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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Effects Of Sex And Social Status On Neuromuscular Differentiation In The Eusocial Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus Glaber), Marianne Louise Seney
Effects Of Sex And Social Status On Neuromuscular Differentiation In The Eusocial Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus Glaber), Marianne Louise Seney
Open Access Dissertations
Naked mole-rats live in large colonies and exhibit a strict reproductive hierarchy. Each colony has 1 breeding female and 1-3 breeding males; all other individuals are non-reproductive subordinates. Subordinates show a remarkable lack of sex differences in behavior and anatomy, but can become reproductive if removed from the colony. The striated perineal muscles and their innervating motoneurons, which are sexually dimorphic in all other mammals examined, are not dimorphic in subordinate naked mole-rats. Here I asked whether sexual differentiation of this neuromuscular system occurs when subordinates become breeders. Sex differences in perineal motoneurons were not observed, regardless of social status. …
Molecular Changes Following Skeletal Muscle Disuse In Humans, Kimberly A. Reich
Molecular Changes Following Skeletal Muscle Disuse In Humans, Kimberly A. Reich
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the molecular events associated with the onset of skeletal muscle disuse in humans. Study I examined global gene expression changes in vastus lateralis muscle following 48h unloading (UL) and 24h reloading (RL) in humans. Results showed that functions related to protein degradation and oxidative stress were enriched following UL and that these global gene expression patterns were not readily reversed following RL, thus indicating that molecular events associated with short-term disuse may persist beyond the duration of the stimulus. In contrast to previous work in IM, collagen gene expression increased in this …
Feasibility Of Family Participation In A Delirium Prevention Program For The Older Hospitalized Adult, Deborah Rosenbloom-Brunton
Feasibility Of Family Participation In A Delirium Prevention Program For The Older Hospitalized Adult, Deborah Rosenbloom-Brunton
Open Access Dissertations
Objective . To examine the feasibility of family participation in a nurse-supported, multicomponent intervention program for delirium prevention in the older hospitalized adult. Background . Delirium is the leading complication of hospitalization for older adults and is associated with important consequences including increased morbidity and mortality, increased use of health care resources, and increased caregiver burden. The potential role that family caregivers could play in delirium prevention and how nurses could facilitate family participation has been largely unexplored. The Calgary Family Intervention Model (CFIM), operating on the assumptions of a family-centered care philosophy, provided a framework for understanding the feasibility …
The Role Of Human And Social Capital In The Perpetuation Of Leader Development, Jeffrey W. Mott
The Role Of Human And Social Capital In The Perpetuation Of Leader Development, Jeffrey W. Mott
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation examined the critical role of human and social capital in the evolution of the NCAA Division I men's collegiate basketball product over time. Specifically, it sought to understand the characteristics of coaching networks that were consistently successful in perpetuating leader development over time, thereby theoretically replicating positive performance outcomes over long time spans. Interviews, content analyses and a literature search were performed to evaluate factors such as the processes of identification and selection of assistant coaches, the learning systems associated with their leader development, the strategies for their career advancement and growth, and the support structures of ongoing …
An Investigation Of Temporal Resolution Abilities In School-Aged Children With And Without Dyslexia, Elena Zaidan
An Investigation Of Temporal Resolution Abilities In School-Aged Children With And Without Dyslexia, Elena Zaidan
Open Access Dissertations
Dyslexia is a clinical diagnosis often associated with phonological processing deficits. There are, however, other areas of concern, such as the presence of auditory temporal processing (ATP) disorders. One method of investigating ATP is the gap detection (GD) paradigm. This study investigated GD performance using the Gaps-in-Noise © (GIN) test in three groups of 30 children, aged 8 to 9 years. GD thresholds and gap identification scores (%) were determined for each participant. The three groups of participants included (Group I) children with dyslexia and phonological deficits, (Group II) children with dyslexia and no significant phonological deficits, and (Group III) …
Modifiable Risk Factors For Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy Among Latina Women, Shannon Renee Turzanski Fortner
Modifiable Risk Factors For Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy Among Latina Women, Shannon Renee Turzanski Fortner
Open Access Dissertations
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately 8% of pregnancies, and can lead to serious complications for both mother and child. While Latinas are at two-fold increased risk of preeclampsia relative to non-Latina white women, little research on hypertension in pregnancy has been conducted in this population. Furthermore, there are few modifiable risk factors for hypertensive pregnancy. Therefore, we examined associations between psychosocial stress, physical activity, and pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using data from the Latina GDM Study, a prospective cohort study of 1,231 women. The first study evaluated the association between perceived stress …
Detrimental Effects Of Inactivity On Insulin Action, Brooke Rene Stephens
Detrimental Effects Of Inactivity On Insulin Action, Brooke Rene Stephens
Open Access Dissertations
Inactivity reduces insulin action. Energy surplus causes similar reductions to insulin action. Unless energy intake is reduced to match low energy expenditure during inactivity, a concurrent energy surplus may account for the lower insulin action. This study evaluated the effect of inactivity (sitting) with and without energy surplus on insulin action. Fourteen young (26.1 ± 4.5 years (M ± SD)), lean (23.7 ± 7.1% fat), fit (VO 2peak = 49.1 ± 3.3 ml*kg -1 *min -1 ) men (n=7) and women (n=7) completed each of 3, 24-hour conditions: an active condition (i.e. high energy expenditure with energy intake matched to …
The Adoption Of Shamanic Healing Into The Biomedical Health Care System In The United States, Lori L. Thayer
The Adoption Of Shamanic Healing Into The Biomedical Health Care System In The United States, Lori L. Thayer
Open Access Dissertations
Following cultural anthropological inquiry, this dissertation examines the adoption of shamanic healing techniques into Western medicine and the resultant hybrid modality of health care fostered by two disparate healing traditions. As the U.S. populace increasingly turns to alternative forms of healing in conjunction with, or in lieu of, conventional Western medicine, shamanic healing has been added to the list of recognized non-conventional therapies. Shamanism, once prevalent throughout most of the world in various cultural forms, is purported to be the oldest healing modality, dating back to the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia. Historical excoriation and extermination from religious and political dogma …
Physical Activity And Maternal/Fetal Outcomes In A Pregnant Latina Population, Audra L Gollenberg
Physical Activity And Maternal/Fetal Outcomes In A Pregnant Latina Population, Audra L Gollenberg
Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014
Physical activity guidelines encouraging activity among healthy pregnant women have been issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, yet Latina women remain more sedentary than non-Latina white women. Latina women are also at higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus and, among Latina women, Puerto Rican women have the highest rates of low birth weight and preterm-related infant death. This dissertation utilized data from the Latina GDM study, a prospective cohort study of 1,231 Latina women recruited early in pregnancy and followed through delivery. Participants were interviewed in early and mid pregnancy for assessment of sociodemographics, acculturation, medical, and …
Do Metabolic And Psychosocial Responses To Exercise Explain Ethnic/Racial Disparities In Insulin Resistance?, Rebecca E Hasson
Do Metabolic And Psychosocial Responses To Exercise Explain Ethnic/Racial Disparities In Insulin Resistance?, Rebecca E Hasson
Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014
Introduction . Non-Hispanic blacks (blacks) are more insulin resistant compared to non-Hispanic whites (whites), increasing their risk for Type 2 diabetes. The role played by ethnic/racial disparities in the response to physical activity in mediating those higher rates of insulin resistance in blacks is unknown. Because the beneficial effects of exercise are transient and require subsequent doses of exercise to maintain the effect; the metabolic and psychosocial responses to single exercise bouts have strong implications for both opposing insulin resistance and raising the probability that an individual will continue to exercise. Purpose . To compare the metabolic and psychosocial responses …
Approaches To Estimation Of Haplotype Frequencies And Haplotype-Trait Associations, Xiaohong Li
Approaches To Estimation Of Haplotype Frequencies And Haplotype-Trait Associations, Xiaohong Li
Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014
Characterizing the genetic contributors to complex disease traits will inevitably require consideration of haplotypic phase, the specific alignment of alleles on a single homologous chromosome. In population based studies, however, phase is generally unobservable as standard genotyping techniques provide investigators only with data on unphased genotypes. Several statistical methods have been described for estimating haplotype frequencies and their association with a trait in the context of phase ambiguity. These methods are limited, however, to diploid populations in which individuals have exactly two homologous chromosomes each and are thus not suitable for more general infectious disease settings. Specifically, in the context …