Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Bioimpedance-Derived Membrane Capacitance: Clinically Relevant Sources Of Variability, Precision, And Reliability, Valene Garr Barry, Jasmine L Chiang, Kaylan G Bowman, Kristina D Johnson, Barbara A Gower

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Membrane capacitance (C

Impacts Of Telemonitoring On Weight Obesity In African Americans, Miranda Bessem Mbutambe

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Obesity has become a complex public health issue among African Americans over the last few decades, due to the health risks it poses to this population. Obesity exposes African Americans to a variety of chronic diseases, including, but not limited to, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Owing to the complexity inherent in obesity, healthcare practitioners have developed various strategies and interventions to manage weight among vulnerable populations. In this regard, telemonitoring, a continuous or non-continuous process that allows medical practitioners to remotely monitor, collect, and interpret data necessary for medical follow-up and, if necessary, make medical decisions regarding the health state …

Implementation Of Provider Education Regarding Exercise As Adjunctive Treatment For Common Mental Health Diagnoses, Lauren Grace Martin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Mental and physical health are inextricably linked. The advent of the Covid-19 pandemic reduced physical activity levels while worsening mental health symptoms. Pharmacological treatments are frequently used to treat mental health conditions; however, side effects can worsen metabolic issues. There is significant evidence that exercise can improve mental health conditions. The purpose of this project was to utilize provider education as an intervention to increase the use of exercise as an adjunctive treatment in the psychiatric treatment plan. This project was implemented at Nevada Mental Health, an outpatient behavioral health clinic in Las Vegas, Nevada. The investigator conducted a chart …

Expression And Localization Of Nrf2/Keap1 Signalling Pathway Genes In Mouse Preimplantation Embryos Exposed To Free Fatty Acids., Grace Dionne, Michele D. Calder, Dean H Betts, Basim Abu Rafea, Andrew J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Obese women experience greater incidence of infertility, with reproductive tracts exposing preimplantation embryos to elevated free fatty acids (FFA) such as palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA). PA treatment impairs mouse preimplantation development in vitro, while OA co-treatment rescues blastocyst development of PA treated embryos. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PA and OA treatment on NRF2/Keap1 localization, and relative antioxidant enzyme (Glutathione peroxidase; Gpx1, Catalase; Cat, Superoxide dismutase; Sod1 and γ-Glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic unit; Gclc) mRNA levels, during in vitro mouse preimplantation embryo development. Female mice were superovulated, mated, and embryos cultured in the presence …

A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Of Automated Internet Weight-Loss Programs In Primary Care: Role Of Automated Provider Feedback., Deborah F Tate, Jennifer L Kraschnewski, Caitlin Martinez, Molly Diamond, Susan Veldheer, Kevin O Hwang, Erik B Lehman, Chengwu Yang, Christopher N Sciamanna

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of obesity and associated health risks in the United States adult population, few primary care providers (PCPs) have time and training to provide weight-management counseling to their patients. This study aims to compare the effect of referral to a comprehensive automated digital weight-loss program, with or without provider email feedback, with usual care on weight loss in patients with overweight or obesity.

METHODS: A total of 550 adults (mean [SD], 51.4 [11.2] years, BMI = 35.1 [5.5] kg/m

RESULTS: Weight changes (mean [SE]) at 12 months were -0.92 (0.46), -3.68 (0.46), and -3.58 (0.48) kg …

The Relationship Between Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Body Mass Index And Weight Loss: A Review Of The Literature, Jacqueline Kloos, Rachel Weinerman

Student Scholarship

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is commonly used as a proxy for ovarian reserve due to its secretion by antral follicles. It is considered a metric for prediction of ovarian response to certain assisted reproduction therapies. As obesity has a negative impact on fertility, it is important to establish whether obesity-induced hormonal changes influence AMH levels, if and how weight loss affects AMH, and if that influence represents altered reproductive function. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the effects of body mass index and weight loss on AMH levels. A PubMed literature keyword search with relevant …

Bifidobacterial Carbohydrate/Nucleoside Metabolism Enhances Oxidative Phosphorylation In White Adipose Tissue To Protect Against Diet-Induced Obesity., Gihyeon Kim, Youngmin Yoon, Jin Ho Park, Jae Won Park, Myung-Guin Noh, Hyun Kim, Changho Park, Hyuktae Kwon, Jeong-Hyeon Park, Yena Kim, Jinyoung Sohn, Shinyoung Park, Hyeonhui Kim, Sun-Kyoung Im, Yeongmin Kim, Ha Yung Chung, Myung Hee Nam, Jee Young Kwon, Il Yong Kim, Yong Jae Kim, Ji Hyeon Baek, Hak Su Kim, George M Weinstock, Belong Cho, Charles Lee, Sungsoon Fang, Hansoo Park, Je Kyung Seong

Faculty Research 2022

BACKGROUND: Comparisons of the gut microbiome of lean and obese humans have revealed that obesity is associated with the gut microbiome plus changes in numerous environmental factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we report that two species of Bifidobacterium are crucial to controlling metabolic parameters in the Korean population.

RESULTS: Based on gut microbial analysis from 99 Korean individuals, we observed the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum was markedly reduced in individuals with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), body mass index (BMI), blood triglyceride (TG), and fatty liver. Bacterial transcriptomic analysis revealed that carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolic processes of Bifidobacterium …

The Enigma Of Primary Hypertension In Childhood, Bonita Falkner

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Beginning in the 1970s, hypertension in children and adolescents has been defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) that is equal to or greater than the 95th percentile of the normal BP distribution in healthy children. The definition of hypertension in adults is based on longitudinal data that links a BP level with an increased risk for subsequent adverse outcomes related to hypertension including heart failure, kidney failure, stroke, or death. The statistical definition of hypertension continues to be used in childhood because there have been no data that link a BP level in childhood with a heightened risk …

Oral Health, Dentistry, Periodontology, Interrelation Between Periodontal Disease And Systemic Diseases, Diet And Periodontal Disease, Vijayendra Pandey Dr.

Health collection

There is increasing evidence that Periodontitis is related to a number of systemic diseases and it may be a risk factor for several chronic inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease , angina and myocardial infarction, adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus.

Resistin an adipokine found in adipose tissue and also released by inflammatory cells is associated with the upregulation of inflammatory process. Chronic low grade inflammation is emerging as a conceivable etiologic mechanism linking periodontitis and obesity.

Objectives-

To assess whether obese individuals are at increased risk of severe periodontitis by comparing periodontal clinical parameters (GI, PI, …

Active Vs Traditional Methods Of Recruiting Children For A Clinical Trial In Rural Primary Care Clinics: A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial, Paul M Darden, Ann M Davis, Jeannette Y Lee, Milan Bimali, Alan E Simon, Andrew M Atz, Crystal S Lim, Thao-Ly Phan, James R Roberts, Russell J Mcculloh, Lee Pyles, Michelle Shaffer, Jessica N Snowden

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Importance: To our knowledge, there are no published randomized clinical trials of recruitment strategies. Rigorously evaluated successful recruitment strategies for children are needed.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of 2 recruitment methods for enrolling rural children through primary care clinics to assess whether either or both methods are sufficiently effective for enrolling participants into a clinical trial of a behavioral telehealth intervention for children with overweight or obesity.

Design, setting, and participants: This cluster-randomized clinical trial of 2 recruitment methods was conducted at 4 primary care clinics in 4 separate states. Each clinic used both recruitment methods in random order. …

The Association Of Peptide Hormones With Glycemia, Dyslipidemia, And Obesity In Lebanese Individuals, Murielle Abou-Samra, Koen Venema, Carole Ayoub Moubareck, Mirey Karavetian

All Works

Peptide-hormones, including pancreatic peptide-YY(PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, and leptin function as satiety signals, while ghrelin promotes hunger. These hormones are also involved in glucose homeostasis and body-weight regulation. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine the association of these peptide-hormones with obesity-markers, insulin-resistance, and dyslipidemia (total-cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG)). Sixteen-obese (OB) adults and 21 normal-weight (NW) age-and gender-matched counterparts were recruited. OB-participants showed significantly higher levels of leptin, insulin, Homeostatic-Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and TG. NW participants had significantly higher levels of ghrelin. GLP-1 was positively correlated with insulin, …

Peroxisomal Regulation Of Energy Homeostasis: Effect On Obesity And Related Metabolic Disorders, Brian Kleiboeker, Irfan J Lodhi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Peroxisomes are single membrane-bound organelles named for their role in hydrogen peroxide production and catabolism. However, their cellular functions extend well beyond reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and include fatty acid oxidation of unique substrates that cannot be catabolized in mitochondria, and synthesis of ether lipids and bile acids. Metabolic functions of peroxisomes involve crosstalk with other organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and lysosomes. Emerging studies suggest that peroxisomes are important regulators of energy homeostasis and that disruption of peroxisomal functions influences the risk for obesity and the associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and hepatic …

Maternal Obesity And Gut Microbiota Are Associated With Fetal Brain Development, Sanjay Basak, Ranjit K. Das, Antara Banerjee, Sujay Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Obesity in pregnancy induces metabolic syndrome, low-grade inflammation, altered endocrine factors, placental function, and the maternal gut microbiome. All these factors impact fetal growth and development, including brain development. The lipid metabolic transporters of the maternal-fetal-placental unit are dysregulated in obesity. Consequently, the transport of essential long-chain PUFAs for fetal brain development is disturbed. The mother's gut microbiota is vital in maintaining postnatal energy homeostasis and maternal-fetal immune competence. Obesity during pregnancy changes the gut microbiota, affecting fetal brain development. Obesity in pregnancy can induce placental and intrauterine inflammation and thus influence the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring. Several epidemiological …

The Impact Of Obesity And Adipokines On Breast And Gynecologic Malignancies, Surabhi Tewari, Roberto Vargas, Ofer Reizes

Faculty Scholarship

The link between obesity and multiple disease comorbidities is well established. In 2003, Calle and colleagues presented the relationship between obesity and several cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial malignancies. Nearly, 20% of cancer-related deaths in females can be accounted for by obesity. Identifying obesity as a risk factor for cancer led to a focus on the role of fat-secreted cytokines, known as adipokines, on carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Early studies indicated that the adipokine leptin increases cell proliferation, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. As a greater appreciation of the obesity–cancer link has amassed, we …

Increased Access To Physical Activity For School-Aged Children In Community Settings, Kathleen Cobb, Alexandra Peary, Ashley Ricker, Leah Wilcox

Non-Thesis Student Work

Childhood obesity has reached unprecedented levels in the United States, which often continues into adulthood. Physical activity (PA) has shown to be an effective strategy in combating obesity in children by improving cardiovascular health and decreasing metabolic disease in adulthood. This literature review explored the effect of increased access to PA opportunities in community settings on the amount of time children ages 5-18 spent being physically active. Search of the literature included Google Scholar and CINAHL databases using the following terms: “child*,” “obesity,” “physical activity OR exercise,” “built environment,” and “school.” Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published from 2017-2022 with …

Lipoprotein Profiles Of Fat Distribution And Its Association With Insulin Sensitivity, Dongmei Wei, Vannina González Marrachelli, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Chia-Te Liao, Stefan Janssens, Peter Verhamme, Thomas Vanassche, Lucas Van Aelst, Daniel Monleon, Josep Redon, Zhen-Yu Zhang

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background: Fat deposition is associated with adverse outcomes. Waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio is a simple feasible index to assess fat distribution. Lipoprotein particle composition in relation to WHR and to what extent their association is mediated by insulin sensitivity are less investigated.

Methods: In 504 randomly recruited Flemish (mean age: 48.9 years; women: 51.6%), we analyzed the lipoprotein particle constitutions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. WHR obesity described a WHR of ≥ 0.85 for women or 0.9 for men. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). SCORE-2 risk algorithm was applied to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. …

Prevalence Of Smoking (Cigarette And Waterpipe) And Its Association With Obesity/Overweight In Uae And Palestine, Haleama Al Sabbah, Enas A. Assaf, Elias Dabeet

All Works

This study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of smoking behavior (cigarette and waterpipe) and its association with obesity/ overweight among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Palestine. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a convenient sample of 10 largest universities in the West Bank- Palestine and Dubai- UAE. In total, 3800 students were randomly selected from the universities, with an 87.6% response rate. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The key measures were: waterpipe smoking, weight, height, cigarette smoking, dieting to reduce weight, and perception and knowledge related to tobacco waterpipe smoking (TWP). …

Bioactive Food Components And Their Inhibitory Actions In Multiple Platelet Pathways, Diptimayee Das, Shubhamay Adhikary, Ranjit Kumar Das, Antara Banerjee, Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan, Sujay Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In addition to hemostasis and thrombosis, blood platelets are involved in various processes such as inflammation, infection, immunobiology, cancer metastasis, wound repair and angiogenesis. Platelets' hemostatic and non-hemostatic functions are mediated by the expression of various membrane receptors and the release of proteins, ions and other mediators. Therefore, specific activities of platelets responsible for the non-hemostatic disease are to be inhibited while leaving the platelet's hemostatic function unaffected. Platelets' anti-aggregatory property has been used as a primary criterion for antiplatelet drugs/bioactives; however, their non-hemostatic activities are not well known. This review describes the hemostatic and non-hemostatic function of human blood …

Dorsogluteal Intramuscular Injection Depth Needed To Reach Muscle Tissue According To Body Mass Index And Gender: A Systematic Review, Pamela Strohfus, Sara Palma, Chelsea Tindell Wallace

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aims and objective(s)

The objective of this systematic review was to determine the needle length required to reach the dorsogluteal muscle based on body mass index and sex. Our aim was to provide evidence-based recommendations to current intramuscular injection guidelines from the result(s) of this review.

Background

Studies worldwide are documenting reduced medication effectiveness due to improperly placed dorsogluteal intramuscular injections because of incorrect needle length, wrong site selection and/or obesity. Current intramuscular injection guidelines lack specific instructions according to weight or sex. While there are similar concerns with other injectable sites, this review focuses solely on adult dorsogluteal intramuscular …

Association Of Puberty Stage And Weight Status With Cardiometabolic Risk In Children And Adolescents Living On The Texas-Mexico Border., Ee Vien Low, Miryoung Lee, Cici Bauer, Susan P Fisher-Hoch, Joseph B Mccormick, Susan Abughosh, Ekere J Essien, Jessica Rodriguez, Hua Chen

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Ccr2+ Monocyte Subsets Increase In Obese Boys But Not Girls With Abnormally High Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Pilot Study, María José Garcés-Hernández, Karen Pedraza-Escudero, Nayely Garibay-Nieto, Joselin Hernández-Ruiz, Jessica Lakshmi Prieto-Chávez, Lourdes Andrea Arriaga-Pizano, Eréndira Villanueva-Ortega, Galileo Escobedo, Aaron Noe Manjarrez-Reyna, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The differential contribution of monocyte subsets expressing the C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) to subclinical atherosclerosis in girls and boys is unclear. In this pilot study, we compared classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocyte subsets expressing CCR2 in 33 obese children of both sexes aged 8 to 16 divided by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), considering values above the 75th percentile (p75) as abnormally high IMT. Obesity was defined as body mass index above the 95th percentile according to age and sex. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that boys but not girls with IMT ≥ p75 displayed increased CCR2⁺ cell percentage and …

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Preventing Or Managing Childhood Obesity Through Healthy Eating For Parents And Children, Kelsey Trulik, Brandon Hudson, Erin Markley, Nicole Ashley Hao, Nikhil Sundaram, Rommy Alaiwat

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Childhood Obesity, Rebecca Schultz, Connor Dasbach, Genevieve Joseph-Mofford, Mohamad Saleh, Natalie Amodei, Thomas Tracy, Yusuf Yasarlar

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Obesity Awareness In Adults, Tyler Mumm, Daniel Kim, Jacob Katzman, Liana De La Torre, Mariam Samir, Parker Marsh, Pragathi Pathanjeli

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Adult Obesity Intervention Within Detroit Community, Dhruvil Patel, Andrew Kirmse, Andrew Mizerowski, Bethani Dunlap, Jacob Sullivan, Nicole Naidoo, Shirley Elfishawy

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Pre-Pregnancy Excess Weight Association With Maternal Sociodemographic, Anthropometric And Lifestyle Factors And Maternal Perinatal Outcomes, Dimitrios Papandreou, Maria Mantzorou, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Eleni Pavlidou, Georgios Antasouras, Evmorfia Psara, Efthymios Poulios, Georgios K. Vasios, Constantinos Giaginis

All Works

BACKGROUND: Pre-pregnancy excess weight is an important factor for adverse maternal perinatal outcomes; however, data for Greek women remain limited. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the relation between pre-pregnant weight status and sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors and maternal perinatal outcomes. METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, 5133 healthy women were enrolled from nine different Greek regions after applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Validated questionnaires were used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics and certain lifestyle factors of the study population. Anthropometric and clinical data were retrieved from medical history files of the women, including …

College Of Public Heath News, Georgia Southern University

Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health News (2011-2023)

• The Image in the Mirror or the Number on the Scale, Which Counts? When it Comes to Depression, it’s a Weighted Issue.

The Role Of Bariatric And Metabolic Surgery In The Development, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer, Robert C. Ross, Yetunde M. Akinde, Philip R. Schauer, Carel W. Le Roux, Donal Brennan, Amelia M. Jernigan, Marco Bueter, Vance L. Albaugh

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The obesity pandemic continues to contribute to a worsening burden of disease worldwide. The link between obesity and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer has been well established, yet most patients living with obesity remain untreated or undertreated. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for obesity, is safe, and may have a protective benefit with respect to cancer incidence. In this review, an overview of the link between obesity, metabolic surgery, and cancer is discussed with emphasis on indications for endometrial cancer, the malignancy most strongly associated with obesity. Considerable evidence from retrospective …

Exclusive Breastfeeding For At Least Four Months Is Associated With A Lower Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Mothers And Their Children After 2–5 Years From Delivery, Maria Mantzorou, Dimitrios Papandreou, Georgios K. Vasios, Eleni Pavlidou, Georgios Antasouras, Evmorfia Psara, Zainab Taha, Efthymios Poulios, Constantinos Giaginis

All Works

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a current public health concern. Higher body weight is influenced by genetic and environmental parameters, and their interplay and is associated with a greater risk for several chronic diseases. Breastfeeding has been suggested as a preventive measure against obesity, which can further reduce long-term negative health outcomes for both women and children. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of breastfeeding on maternal and childhood overweight and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 2515 healthy mothers and their children, aged 2-5 years, enrolled from nine different Greek …

Weight Stability In Adults With Obesity Initiating Medical Marijuana Treatment For Other Medical Conditions, Michelle R. Lent, Meghan Visek, Paulina Syracuse, Karen L Dugosh, David Festinger

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Few studies have evaluated weight change in patients who initiate medical marijuana treatment to address diagnosed health concerns. The objective of this study was to examine whether patients initiating medical marijuana use for a qualifying health condition experienced changes in health and biopsychosocial functioning over time, including weight gain or loss. Specifically, this observational, longitudinal study evaluated changes in the body mass index (BMI) of adults with co-morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²) and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) who were starting medical marijuana treatment for any of the 23 qualifying medical conditions at …