Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Ojaswi Bhattarai

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a type of autoimmune disease marked by thyroid-specific autoantibodies, which cause immune cells and antibodies to attack and kill thyroid cells. As a result, the body's mechanisms slow down, resulting in fatigue, coldness, weight gain, dry skin, and hair loss, among other symptoms. Although the exact cause of HT is unknown, it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetics, environment, physical activity, immunology, dietary intake, and epigenesis. High serum antibody concentrations against one or more thyroid antigens, as well as widespread lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid, are clinical manifestations. Typically, HT is treated …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd), Joseph Earich

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an irreversible, preventable respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation and obstruction that is usually progressive. COPD affects millions of people globally and over $7 billion dollars is spent on COPD related hospitalizations in the U.S. annually. This poster includes information focused on COPD, the underlying pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, nursing care implications, and treatment.

Methods: Research articles within the last five years were obtained using keywords such as COPD, pathophysiology, treatment, prevention, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis from databases EBSCO and PubMed. The data and quality of these articles were assessed and information compiled …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathophysiology, Alex Thompson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster presentation overviews the pathophysiologic process and accompanying disease characteristics associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Studies suggest that its incidence will only increase in the future. COPD risk factors include smoking tobacco, environmental chemical/pollution irritants, and genetic predisposition. Smoking is the most common cause of COPD, and cessation can improve patient outcomes drastically. This chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overview discusses the importance of knowledge of COPD, signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, peri-operative management, treatments, and prevention.

Acute Kidney Injury, Chelsey Benner

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of surgical procedures and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. AKI can be described by a sudden decline in kidney function, evidenced by elevation of serum creatinine, elevated blood urea nitrogen levels, and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (McCance & Huether, 2018, p. 1360). Optimal perioperative management and recognition of patients at high risk for AKI is important in preventing the development of acute kidney injury.

Myasthenia Gravis, Rebecca Wheeler

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Myasthenia gravis (MG), a neuromuscular and autoimmune disorder, is not completely understood by clinicians and scientists. The primary cause is thought to be anti-Acetylcholine receptor antibodies that attack the neuromuscular junction, causing destruction of post-synaptic junctional folds and blockade of the receptor. This causes frequent weakness and fatigability of voluntary muscles, making activities of daily living difficult for those living with MG. Although it is not an incredibly prevalent disease, the incidence is increasing in the United States due to better testing and diagnosis. Treatments are available, including cholinesterase inhibitors that raise the concentration of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction …

Myasthenia Gravis, Jonathan Garcia

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Poster Abstract

Jonathan C. Garcia

Department of Nursing, Otterbein University

NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse

Dr. Deana Batross and Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar

July 29, 2022

Abstract

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune neuromuscular disorder caused by the destruction or decreased availability of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction. Muscular weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest is a hallmark of MG. MG patients are at increased risk for many postoperative and anesthesia-related complications. However, risk can be mitigated when providers thoroughly understand MG's pathophysiology and implications on the anesthetic plan. …

Heart Failure, Meredith Louden

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is the heart’s inability to maintain the blood flow needed by the body’s organs for perfusion. HF affects millions of adults worldwide annually and holds detrimental characteristics with its high hospitalization and mortality rates. As a result, healthcare systems spend exponentially more resources and money to take care of HF patients. An interactive poster is presented on HF to educate patients with HF, healthcare providers, and other related parties.

Methods: Research articles that focused on HF, including the following topics: pathophysiology, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment, complications, impact on healthcare, and etiology, were evaluated and …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Aaron Mcneilan

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The following poster presentation provides a brief overview of the disease process of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, and its incidence does not appear to be declining. The most common factor causing COPD is cigarette smoking, which is modifiable. Other contributors are environmental air pollutants which some people may encounter depending on where they live or their occupation. This presentation is a culmination of information from different scholarly sources which discuss the symptoms, pathophysiology, causes, management, and prevention of COPD.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Aimee Baker

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster evaluates the current understanding of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) and describes current treatment recommendations, long-term prognosis, and advanced practice nursing implications. TTC is a relatively rare disease and is present in about 2% of suspected ST-segment myocardial infarctions in women. (Sattar et al., 2017) TTC is not well understood and has several current hypotheses regarding cellular pathology. This poster explores the current understanding of pathophysiologicderangements from an organ system and two pathologic hypotheses at the cellular level. Current treatment recommendations include subclasses of treatments stratified by types of complications. Also, this poster introduces a new subclass of heart failure …

Ulcerative Colitis, Randy Kinietz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster briefly covers the most important concepts of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a complex disease process and the exact etiology is not yet known. Many researchers are currently looking to find the cause of the disease and treatment options that can target the exact pathophysiological process. Nurses are instrumental in the care of UC, especially in an outpatient setting. Education on medications and proper follow-up appointments are the key to maintaining remission, reducing flare-ups, and cancer screening. Although UC is a complex disease, a multidisciplinary approach will reduce complications and prolong remission.

Schizophrenia, Allison Hopps

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Schizophrenia overview including symptoms. Areas of interest regarding research and ways to advance treatment for schizophrenia patients. There is still much to be known about the disease and research to help patients.

Aortic Stenosis, Christina Lower

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Aortic Stenosis is the progressive and permanent narrowing of the aortic valve that is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. The pathophysiology is endothelial damage to the valve resulting in lipid penetration, calcific changesand valve stiffness.Major risk factors for aortic stenosis are natural aging>60 years(atherosclerotic changes in vasculature) and male gender.In the early phases of aortic stenosis, the body compensatesvia hypertrophy of the left ventricle to accommodateforthe increased pressure gradient. Progression is typically over years to decades untildecreased outflow of blood leads toinadequate perfusion to major organsystems including the heart itself. Patientsdo not typically have symptoms until …

Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction, Jennifer Klubnik

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a chronic disease that contributes to high morbidity and mortality. This poster will display and discuss HFrEF and effects of this chronic disease on the population. Pathophysiology, treatment modalities, and implications for the advanced practice nurse (APN) will be discussed. Different categories of heart failure will be discussed to compare and contrast the specific indications for HFrEF. The specifics of cardiac remodeling and molecular changes that occur with HFrEF are considered when deciding which treatment modalities to implement. HFrEF treatment focuses on quality of life and mitigation of symptoms. The APN is …

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ana Vigil

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

No abstract provided.

Infective Endocarditis, Christine Hein

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe inflammatory disease of the endocardium, affecting valve structure and function. IE occurs when endothelial lining of the heart is damaged by direct trauma or scarring. Platelets and fibrin develop on the damaged endothelium, forming a thrombus. Thrombus formation makes it susceptible for circulating microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae to colonize (Thornton, 2000). The vegetation enlarges due to recurrent fibrin deposition and microbial multiplication (Sandoe, Watkin, & Elliott, 2013). Patients with IE often present with a high fever, new-onset cardiac murmur, and peripheral emboli causing a rash to the extremities. Complaints may …

Chronic Bronchitis, Dhwani Chotalia

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Overall incidence of chronic bronchitis is increasing in the community. Long-term side effects negatively affect quality of life of patients. This poster presentation attempts to provide more details on chronic bronchitis. Extensive details on the pathophysiology, signs & symptoms, nursing implications are provided to help the reader understand the disease process, management and prevention strategies of chronic bronchitis.

Gram-Negative Bacteria And Sepsis, Christine D. Ridge

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Today’s medical world encompasses an environment in which gram-negative bacteria that once were defeated with common antibiotics, have now become resistant. Gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter are pathogens that are an emerging threat causing sepsis due to multidrug-resistance (Pop-Vicas & Opal, 2014, p.189). The multidrug-resistance mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria coupled with a patient population commonly seen in hospital settings, that consist of immunocompromised adults due to advancing age, comorbidities (e.g. AIDS, history of transplants, diabetes, and chemotherapy), and immunotherapies, create an environment for advanced infection or sepsis to take place.

Complications of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria …

Myasthenia Gravis, Abbe R. Feaver

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by ocular, bulbar, facial, and skeletal muscle weakness due to a defect in the transmission of nerve to muscle impulses at the neuromuscular junction (Mestecky, 2013, p. 110). Approximately 14-20 in 100,000 people are diagnosed with myasthenia gravis in the United States (Leis, Moore, Kofler, Beric, De Visser, 2014, p. 112). Typically, diagnosis occurs in middle-aged adults with women generally acquiring the disease at a younger age than men (Mestecky, 2013, p. 110). MG has the potential to greatly affect the quality of life of a patient. Although the disease …

Effects Of Enhanced External Counter Pulsation Therapy On Patients With Angina, Valerie Jones

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to the literature, coronary heart disease (CHD) is responsible for 370,000 deaths annually in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). A symptom commonly associated with CHD is angina (US Department of Health & Human Services, National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NIH], 2011). An estimated 300,000 to 900,000 patients in the United States have refractory angina pectoris (RAP), with nearly 100,00 new cases diagnosed yearly (Manchanda, Aggarwal, Aggarwal, & Soran, 2011). Kones describes refractory angina as continued angina class III/IV, in the nonsurgical candidate, with objective evidence of ischemia despite …

The Role Of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor In Depression, Katie Mendez

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to The World Health Organization, depression is the fourth leading cause of total disease burden and the leading cause of disability worldwide. In the United States, results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reflect a 16.2% lifetime depression prevalence. Symptoms of depression can range from mild to severe and can be episodic or chronic. Depression has a high rate of comorbidity with multiple chronic diseases and other mental health disorders, predominately anxiety. Unfortunately, few Americans diagnosed with depression actually receive sufficient treatment and symptom management. Previous research has shown that individuals are more likely to seek treatment …

Enterovirus D68, Kimberly Meyers

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Enterovirus D68 (EVD68) “belongs to the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus, and species Human enterovirus D: (Kaida et al.,2011, para.2). It is a small nonenveloped RNA virus (Xiang et al., 2012). EVD68 “shares characteristics with rhinoviruses, such as infection of the respiratory tract and acid lability” (Lauinger et al., 2012). There is no specific treatment for EVD68. Since the infection is caused by a virus, antibiotics would be ineffective. There are no antiviral medications currently available to treat EVD68 (Herold, 2014). Treatment may include antipyretics, cough medicines, bronchodilators, oxygen, and mechanical ventilation if required.

Acute Pancreatitis, Laura Payne

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis seen in intensive care units worldwide. The incidence of pancreatitis has increased over the last decade. It ranks third amongst the gastrointestinal diseases resulting in hospital admissions. The destructive complications of pancreatitis make it a life-threatening disease. If pancreatitis progresses to the severe form the mortality rate significantly increase from one percent to upwards of thirty percent. Pancreatitis is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital admissions(Goozen, Besselink, Santroort, & Bollen, 2013). An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis has changed the approach to treatment from early surgical treatment to …

Review Of The Effectiveness Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator For The Treatment Of Plastic Bronchitis In Patients With Fontan Physiology, Ruth Ferroni

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Plastic bronchitis is a condition characterized by the formation of bronchial casts ranging from small to large obstructions of the pulmonary airways. Cast formation is intricate and resembles a plastic, rubbery model of the airway it obstructs. Its form was first described by Galen (A.D. 131-200). One of the patient populations at risk for developing this rare complication are those with single ventricle disease who are surgically corrected to Fontan physiology. It is a very abnormal type of circulation that is suspect in the development of plastic bronchitis. The cellular composition of plastic bronchitis differs from the casts seen in …

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, Tiffany Branson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy or HOCM, is a genetic disease that is described as hypertrophy or enlargement of the left ventricle which obstructs the blood flow to the body (Yue-Cheng et al., 2012). HOCM is a disease that cannot be cure, but can be treated. One of the main goals of treatment is to focus on treating the symptoms. HOCM can be asymptomatic or symptomatic and can cause some major complications. Some of the complications of HOCM are arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, “which is defined as natural death to due cardiac causes, heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within one …

Prevention, Recognition, And Treatment Of Pediatric Obesity In The Ambulatory Care Setting, Susan Farrus-Brown

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 1995 described obesity as a chronic disease and one of the most important public health threats and in 2000 reported obesity as a “global epidemic.” The numbers of obese children are increasing in society; moreover, the onset of obesity is occurring at even a younger age than in the past. The prevalence of pediatric obesity is staggering and interventions need to be developed to decrease the risk for chronic and related psychological diseases.

The objective of this project was to provide education on utilization of a tool kit to increase the nurse practitioner (NP) …