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Articles 1 - 30 of 416
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Improving Healthcare Provider Knowledge Of Hospice And Palliative Medicine, Ashleigh T. Flora
Improving Healthcare Provider Knowledge Of Hospice And Palliative Medicine, Ashleigh T. Flora
DNP Projects
By addressing the diseases symptoms directly, palliative care improves patients feel and can participate in their life by providing indispensable holistic health management and support for patients and families. Hospice is the focused service of palliative care, provided by specially trained healthcare professionals. Evidence suggests that patients are poorly educated on chronic illnesses, providers are failing to have end of life discussions with patients, and providers are poorly educated as to services available to patients at end of life. This quality improvement project was designed to assess provider knowledge of hospice and palliative care utilization. Convenience sampling was used to …
Improving Health Care Provider Knowledge And Compliance Of Breast Cancer Screenings, Jalisha Brown
Improving Health Care Provider Knowledge And Compliance Of Breast Cancer Screenings, Jalisha Brown
DNP Projects
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Different tests are used to detect breast cancer including mammograms, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI. Using screening mammography for breast cancer continues to be the most effective way to detect breast cancer in its early stages for better treatment outcomes. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to determine if healthcare providers find that education regarding evidence-based guidelines for breast cancer screenings, increased knowledge, and compliance, and prompt a self-reported practice change. Participants were emailed a description of the project along with a pretest. The educational session …
Improving Primary Care Providers’ Assessment Of Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Jasmine Granger
Improving Primary Care Providers’ Assessment Of Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Jasmine Granger
DNP Projects
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and affects millions of Americans. Type 2 diabetes leads to many chronic medical conditions if not properly managed. Often, primary care providers (PCPs) deliver care to type two diabetic patients; therefore, it is imperative that PCPs are knowledgeable of current American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to determine if implementation of a type 2 diabetes’ assessment algorithm improved PCP’s knowledge and compliance of ADA assessment guidelines. Educational sessions were conducted at clinics within Mississippi and Tennessee. A pre-test was administered, …
Increasing Healthcare Provider Engagement With Adult Patients Regarding Organ Donation In The Primary Healthcare Setting, Evelyn Michelle Rainey
Increasing Healthcare Provider Engagement With Adult Patients Regarding Organ Donation In The Primary Healthcare Setting, Evelyn Michelle Rainey
DNP Projects
Though 90% of the United States population supports organ donation, only 60% actually sign up as registered donors (Health Resources & Services Administration [HRSA], 2021). This 60% makes up approximately 169 million Americans, but the chances of actually becoming an organ donor are only 3 in 1,000 (Health Resources & Services Administration [HRSA], 2021). Simply put, the need for organs far outweighs the availability of those organs for transplant. Literature reviewed supports that a lack of knowledge regarding organ donation may contribute to the decreased number of registered organ donors and that Primary Care Providers (PCP) have been successful at …
Evaluating Provider Knowledge On The Impact Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Chronic Health Conditions, Shelly Alamry
Evaluating Provider Knowledge On The Impact Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Chronic Health Conditions, Shelly Alamry
DNP Projects
Vitamin D deficiency affects nearly one billion individuals globally. It is an essential vitamin to maintain bone health as well as the overall health of the body. Recent research reveals the significance of vitamin D deficiency in chronic health conditions like osteoporosis, depression, breast cancer, dementia, and viral infections like COVID-19. The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to evaluate if education regarding vitamin D deficiency was effective in improving provider knowledge, increases practice confidence levels, and results in self-reported practice changes. An educational session and two questionnaires were administered to healthcare providers in the state of Mississippi. Before …
Educating Healthcare Providers On The Impacts Electronic Device Overuse Has On Health, Lacy Estes
Educating Healthcare Providers On The Impacts Electronic Device Overuse Has On Health, Lacy Estes
DNP Projects
Healthcare concerns develop from various external mechanisms that impact health. Overtime it has been witness that such mechanisms can include the food we consume, environmental hazards, lack of activity, chronic exposure to carcinogens, and even natural parts of the eco system such as bacteria or virus. Electronic devices have evolved over the past century and can be contaminates of health. They decrease physical activity times, limit face-to-face communication, and may interfere with mental health. As technology continues to evolve limitations and safe use should be well understood to decrease the negative impact electronic devices may have on health. Electronic device …
Effectiveness Of Provider Education Concerning Prediabetes Treatment In Mississippi, Marlana Mcfarland
Effectiveness Of Provider Education Concerning Prediabetes Treatment In Mississippi, Marlana Mcfarland
DNP Projects
Prediabetes is defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as having an A1C of 5.7-6.4% or a fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dl. Prediabetes greatly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (ADA, 2019). The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to determine if providing education to PCPs, practicing in MS, regarding the implementation of a prediabetes treatment algorithm improved their knowledge and implementation of the ADA guidelines. The intention was to bring increased awareness of ADA guidelines regarding the current treatment recommendations for patients with prediabetes to PCPs. A …
Syphilis Screening Among Primary Care Providers, Sarah Christian, Nikki Franklin, Seth Stuart, Casey Tramel, Sereka Walker
Syphilis Screening Among Primary Care Providers, Sarah Christian, Nikki Franklin, Seth Stuart, Casey Tramel, Sereka Walker
MSN Research Projects
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause lesions on various mucosal areas of the body on an infected individual. If the disease is left untreated, syphilis can progress and affect an individual’s cardiovascular, neurological, and immune systems. The STI rates are on the rise across the United States, especially in the state of Mississippi. Because of the increase in syphilis rates in Mississippi, the researchers developed this study. The purpose of this study is to determine if primary care providers (PCPs) are knowledgeable and screening according to the guidelines of the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and …
Nurse Practitioners’ Knowledge And Perceptions Regarding Substance Use, Audrey Bailey, Paden Dawkins, Amber Hankins, Erin Mckinney
Nurse Practitioners’ Knowledge And Perceptions Regarding Substance Use, Audrey Bailey, Paden Dawkins, Amber Hankins, Erin Mckinney
MSN Research Projects
Substance use disorder (SUD) is an illness impacting many people today and continues to not be truly understood, even by providers. To gain a greater understanding of this issue in relation to nurse practitioners, the researchers surveyed nurse practitioners in the Southeastern United States. The goal of the study was to identify knowledge and perceptions of nurse practitioners regarding substance use and misuse. Watson’s Theory of Caring was used to guide the study. The research questions that guided this study were 1. Do nurse practitioners have a bias toward patients with substance use disorder, and 2. Do nurse practitioners believe …
A Survey Of Primary Care Providers’ Strategies To Affect Influenza Vaccination Rates, Jennifer Moffett, Tracy Mitchell, Vera Simmons
A Survey Of Primary Care Providers’ Strategies To Affect Influenza Vaccination Rates, Jennifer Moffett, Tracy Mitchell, Vera Simmons
MSN Research Projects
Influenza is a vaccine preventable disease that affects millions of Americans and causes thousands of deaths and billions in healthcare costs. Annual influenza vaccination is regarded by researchers and healthcare governing bodies as the most effective way to prevent contracting the flu. A large body of research exists supporting primary care providers as influential in regard to patients’ healthcare decision making. However, if strategies are consistently being implemented to affect influenza vaccination rates remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify strategies being implemented to affect influenza vaccination rates by asking two questions: 1. Do primary care providers …
Knowledge Of The 2017 American Heart Association Hypertension Guidelines, Kelsey Creel, Kristan Kelly, Linda Turner
Knowledge Of The 2017 American Heart Association Hypertension Guidelines, Kelsey Creel, Kristan Kelly, Linda Turner
MSN Research Projects
The primary purpose of this project was to determine the knowledge of nurse practitioners in Mississippi regarding the 2017 American Heart Association Hypertension Guidelines. Following approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), the researchers utilized a descriptive, quantitative survey design to evaluate the knowledge of Mississippi nurse practitioners of the 2017 American Heart Association Hypertension Guidelines in regards to diagnosis and management of hypertension. Utilizing social media, the researchers targeted specific Facebook sites for nurse practitioners who practice in the state of Mississippi. Data was gathered through SurveyMonkey using a questionnaire. The data gathered from the completed questionnaires were then …
Implementation Of The 2017 Aha Guidelines By Primary Care Providers In Managing Elevated Blood Pressure A Modifiable Risk Factor Of Stroke, Chelsi Archie, Chelsea Bullock, Nekesha Johnson, Elizabeth Lishman
Implementation Of The 2017 Aha Guidelines By Primary Care Providers In Managing Elevated Blood Pressure A Modifiable Risk Factor Of Stroke, Chelsi Archie, Chelsea Bullock, Nekesha Johnson, Elizabeth Lishman
MSN Research Projects
Elevated blood pressure is a condition in which systolic blood pressure is 120-129 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is less than 80 mmHg, according to the CDC (2020), which points out that elevated blood pressure often leads to hypertension. In 2017, The American Heart Association (AHA) released guidelines to aid providers in the early detection and management of hypertension. These guidelines integrate nonpharmacological and pharmacological therapies. The nonpharmacological therapies include following a heart-healthy diet, weight loss, sodium restriction, limitation of alcohol and tobacco consumption, and increased physical activity (AHA, 2018). Hypertension, “the silent killer” is one of the major causes …
Parental Knowledge Of Pediatric Car Seat Safety Recommendations, Stephanie Edwards, Erica Elkin, Danley Herring, Maggie Hyer, Joni Stewart
Parental Knowledge Of Pediatric Car Seat Safety Recommendations, Stephanie Edwards, Erica Elkin, Danley Herring, Maggie Hyer, Joni Stewart
MSN Research Projects
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), in 2018, 634 children were killed in traffic accidents. One-third of children killed in car accidents are not restrained properly in the vehicle. Improper car seat use in infants and toddlers results from a lack of knowledge from guardians regarding car seat safety usage. Therefore, education from providers is vital to the health and safety of all children. According to these statistics, car seat safety is a large public health concern and needs to be addressed more often. Even though there are many factors related to traffic accidents, studies show that …
An Assessment Of The Utilization Of Geriatric Depression Screenings In Primary Care Providers, Ashleigh Flora, Devi Moon, Tiffine Prisock, Shelby Reeves, Rachel Romero
An Assessment Of The Utilization Of Geriatric Depression Screenings In Primary Care Providers, Ashleigh Flora, Devi Moon, Tiffine Prisock, Shelby Reeves, Rachel Romero
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this study was to determine the practices of primary care providers in relation to screening and treating geriatric depression. According to the Geriatric Mental Health Foundation (GMHF), depression and suicide are significant public health issues for older adults, noting that depression is one of the most common mental disorders experienced by elders. Research indicates the issue of geriatric depression is poorly approached by providers and patients do not receive appropriate care. Depression cannot be measured with lab or diagnostic tests; the only way to assess depression is to screen patients by asking questions. When screening for depression, …
College Students' Knowledge Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Willingness To Participate In Screening, Alison Campbell, Aar'rin Mcdougal, Eritiki Morris, Nekesha Johnson, Laura K. Nipper
College Students' Knowledge Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Willingness To Participate In Screening, Alison Campbell, Aar'rin Mcdougal, Eritiki Morris, Nekesha Johnson, Laura K. Nipper
MSN Research Projects
An estimated 1.2 million adults and adolescents are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States and approximately 50,000 are newly infected each year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 44% of HIV- infected youth ages 18-24 are unaware of their HIV status. HIV destroys CD4 cells and leads to a severely weakened immune system, which increases the risk for infection and other infection-related cancers. If HIV is left untreated, the disease will eventually progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV continues to be a concern in public health, yet the public perception about …
Patient Knowledge And Perception Regarding Antibiotic Misuse In Primary Care, Aimee Cockerham, Megan Mcdaniel, Hannah Mcmillin, Kelly Nash, April Robinson
Patient Knowledge And Perception Regarding Antibiotic Misuse In Primary Care, Aimee Cockerham, Megan Mcdaniel, Hannah Mcmillin, Kelly Nash, April Robinson
MSN Research Projects
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention’s 2019 Antibiotic Resistant Threats Report shows that antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi cause more than 2.8 million infections and 35,000 deaths in the United States each year. This equates to at least one infection every 11 seconds and one death resulting from antibiotic resistance every 15 minutes. The CDC states that there were almost twice as many deaths each year from antibiotic resistance compared to statistics reported in 2013 (CDC, 2019a). Proper antibiotic use is the responsibility of the provider and the patient. Patient knowledge should consist of how to prevent antibiotic misuse, …
Utilization Of Genetic Screening Practices By Primary Care Providers For Individuals With Increased Risks For Alzheimer’S Disease, Cindy R. Quinn, Mallory Stockstill, Lucy Barnes, Jalisha Brown, Angela Reeves
Utilization Of Genetic Screening Practices By Primary Care Providers For Individuals With Increased Risks For Alzheimer’S Disease, Cindy R. Quinn, Mallory Stockstill, Lucy Barnes, Jalisha Brown, Angela Reeves
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this study was to determine if health care providers in the primary care setting were identifying individuals with increased risks for Alzheimer’s disease and if the utilization of genetic screening related to the disease was being offered to those individuals. Extensive research into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease has proven that some genetic factors are causative and increase a person's risk of developing the disease. The need for further comprehensive assessments for those with increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, such as genetic testing, is imperative in identifying the disease-causing gene mutations associated with the disease. …
Assessment Of Prediabetes Testing Practices Among Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Blake Mccaulley, Marlana Mcfarland, Erica Mosley, Yvette Munn, Lindsay Wynne
Assessment Of Prediabetes Testing Practices Among Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Blake Mccaulley, Marlana Mcfarland, Erica Mosley, Yvette Munn, Lindsay Wynne
MSN Research Projects
Prediabetes is a condition in which a person has impaired glucose metabolism; however, his or her glucose levels do not meet criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes (ADA, 2019). Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (ADA, 2019). Early diagnosis and treatment of prediabetes, including lifestyle interventions and medical management, are vital in preventing prediabetes from progressing to diabetes. The review of current literature indicates that prediabetes testing is not being properly utilized in primary care settings. The purpose of this study was to determine if primary care providers (PCPs) were performing prediabetes A1C …
Are Advanced Practice Registered Nurses In Mississippi Participating In Practices That Advocate The Nursing Profession, Sarah Adams, Melanie Bush, Lacy Estes, Lisa King, Paige Long
Are Advanced Practice Registered Nurses In Mississippi Participating In Practices That Advocate The Nursing Profession, Sarah Adams, Melanie Bush, Lacy Estes, Lisa King, Paige Long
MSN Research Projects
Previous research studies have focused on patient outcomes related to healthcare interventions, but there is little research available regarding nurses’ involvement in activities that would advance the profession. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ (APRN) contributions to the healthcare system lead to direct improvement of patient outcomes through research, mentoring new professionals, and participating in professional organizations. The theoretical motivation behind the study is Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring that proposed healthcare personnel consider incorporation of the business aspects of healthcare to propel nursing into the future. Ray dared nurses to become leaders in the field, understand the corporate aspects of health …
Mississippi Nurse Practitioners Utilization Of Prescription Monitoring Program And The Reduction Of Controlled Substances, Michaeline Bailey, Chelsea Lyle, Rhagen Nelson, Kristin Patterson
Mississippi Nurse Practitioners Utilization Of Prescription Monitoring Program And The Reduction Of Controlled Substances, Michaeline Bailey, Chelsea Lyle, Rhagen Nelson, Kristin Patterson
MSN Research Projects
Controlled substance abuse is a common problem in the United States. While the number of controlled substance deaths or injuries is increasing, the number of controlled substance prescriptions is increasing as well. Many providers acknowledge controlled substance abuse as a problem in the United States, but it is unknown how often these providers are taking measures to prevent abuse of prescribed controlled substances. Although all controlled substances are not acquired by legal prescriptions, many are. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether nurse practitioners in Mississippi are using the prescription monitoring program (PMP) to assist in creating a …
Knowledge Of Women Of Childbearing Age Regarding Preconception Counseling, Allison Britt, Shelby Jackson, Jessica Mcgee, Jenna Pugh
Knowledge Of Women Of Childbearing Age Regarding Preconception Counseling, Allison Britt, Shelby Jackson, Jessica Mcgee, Jenna Pugh
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of the current research study was to assess the knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding key components of preconception counseling and look at relationships between demographics and knowledge of preconception health care.
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention: Healthcare Provider Knowledge And Self-Reported Practice, Lydia Ruth Rice, Mari Caitlyne Minga, Laken Fulcher, Eric Yarborough
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention: Healthcare Provider Knowledge And Self-Reported Practice, Lydia Ruth Rice, Mari Caitlyne Minga, Laken Fulcher, Eric Yarborough
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this research study is to determine if primary care providers are knowledgeable of the CDC recommendations for childhood lead poisoning prevention and to evaluate the self-reported practices of primary care providers regarding these recommendations.
Compliance Of Primary Care Providers With Knee Osteoarthritis Guidelines, Komalben Desai, Catherine Elridge, Ashley Barber, Melissa Floyd
Compliance Of Primary Care Providers With Knee Osteoarthritis Guidelines, Komalben Desai, Catherine Elridge, Ashley Barber, Melissa Floyd
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of primary care providers with AAOS guidelines of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and identify the most commonly used management options chosen by primary care providers for knee osteoarthritis.
Are Health Care Providers Educating 1 Heir Patients On Proper Storage And Disposal Of Electronic Nicotine Devices?, Larisa Bell, Shada Breeze Chunn, Kaitlyn Smith, Tammy Steele
Are Health Care Providers Educating 1 Heir Patients On Proper Storage And Disposal Of Electronic Nicotine Devices?, Larisa Bell, Shada Breeze Chunn, Kaitlyn Smith, Tammy Steele
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of our research is to determine if healthcare providers are educating patients on the proper storage and disposal of electronic nicotine devices and the associated liquids.
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (Shingrix) Knowledge And Practices Of Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Leigh Gault, Casie Brown, Mackinzie Lee, Kimberly Word
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (Shingrix) Knowledge And Practices Of Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Leigh Gault, Casie Brown, Mackinzie Lee, Kimberly Word
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this study was to determine Mississippi primary care providers' (PCP) knowledge and practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for administering the Shingrix vaccine to immunocompetent adults aged 50 years and older.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Management Practices Among Primary Care Providers In Northern Mississippi, Jennifer Bolen, Grace Henson, Sabrina Mcclain, Al Rayburn, Benjamin Spencer
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Management Practices Among Primary Care Providers In Northern Mississippi, Jennifer Bolen, Grace Henson, Sabrina Mcclain, Al Rayburn, Benjamin Spencer
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this research was twofold. First, the research revealed the practices among primary care providers in northern Mississippi for treating GAD whether psychotherapy, pharmacological, or a combination. The specific modalities of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy were listed. Second, the research revealed that these management practices are consistent with contemporary evidence-based research.
Implementation Of The Eighth Joint National Committee Guidelines Of Hypertension By The Primary Care Provider, Emily J. Stidham, Meagan Z. Hillhouse, Haley J. Murphy, Shelly R. Parker, Elaina A. Ponder, Lauren A. Tutor
Implementation Of The Eighth Joint National Committee Guidelines Of Hypertension By The Primary Care Provider, Emily J. Stidham, Meagan Z. Hillhouse, Haley J. Murphy, Shelly R. Parker, Elaina A. Ponder, Lauren A. Tutor
MSN Research Projects
Hypertension is a widespread disease process and well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and renal failure. Proper diagnosis and treatment of hypertension is crucial to reducing these adverse patient outcomes. The Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) released their most recent guidelines of the diagnosis and management of hypertension in December 2013 with implementation to take effect in January 2014. The JNC 8 guidelines of hypertension include the following: proper diagnosis of hypertension (>140/90 for patients < 60 years of age and those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease and >150/90 in patients > 60 years of age), lifestyle modifications to be initiated with every hypertensive patient, and newly diagnosed …
Barriers To The Administration Of The Influenza Vaccine, Lauren Babb, Heather Bishop, Carrie Dozier, Renea Hopple, Hannah Marlin, Jennifer Sartin
Barriers To The Administration Of The Influenza Vaccine, Lauren Babb, Heather Bishop, Carrie Dozier, Renea Hopple, Hannah Marlin, Jennifer Sartin
MSN Research Projects
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that since 2010 influenza has caused between 9.2 million and 60.8 million illnesses. Numbers from the 2015-2016 influenza season indicate that influenza vaccination prevented approximately 5.1 million influenza illnesses. Though most healthy individuals recover from the flu within 2 weeks, there is great concern for those who do not as this can lead to serious complications. Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, pregnant women and individuals with chronic disease that contract influenza, are at risk for more severe illnesses such as sinus infections or bacterial pneumonia. Influenza can lead to …
Early Detection Of Mild Cognitive Impairment In Older Adults Through The Use Of Annual Screening In The Primary Care Setting, Jordan Fulcher, Donald Tisdale, Charles Knapp, Jessica Mann, Kayla Mcmorise
Early Detection Of Mild Cognitive Impairment In Older Adults Through The Use Of Annual Screening In The Primary Care Setting, Jordan Fulcher, Donald Tisdale, Charles Knapp, Jessica Mann, Kayla Mcmorise
MSN Research Projects
The purpose of this study was to determine primary care providers’ adherence to USPSTF (2015), and the Alzheimer’s Association’s (2013) recommendations and guidelines advocating annual cognitive impairment screening on patients ages 65 years and older. The Alzheimer’s Association issued an algorithm for detecting cognitive impairment in older adults; this cognitive assessment algorithm was accepted and mandated by U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services during annual wellness visits of patients 65 years and older. In addition to the Alzheimer’s Association, USPSTF acknowledges the increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and the benefits of early detection. However, USPSTF argues a lack o …
Antibiotic Stewardship Among Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Foley D. Graham, Hayden S. Kilgore, Kali D. Rogers, Sierra G. Cain, Brittany D. Dickerson, Kayla L. Warner
Antibiotic Stewardship Among Primary Care Providers In Mississippi, Foley D. Graham, Hayden S. Kilgore, Kali D. Rogers, Sierra G. Cain, Brittany D. Dickerson, Kayla L. Warner
MSN Research Projects
The World Health Organization states antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial from working which results in ineffective treatment and persistent infections. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2017) reported that in the year 2015, 269.4 million antibiotic prescriptions were written in the outpatient setting, and approximately 30% of antibiotics written are unwarranted. Of those cases, most patients receive an antibiotic related to acute uncomplicated bronchitis, pharyngitis, or rhinosinusitis. The CDC reported that Americans spend nearly $11 billion yearly on antibiotics alone. However, up to 50% of all antibiotics prescribed are not indicated …