounding the effect of adaptation on patient preferences and the role that these adapted preferences ought to play in health care resource allocation decisions. The process of adaptation affects public health debates about whether we ought to give priority to the worst off in allocation decisions because within traditional public health frameworks, it is unclear …
The Potential For Bridging : Hiv Status Awareness And Risky Sexual Behavior Of Injection Drug Users Who Have Non-Injecting Permanent Partners In Ukraine, Alyona Mazhnaya
The Potential For Bridging : Hiv Status Awareness And Risky Sexual Behavior Of Injection Drug Users Who Have Non-Injecting Permanent Partners In Ukraine, Alyona Mazhnaya
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract