Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Socioecological Predictors Of Breastfeeding Practices In Rural Eastern Ethiopia, Marina Magalhães, Amanda Ojeda, Karah Mechlowitz, Kaitlin Brittain, Jenna Daniel, Kedir Teji Roba, Jemal Yousuf Hassen, Mark J Manary, Wondwossen A Gebreyes, Arie H Havelaar, Sarah L Mckune

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Estimates by the World Health Organization indicate that over 800,000 global neonatal deaths each year are attributed to deviations from recommended best practices in infant feeding. Identifying factors promoting ideal breastfeeding practices may facilitate efforts to decrease neonatal and infant death rates and progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030. Though numerous studies have identified the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of childhood undernutrition, infection and illness, and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, no studies have explored predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia, where undernutrition is widespread. The aim of this …

A Unique High-Output Cardiac Hypertrophy Phenotype Arising From Low Systemic Vascular Resistance In Cantu Syndrome, Gautam K Singh, Conor Mcclenaghan, Manish Aggarwal, Hongjie Gu, Maria S Remedi, Dorothy K Grange, Colin G Nichols

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background Cardiomegaly caused by left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for development of congestive heart failure, classically associated with decreased systolic and/or diastolic ventricular function. Less attention has been given to the phenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy with enhanced ventricular function and increased cardiac output, which is potentially associated with high-output heart failure. Lack of recognition may pose diagnostic ambiguity and management complexities. Methods and Results We sought to systematically characterize high-output cardiac hypertrophy in subjects with Cantu syndrome (CS), caused by gain-of-function variants in

Wellness And Coping Of Physicians Who Worked In Icus During The Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional North American Survey, Karen E. A. Burns, Rachel K. Mcdonald, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Few surveys have focused on physician moral distress, burnout, and professional fulfilment. We assessed physician wellness and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using four validated instruments.

SETTING: Sixty-two sites in Canada and the United States.

SUBJECTS: Attending physicians (adult, pediatric; intensivist, nonintensivist) who worked in North American ICUs.

INTERVENTION: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We analysed 431 questionnaires (43.3% response rate) from 25 states and eight provinces. Respondents were predominantly male (229 [55.6%]) and in practice for 11.8 ± 9.8 years. Compared with prepandemic, respondents reported significant intrapandemic increases in days worked/mo, ICU bed occupancy, and …

A Novel, Likely Pathogenic Variant In Ubtf-Related Neurodegeneration With Brain Atrophy Is Associated With A Severe Divergent Neurodevelopmental Phenotype, Rory J Tinker, Tiffany Guess, David C Rinker, Jonathan H Sheehan, Daniel Lubarsky, Binu Porath, Mackenzie Mosera, Ping Mayo, Emily Solem, Laura A Lee, Asha Sharam, Jennifer Brault

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A de novo, pathogenic, missense variant in UBTF, c.628G>A p.Glu210Lys, has been described as the cause of an emerging neurodegenerative disorder, Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration with Brain Atrophy (CONDBA). The p.Glu210Lys alteration yields a positively charged stretch of three lysine residues. Functional studies confirmed this change results in a stronger interaction with negatively charged DNA and gain-of-function activity when compared to the wild-type sequence. The CONDBA phenotype reported in association with p.Glu210Lys consists of normal early-neurodevelopment followed by progressive motor, cognitive, and behavioral regression in early-to-middle childhood.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The current proband presented at 9 months of age with …

Infections In The First Year Of Life And Development Of Beta Cell Autoimmunity And Clinical Type 1 Diabetes In High-Risk Individuals: The Trigr Cohort, Olga Kordonouri, David Cuthbertson, Malin Belteky, Bärbel Aschemeier-Fuchs, Neil H White, Elisabeth Cummings, Mikael Knip, Johnny Ludvigsson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Accumulated data suggest that infections in early life contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Using data from the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR), we set out to assess whether children who later developed diabetes-related autoantibodies and/or clinical type 1 diabetes had different exposure to infections early in life compared with those who did not.

METHODS: A cohort of 2159 children with an affected first-degree relative and HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes were recruited between 2002 and 2007 and followed until 2017. Infections were registered prospectively. The relationship between infections in the …

Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Different Bupivacaine Concentrations In Children Undergoing Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial, Meltem Savran Karadeniz, Ayşe Gülşah Atasever, Emine Aysu Salviz, Emre Sertaç Bingül, Hayriye Şentürk Çiftçi, Müşerref Beril Dinçer, Mukadder Orhan Sungur

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Current knowledge on the ideal local anesthetic concentration for the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in pediatrics is scarce. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of US-guided TAPB at two different concentrations of bupivacaine in pediatrics undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair.

METHODS: After random allocation, 74 children aged 1-8 were randomized to receive US-guided TAPB by using 1 mg.kg

RESULTS: Sixty-four children were recruited for the study. Postoperative pain scores were equal between the two groups. There was no need for a rescue analgesic in any group after the postoperative 6

CONCLUSION: TAPB using …

A Comparison Of Methods To Harmonize Cortical Thickness Measurements Across Scanners And Sites, Delin Sun, Evan Gordon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Results of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple sites may be biased by site-specific profiles in participants' demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as MRI acquisition protocols and scanning platforms. We compared the impact of four different harmonization methods on results obtained from analyses of cortical thickness data: (1) linear mixed-effects model (LME) that models site-specific random intercepts (LME

Clinical Characteristics Of Children With Cerebral Injury Preceding Treatment Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Nicole S Glaser, Kimberly S Quayle, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Previous studies have identified more severe acidosis and higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as risk factors for cerebral injury during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children; however, cerebral injury also can occur before DKA treatment. We found that lower pH and higher BUN levels also were associated with cerebral injury at presentation.

Real-World Evidence Supporting Tandem Control-Iq Hybrid Closed-Loop Success In The Medicare And Medicaid Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Populations, Gregory P Forlenza, Anders L Carlson, Rodolfo J Galindo, Davida F Kruger, Carol J Levy, Janet B Mcgill, Guillermo Umpierrez, Grazia Aleppo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Dose-Dependent Seizure Control With Mek Inhibitor Therapy For Progressive Glioma In A Child With Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Evan Cantor, Ashley Meyer, Stephanie M Morris, Judith L Z Weisenberg, Nicole M Brossier

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) occurring in children can result in many different neurologic complications, including seizures. MEK inhibitors are increasingly being used to treat LGG, but their effect on associated neurologic symptoms has not been established.

RESULTS: Here, we report a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), and an extensive optic pathway glioma (OPG) who developed dose-dependent seizure control while being treated with selumetinib. Seizure frequency rebounded after dose reduction for cardiac toxicity, then improved, and finally ceased after restarting full dosing, allowing confidence in the cause of improvement.

CONCLUSION: Selumetinib may have promise in epilepsy …

Enteric Pathogen Testing Importance For Children With Acute Gastroenteritis: A Modified Delphi Study, Gillian A M Tarr, Drew J Persson, Phillip I Tarr, Stephen B Freedman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The application of clinical diagnostics for gastroenteritis in children has implications for a broad collection of stakeholders, impacting clinical care, communicable disease control, and laboratory utilization. To support diagnostic stewardship as gastroenteritis testing options continue to advance, it is critical to understand which enteropathogens constitute priorities for testing across stakeholder groups. Using a modified Delphi technique, we elicited opinions of subject matter experts to determine clinical and public health testing priorities. There was a high level of overall agreement (≥80%) among stakeholders (final round

Cross-Species Efficacy Of Enzyme Replacement Therapy For Cln1 Disease In Mice And Sheep, Hemanth R. Nelvagal, Sophie H. Wang, Elizabeth M. Eultgen, Keigo Takashash, Steven Q. Le, Rachel Nesbitt, Joshua T. Dearborn, Patricia I. Dickson, Mark S. Sands, Jonathan D. Cooper, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

CLN1 disease, also called infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) or infantile Batten disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder resulting from mutations in the CLN1 gene encoding the soluble lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). Therapies for CLN1 disease have proven challenging because of the aggressive disease course and the need to treat widespread areas of the brain and spinal cord. Indeed, gene therapy has proven less effective for CLN1 disease than for other similar lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. We therefore tested the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) by administering monthly infusions of recombinant human PPT1 (rhPPT1) to PPT1-deficient …

Entrectinib In Children And Young Adults With Solid Or Primary Cns Tumors Harboring Ntrk, Ros1, Or Alk Aberrations (Startrk-Ng), Ami V Desai, Karen Gauvain, Amy E Armstrong, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Entrectinib is a TRKA/B/C, ROS1, ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults and children aged ≥12 years with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumors and adults with ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. We report an analysis of the STARTRK-NG trial, investigating the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and activity of entrectinib in pediatric patients with solid tumors including primary central nervous system tumors.

METHODS: STARTRK-NG (NCT02650401) is a phase 1/2 trial. Phase 1, dose-escalation of oral, once-daily entrectinib, enrolled patients aged <22 years with solid tumors with/without target NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or ALK fusions. Phase 2, basket trial at the RP2D, enrolled patients with intracranial or extracranial solid tumors harboring target fusions or neuroblastoma. Primary endpoints: phase 1, RP2D based on toxicity; phase 2, objective response rate (ORR) in patients harboring target fusions. Safety-evaluable patients: ≥1 dose of entrectinib; response-evaluable patients: measurable/evaluable baseline disease and ≥1 dose at RP2D.

RESULTS: At data cutoff, 43 patients, median age of 7 years, were response-evaluable. In phase 1, 4 …

Paediatrician's Guide To Post-Operative Care For Functionally Univentricular Chd: A Review, Christina Ronai, Sarosh P Batlivala, Quang-Tuyen Nguyen, Markus S Renno, Lindsay Arthur, Julie Glickstein, Jonathan N Johnson, Jacob R Miller, Carolyn A Altman, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Single ventricle CHD affects about 5 out of 100,000 newborns, resulting in complex anatomy often requiring multiple, staged palliative surgeries. Paediatricians are an essential part of the team that cares for children with single ventricle CHD. These patients often encounter their paediatrician first when a complication arises, so it is critical to ensure the paediatrician is knowledgeable of these issues to provide optimal care.

OBSERVATIONS: We reviewed the subtypes of single ventricle heart disease and the various palliative surgeries these patients undergo. We then searched the literature to detail the general paediatrician's approach to single ventricle patients at different …

Multicenter, Randomized Trial Of A Bionic Pancreas In Type 1 Diabetes, Steven J Russell, Janet B Mcgill, Maamoun Salam, Julie M Silverstein, Samantha Adamson, Andrea Cedeno, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Currently available semiautomated insulin-delivery systems require individualized insulin regimens for the initialization of therapy and meal doses based on carbohydrate counting for routine operation. In contrast, the bionic pancreas is initialized only on the basis of body weight, makes all dose decisions and delivers insulin autonomously, and uses meal announcements without carbohydrate counting.

METHODS: In this 13-week, multicenter, randomized trial, we randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio persons at least 6 years of age with type 1 diabetes either to receive bionic pancreas treatment with insulin aspart or insulin lispro or to receive standard care (defined as any insulin-delivery …

Efficacy Of A Smartphone-Based Care Support Programme In Improving Post-Traumatic Stress In Families With Childhood Cancer: Protocol Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Jun Ma, Han-Zhu Qian, Yueyang Peng, Yali Xiang, Minghua Yang, Jessica Hahne, Can Gu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis and treatment represent distressing experiences for the families of children with cancer. Psychosocial challenges are faced by these families in China because of limited health services and resources for psychosocial oncology care. Effective interventions tailored to the knowledge level and cultural values of this population are needed. The goal of this study is to evaluate a smartphone-based care support (SBCS) programme for the families of children with cancer in China.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of an evidence-based and culturally tailored SBCS programme for the families of children …

Implementation Of A Provider-Focused Intervention For Maximizing Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Vaccine Uptake In Young Cancer Survivors Receiving Follow-Up Care In Pediatric Oncology Practices: Protocol For A Cluster-Randomized Trial Of The Hpv Protect Intervention, Wendy Landier, Smita Bhatia, Joshua S Richman, Paula D Campos Gonzalez, Brooke Cherven, Veronica Chollette, Jamie Aye, Sharon M Castellino, Maria M Gramatges, Susan Lindemulder, Thomas B Russell, Lucie M Turcotte, Graham A Colditz, Melissa B Gilkey, James L Klosky

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk for developing new cancers (such as cervical and anal cancer) caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV vaccination is effective in preventing the infections that lead to these cancers, but HPV vaccine uptake is low among young cancer survivors. Lack of a healthcare provider recommendation is the most common reason that cancer survivors fail to initiate the HPV vaccine. Strategies that are most successful in increasing HPV vaccine uptake in the general population focus on enhancing healthcare provider skills to effectively recommend the vaccine, and reducing barriers faced by …

The Transition To Parenthood In Obstetrics: Enhancing Prenatal Care For 2-Generation Impact, Catherine Monk, Sona Dimidjian, Ellen Galinsky, Kimberly D. Gregory, M. Camille Hoffman, Elizabeth A. Howell, Emily S. Miller, Cynthia Osborne, Cynthia E. Rogers, Darby E. Saxbe, Mary E. D'Alton

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Obstetrics, the specialty overseeing infant and parent health before birth, could be expanded to address the interrelated areas of parents' prenatal impact on children's brain development and their own psychosocial needs during a time of immense change and neuroplasticity. Obstetrics is primed for the shift that is happening in pediatrics, which is moving from its traditional focus on physical health to a coordinated, whole-child, 2- or multigeneration approach. Pediatric care now includes developmental screening, parenting education, parent coaching, access to developmental specialists, brain-building caregiving skills, linkages to community resources, and tiered interventions with psychologists. Drawing on decades of developmental origins …

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Measures Characteristic Of Early Cart-Treated Pediatric Hiv: A Feature Selection Approach, Isaac L Khobo, Marcin Jankiewicz, Martha J Holmes, Francesca Little, Mark F Cotton, Barbara Laughton, Andre J W Van Der Kouwe, Allison Moreau, Emmanuel Nwosu, Ernesta M Meintjes, Frances C Robertson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV-related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (

Does Social Intolerance Vary According To Cognitive Styles, Genetic Cognitive Capacity, Or Education?, Aino Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Henrik Dobewall, C Robert Cloninger, Ari Ahola-Olli, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Suvi Rovio, Niklas Ravaja

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Low education, low cognitive abilities, and certain cognitive styles are suggested to predispose to social intolerance and prejudices. Evidence is, however, restricted by comparatively small samples, neglect of confounding variables and genetic factors, and a narrow focus on a single sort of prejudice. We investigated the relationships of education, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, and cognitive styles with social intolerance in adulthood over a 15-year follow-up.

METHODS: We used data from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study (n = 960-1679). Social intolerance was evaluated with the Social Intolerance Scale in 1997, 2001, and 2011; cognitive performance with the Cambridge …

Consensus-Based Recommendations On Priority Activities To Address Acute Kidney Injury In Children: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement, Stuart L Goldstein, Tara M Neumayr, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Increasing evidence indicates that acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in children and young adults and is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Guidance is required to focus efforts related to expansion of pediatric AKI knowledge.

Objective: To develop expert-driven pediatric specific recommendations on needed AKI research, education, practice, and advocacy.

Evidence Review: At the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative meeting conducted in November 2021 by 47 multiprofessional international experts in general pediatrics, nephrology, and critical care, the panel focused on 6 areas: (1) epidemiology; (2) diagnostics; (3) fluid overload; (4) kidney support therapies; (5) biology, pharmacology, and …

Association Of Blood-Based Brain Injury Biomarker Concentrations With Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest, Ericka L Fink, Stuart Friess, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Families and clinicians have limited validated tools available to assist in estimating long-term outcomes early after pediatric cardiac arrest. Blood-based brain-specific biomarkers may be helpful tools to aid in outcome assessment.

Objective: To analyze the association of blood-based brain injury biomarker concentrations with outcomes 1 year after pediatric cardiac arrest.

Design, Setting, and Participants: The Personalizing Outcomes After Child Cardiac Arrest multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in pediatric intensive care units at 14 academic referral centers in the US between May 16, 2017, and August 19, 2020, with the primary investigators blinded to 1-year outcomes. The study included …

Comparative Risks Of Initial Aortic Events Associated With Genetic Thoracic Aortic Disease, Ellen S. Regalado, Alan C. Braverman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pathogenic variants in 11 genes predispose individuals to heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD), but limited data are available to stratify the risk for aortic events associated with these genes.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the risk of first aortic event, specifically thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery or an aortic dissection, among 7 HTAD genes and variant types within each gene.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of probands and relatives with rare variants in 7 genes for HTAD (n = 1,028) was assessed for the risk of first aortic events based on the gene altered, pathogenic variant type, sex, proband status, …

A Pilot Randomized Trial To Examine Effects Of A Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery System On Neurodevelopmental And Cognitive Outcomes In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Allan L Reiss, Ana Maria Arbelaez, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with lower scores on tests of cognitive and neuropsychological function and alterations in brain structure and function in children. This proof-of-concept pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03428932) examined whether MRI-derived indices of brain development and function and standardized IQ scores in adolescents with T1D could be improved with better diabetes control using a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system. Eligibility criteria for participation in the study included age between 14 and 17 years and a diagnosis of T1D before 8 years of age. Randomization to either a hybrid closed-loop or standard diabetes care group was performed …

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Engineering Establishes A Humanized Mouse Platform For Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Modeling, Corina Anastasaki, Jit Chatterjee, Olivia Cobb, Shilpa Sanapala, Suzanne M Scheaffer, Amanda De Andrade Costa, Anna F Wilson, Chloe M Kernan, Ameera H Zafar, Xia Ge, Joel R Garbow, Fausto J Rodriguez, David H Gutmann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A major obstacle to identifying improved treatments for pediatric low-grade brain tumors (gliomas) is the inability to reproducibly generate human xenografts. To surmount this barrier, we leveraged human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) engineering to generate low-grade gliomas (LGGs) harboring the two most common pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma-associated molecular alterations, NF1 loss and KIAA1549:BRAF fusion. Herein, we identified that hiPSC-derived neuroglial progenitor populations (neural progenitors, glial restricted progenitors and oligodendrocyte progenitors), but not terminally differentiated astrocytes, give rise to tumors retaining LGG histologic features for at least 6 months in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrated that hiPSC-LGG xenograft formation requires the absence …

Psychiatry Training In Autism Spectrum Disorder And Intellectual Disability: Ongoing Gaps And Emerging Opportunities, Natasha Marrus, Kathleen A. Koth, Jessica A. Hellings, Rachel Mcdonald, Mcleod Frampton Gwynette, Rebecca Muhle, William D. Lohr, Roma A. Vasa

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability experience high rates of co-occurring psychiatric conditions throughout their lifetime. However, there is a shortage of psychiatrists to treat these populations. We evaluated how much education psychiatrists-in-training receive on how to care for individuals with autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability. We found that in many psychiatry programs, residents receive limited training experiences in autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability involving lectures and patient contact and that psychiatry program directors would benefit from more resources to strengthen education in autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability.

Selinexor In Advanced, Metastatic Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Multinational, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Mrinal M Gounder, Brian A Van Tine, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Antitumor activity in preclinical models and a phase I study of patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DD-LPS) was observed with selinexor. We evaluated the clinical benefit of selinexor in patients with previously treated DD-LPS whose sarcoma progressed on approved agents.

METHODS: SEAL was a phase II-III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients age 12 years or older with advanced DD-LPS who had received two-five lines of therapy were randomly assigned (2:1) to selinexor (60 mg) or placebo twice weekly in 6-week cycles (crossover permitted). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Patients who received at least one dose of …

Graded Variation In T1w/T2w Ratio During Adolescence: Measurement, Caveats, And Implications For Development Of Cortical Myelin, Graham L Baum, John C Flournoy, Matthew F Glasser, Michael P Harms, Patrick Mair, Ashley F P Sanders, Deanna M Barch, Randy L Buckner, Susan Bookheimer, Mirella Dapretto, Stephen Smith, Kathleen M Thomas, Essa Yacoub, David C Van Essen, Leah H Somerville

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Adolescence is characterized by the maturation of cortical microstructure and connectivity supporting complex cognition and behavior. Axonal myelination influences brain connectivity during development by enhancing neural signaling speed and inhibiting plasticity. However, the maturational timing of cortical myelination during human adolescence remains poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of recent advances in high-resolution cortical T1w/T2w mapping methods, including principled correction of B1+ transmit field effects, using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D;

Examination Of The Interaction Between Parental Military-Status And Race Among Non-Hispanic Black And Non-Hispanic White Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity, M K Higgins Neyland, Denise E Wilfley, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Adolescent military-dependents experience distinct risk and protective factors, which may necessitate additional clinical considerations. In civilian youth, overweight/obesity is associated with eating, internalizing, and externalizing difficulties, with some studies reporting more difficulties among non-Hispanic White (vs. non-Hispanic Black) youth. It is unknown if these disparities exist among adolescent military-dependents, or between civilian and military-dependent youth.

METHODS: Non-Hispanic Black (187 civilian, 38 military-dependent) and non-Hispanic White (205 civilian, 84 military-dependent) adolescents with overweight/obesity (14.7 ± 1.6 years; 73.9% girls; body mass index adjusted for age and sex 1.9 ± 0.5) completed a disordered-eating interview; parents completed a measure assessing their …

Factors Affecting Pathways To Care For Children And Adolescents With Complex Vascular Malformations: Parental Perspectives, Bryan A Sisk, Anna Kerr, Katherine A King

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Complex vascular malformations (VMs) are rare disorders that can cause pain, coagulopathy, disfigurement, asymmetric growth, and disability. Patients with complex VMs experience misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, delayed or inappropriate treatments, and worsened health. Given the potential consequences of delaying expert care, we must identify the factors that impede or facilitate this access to care.

RESULTS: We performed semi-structured interviews with 24 parents (21 mothers; 3 fathers; median age = 42.5 years) of children with complex VMs and overgrowth disorders living in the US, recruited through two patient advocacy groups - CLOVES Syndrome Community, and Klippel-Trenaunay Support Group. We performed thematic …