Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Prospective Evaluation Of Association Between Negative Emotions And Heart Failure Symptom Severity, Kyoung Suk Lee, Terry A. Lennie, Debra K. Moser

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Prior studies of symptoms in heart failure (HF) were largely cross-sectional and symptoms were measured using retrospective recall. Because negative emotions influence information processing, retrospective symptom reports by patients with depressive symptoms and anxiety may be biased. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in patterns of symptom changes, measured prospectively, over 15 days by levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety.

Methods: HF patients (N=52) rated daily symptom severity for shortness of breath (SOB), fatigue, sleep disturbance, and edema over 15 days on a 10-point visual analogue scale. Patients were grouped into higher vs …

Are Countries With Higher Levels Of Mental Health Cases Experience Higher Divorce Rates?, Liu Ying Wong, Yi Pei Goh

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

This paper aims to determine if spouses’ mental health can be a factor affecting the divorce rate of marriage. A regression analysis is carried out to determine how the percentage of mental health cases in a country’s population affects the divorce rates of a country, while controlling the effects of labour force participation and income. The data from the selected 20 countries are collected from reputable world organizations selected. The results obtained from the regression analysis show that mental health has a marginally significant association with divorce rate and the association between income index and divorce rate is statistically significant.

Investigating The Psychological Impact Of Covid-19 Among Healthcare Workers: A Meta-Analysis, Kavita Batra, Tejinder Pal Singh, Manoj Sharma, Ravi Batra, Nena Schvaneveldt

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Previous meta-analyses were conducted during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, which utilized a smaller pool of data. The current meta-analysis aims to provide additional (and updated) evidence related to the psychological impact among healthcare workers. The search strategy was developed by a medical librarian and bibliographical databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for studies examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of healthcare workers. Articles were screened by three reviewers. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I2 statistic. The random-effects model …

Medicine And Surgery Residents' Perspectives On The Impact Of Covid-19 On Graduate Medical Education., Tanvi Rana, Christopher Hackett, Timothy Quezada, Abhishek Chaturvedi, Veli Bakalov, Jody Leonardo, Sandeep Rana

COVID-19 Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The COVID-19 crisis has had an unprecedented impact on resident education and well-being: social distancing guidelines have limited patient volumes and forced virtual learning, while personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, school/daycare closures, and visa restrictions have served as additional stressors. Our study aimed to analyze the effects of COVID-19 crisis-related stressors on residents' professional and personal lives. In April 2020, we administered a survey to residents at a large academic hospital system in order to assess the impact of the pandemic on residency training after >6 weeks of a modified schedule. The primary outcome was to determine which factors or …

Psychosocial Correlates Of Depression And Anxiety In The United Arab Emirates During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Justin Thomas, Mariapaola Barbato, Marina Verlinden, Carl Gaspar, Mona Moussa, Jihane Ghorayeb, Aaina Menon, Maria J. Figueiras, Teresa Arora, Richard P. Bentall

All Works

© Copyright © 2020 Thomas, Barbato, Verlinden, Gaspar, Moussa, Ghorayeb, Menon, Figueiras, Arora and Bentall. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is likely to be significant. Identifying vulnerable groups during the pandemic is essential for targeting psychological support, and in preparation for any second wave or future pandemic. Vulnerable groups are likely to vary across different societies; therefore, research needs to be conducted at a national and international level. This online survey explored generalized anxiety and depression symptoms in a community sample of adults (N = 1,039) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between April 8th and …

How Parents And Their Children Used Social Media And Technology At The Beginning Of The Covid-19 Pandemic And Associations With Anxiety., Michelle Drouin, Brandon T. Mcdaniel Phd, Jessica Pater, Tammy Toscos Phd

Health Services and Informatics Research

In this study, we examined parents' (n = 260) perceptions of their own and their children's use of social media and other types of communication technologies in the beginning stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related sanctions (e.g., social distancing) in the United States. We also examined associations between social media and technology use and anxiety. On average, parents reported that both they and their children (especially teenagers aged 13-18) had increased technology and social media use since the beginning of social distancing. Moreover, even after controlling for demographic factors, structural equation models showed that parents and children with …

Distinct Clinicopathologic Clusters Of Persons With Tdp-43 Proteinopathy, Yuriko Katsumata, Erin L. Abner, Shama Karanth, Merilee A. Teylan, Charles N. Mock, Matthew D. Cykowski, Edward B. Lee, Kevin L. Boehme, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, John S. K. Kauwe, Richard J. Kryscio, Frederick A. Schmitt, David W. Fardo, Peter T. Nelson

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

To better understand clinical and neuropathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathies, data were analyzed from autopsied research volunteers who were followed in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) data set. All subjects (n = 495) had autopsy-proven TDP-43 proteinopathy as an inclusion criterion. Subjects underwent comprehensive longitudinal clinical evaluations yearly for 6.9 years before death on average. We tested whether an unsupervised clustering algorithm could detect coherent groups of TDP-43 immunopositive cases based on age at death and extensive neuropathologic data. Although many of the brains had mixed pathologies, four discernible clusters were identified. Key differentiating features were age at …

Characterizing Prenatal Maternal Distress With Unique Prenatal Cortisol Trajectories, Gage Peterson, Emma V. Espel, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Curt A. Sandman, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: It is widely assumed that glucocorticoids represent a primary mechanism through which exposure to adversity and maternal psychological distress shape prenatal developmental trajectories of both mother and fetus. However, despite repeated investigations and the fact that prenatal cortisol has been reliably linked to developmental outcomes, the empirical evidence supporting an association between prenatal cortisol and maternal distress is scarce. In this study, a novel approach to assessing links between maternal prenatal psychological distress and gestational cortisol profiles, general growth mixture modeling (GGMM), was applied. Method: Measures of pregnancy anxiety, perceived stress, and state anxiety and depressive symptoms as well …

Do Not Forget Our Pregnant Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gabriel Costa Osanan, Maria Fernanda Escobar Vidarte, Jack Ludmir

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Autonomic Nervous System Changes In Individuals With Anxiety And Depression Across The Lifespan: A Systematic Review, Justin Peterson Spt, Brandon Funk Spt, Rachel C. Sannicandro Spt, Anna K. Ortung Spt, Karin Steere Dpt

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: As a measure of systemic health, heart rate variability (HRV) can strongly and independently predict adverse future prognosis.1–3 Reduced HRV has been correlated to numerous chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and chronic pain.4 Evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders can have similar systemic effects.5 Anxiety and depression are two of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world.6 The primary aim of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between anxiety and/or depression and heart rate variability across the age spectrum.

METHODS: Online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, and CINAHL were searched for papers dated …

Prevalence Of Depression, Anxiety, And Stress During Covid-19 Pandemic, Ram Lakhan, Amit Agrawal, Manoj Sharma

Public Health Faculty Publications

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has greatly affected human lives across the world. Uncertainty and quarantine have been affecting people’s mental health. Estimations of mental health problems are needed immediately for the better planning and management of these concerns at a global level. A rapid scoping review was conducted to get the estimation of mental health problems in the COVID-19 pandemic during the first 7 months. Peer-reviewed, data-based journal articles published in the English language were searched in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar electronic databases from December 2019 to June 2020. Papers that met the inclusion criteria were …

A Longitudinal Cohort Study To Explore The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety And Academic Performance Among Emirati University Students, Suheir Awadalla, E. Bethan Davies, Cris Glazebrook

All Works

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Many university students experience depression and anxiety, both of which have been shown to affect cognitive function. However, the impact of these emotional difficulties on academic performance is unclear. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in university students in United Arab Emirates (UAE). It further seeks to explore the relationship between emotional difficulties and students' academic performance. Methods: This longitudinal study recruited 404 students (aged 17-25 years) attending one UAE university (80.4% response rate). At baseline, participants completed a paper-based survey to assess socio-economic factors and academic performance, including most …

The Relationship Between Sleep Duration And Mood In Adolescents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Michelle A. Short, Stephen A. Booth, Omar Omar, Linda Ostlundh, Teresa Arora

All Works

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Insufficient sleep has been argued to result in deleterious changes to mood in adolescents and offers promise as a modifiable risk factor. A systematic review of the literature regarding sleep duration and mood in adolescents was conducted using the academic databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE to identify relevant literature. Seventy-four studies, including 361,505 adolescents were sourced out of the 1534 references identified, 73 of which were appropriate for meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that less sleep was associated with a 55% increase in the likelihood of mood deficits. Positive mood showed the largest relationship with …

Evaluation Of Biased And Balanced Salvinorin A Analogs In Preclinical Models Of Pain, Kelly F. Paton, Andrew Biggerstaff, Sophia Kaska, Rachel S. Crowley, Anne C. La Flamme, Thomas E. Prisinzano, Bronwyn M. Kivell

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

In the search for safer, non-addictive analgesics, kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists are a potential target, as unlike mu-opioid analgesics, they do not have abuse potential. Salvinorin A (SalA) is a potent and selective KOPr agonist, however, clinical utility is limited by the short duration of action and aversive side effects. Biasing KOPr signaling toward G-protein activation has been highlighted as a key cellular mechanism to reduce the side effects of KOPr agonists. The present study investigated KOPr signaling bias and the acute antinociceptive effects and side effects of two novel analogs of SalA, 16-Bromo SalA and 16-Ethynyl SalA. 16-Bromo …

Pandemic Response As Border Politics, Michael R. Kenwick, Beth A. Simmons

All Faculty Scholarship

Pandemics are imbued with the politics of bordering. For centuries, border closures and restrictions on foreign travelers have been the most persistent and pervasive means by which states have responded to global health crises. The ubiquity of these policies is not driven by any clear scientific consensus about their utility in the face of myriad pandemic threats. Instead, we show they are influenced by public opinion and preexisting commitments to invest in the symbols and structures of state efforts to control their borders, a concept we call border orientation. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, border orientation was already generally …

Psychedelics And Mental Health, Angelica Milla

College of Pharmacy Student Research

No abstract provided.

Examining Stigma And Its Effect On Hiv Prevention & Care Among People Living In Florida, Angel B. Algarin

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Persistent increases of HIV incidence in Florida has made it essential to study ways to improve HIV prevention strategies. Treatment as Prevention (TasP) and Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) are two recent methods in HIV prevention; however, their success may be limited due to barriers such as stigma. This dissertation explored the relationship between HIV-related stigma and 1) antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression and 2) symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, it sought to develop and validate a scale to measure community PrEP-related stigma.

We used data from the Florida Cohort Study which include 932 people living with HIV (PLWH). The …

Covid-19, Anxiety, And Depression: Evidence From The U.S. Household Pulse Survey, Xiaoyan Zhang

Population Health Research Brief Series

A large share of U.S. adults report feelings of anxiety and depression during COVID-19. The interactive figure allows you to explore demographic differences in reports of depression and anxiety among U.S. adults during COVID-19.

Anticipatory Threat Responding: Associations With Anxiety, Development, And Brain Structure, Rany Abend, Andrea L. Gold, Jennifer C. Britton, Kalina J. Michalska, Tomer Shechner, Jessica F. Sachs, Anderson M. Winkler, Ellen Leibenluft

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

BACKGROUND: While translational theories link neurodevelopmental changes in threat learning to pathological anxiety, findings from studies in patients inconsistently support these theories. This inconsistency may reflect difficulties in studying large patient samples with wide age ranges using consistent methods. A dearth of imaging data in patients further limits translational advances. We address these gaps through a psychophysiology and structural brain imaging study in a large sample of patients across the lifespan.

METHODS: A total of 351 participants (8-50 years of age; 209 female subjects; 195 healthy participants and 156 medication-free, treatment-seeking patients with anxiety) completed a differential threat conditioning and …

A Cross-Sectional Study Of Nausea In Functional Abdominal Pain: Relation To Mucosal Mast Cells And Psychological Functioning., Craig A. Friesen, Meenal Singh, Vivekanand Singh, Jennifer Verrill Schurman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Nausea is a common symptom in youth with chronic abdominal pain. The aims of the current study were to assess: 1) the frequency of nausea in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), respectively, as defined by Rome IV criteria; and, 2) relationships between nausea and mucosal inflammation as defined by antral and duodenal eosinophil and mast cell densities. A secondary aim was to assess relationships between nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, non-gastrointestinal somatic symptoms, and psychological dysfunction.

METHODS: Records from patients with pain associated functional gastrointestinal disorders were retrospectively reviewed for gastrointestinal and somatic symptoms …

2020-05-06 A Message From Chancellor Roth, Paul B. Roth

HSC Messages from the Chancellor

No abstract provided.

College Education Can Induce Stress, Anxiety, And Depression – Are You Sad?, Nathan L. Boyd

2020 Symposium Posters

College students must manage a great deal of stress, including heavy loads of coursework, deadlines, finances, families, working part-time or full-time, and choosing their lifelong careers. The Center for Collegiate Mental Health has reported that stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) are the leading reasons that students reach out for mental health services. However, stigma has been identified as the primary barrier to treatment. Students should be encouraged to seek the help of medical professionals and develop healthy habits because these serious conditions can negatively affect educational performance, work performance, and quality of life. Secondary research methods will be used to …

Diabetes As It Relates To Stress, Anxiety And Lifestyle Choices, Kayla C. Dedloff

2020 Symposium Posters

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that impacts 29 million people in the United States. Diabetes is a disease that develops when one's body becomes resistant to insulin, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, and the blood glucose levels are increased. If hyperglycemia is not managed, it will result in complications. Management of stress is significant in diabetic patients because stressing intensifies diabetes. The majority of type 2 diabetes patients are overwhelmed with managing the disease, and when they can’t control their blood glucose, it results in depression and anxiety. There is a link between lifestyle choices and type …

The Role Of Diet In The Onset Of Depression: A Biochemical Connection Between Nutrition And Mental Health, Katlin Wildeman

Senior Honors Theses

Depression is a major clinical concern, having a complex onset and the presence of multiple, often unidentifiable causes. Depression affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a high prevalence in regions of the world with a Western-style diet as compared to regions with a Mediterranean diet. A Western-style diet consists of foods high in sugar, fat, and processed meats and grains, whereas the Mediterranean diet contains significantly more vegetables, fruits, lean meats, and whole grains. The link between diet and mental health disorders has implications for individuals of all ages who are hesitant to turn to medication. In addition to presenting …

The Influence Of End Of Life Education On Stress, Anxiety, And Attitude Of The Healthcare Profession Student, Chiquesha Davis

DNP Final Reports

Providing comfort and support to the dying patient is a significant part of the dying process. When soothing a patient, who is dying, the goal is to prevent or relieve suffering as much as possible. Respecting the patient's health and quality of life goals and decisions is essential. Healthcare profession students can experience multiple levels of anxiety, stress, and a negative attitude while taking care of the dying patient. The implementation of a successful intervention is at the cornerstone of helping reduce stress, anxiety, and attitude change in healthcare profession students. The application can also have a positive impact on …

Predator Odor Stress On Stress And Metabolic Endocrine, Morgan Block, Katie Wilk

Student Scholars Day Posters

It is known that the brain and gut ‘talk’ to each other, which is important for both physical and mental health as shown by associations between metabolic syndrome and mental illness in humans. Neuropeptides found in both the brain and gut are active in this communication and may mediate links between stress, metabolism, and psychopathology. This study aims to determine whether single exposure to predator odor is able to produce long-term changes in the endocrine system as measured by plasma concentrations of the “stress hormone” corticosterone and “hunger hormone” ghrelin. Male and female mice were exposed to one hour of …

Concordance Between Health Administrative Data And Survey-Derived Diagnoses For Mood And Anxiety Disorders, J. Edwards, A. Thind, S. Stranges, M. Chiu, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Objective: To assess whether estimates of survey structured interview diagnoses of mood and anxiety disorders were concordant with diagnoses of these disorders obtained from health administrative data.

Methods: All Ontario respondents to the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH) were linked to health administrative databases at ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences). Survey structured interview diagnoses were compared with health administrative data diagnoses obtained using a standardized algorithm. We used modified Poisson regression analyses to assess whether socio-demographic factors were associated with concordance between the two measures.

Results: Of the 4157 Ontarians included in our …

Breast Cancer Risk, Worry, And Anxiety: Effect On Patient Perceptions Of False-Positive Screening Results, Janie M. Lee, Kathryn P. Lowry, Jessica E. Cott Chubiz, J. Shannon Swan, Tina Motazedi, Elkan F. Halpern, Anna N. A. Tosteson, G. Scott Gazelle, Karen Donelan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The impact of mammography screening recall on quality-of-life (QOL) has been studied in women at average risk for breast cancer, but it is unknown whether these effects differ by breast cancer risk level. We used a vignette-based survey to evaluate how women across the spectrum of breast cancer risk perceive the experience of screening recall.

METHODS: Women participating in mammography or breast MRI screening were recruited to complete a vignette-based survey. Using a numerical rating scale (0-100), women rated QOL for hypothetical scenarios of screening recall, both before and after benign results were known. Lifetime breast cancer risk was …

Frequency Of Depression And Anxiety Among Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Visiting A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Muhammad Rizwan Rafique, Sadia Masood, Sana Tanzil, Saadia Tabassum, Shaheen Naveed

Section of Internal Medicine

Objective: To determine the frequency of anxiety and depression among chronic spontaneous urticarial patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from February to August 2015, and comprised patients diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria at the dermatology clinic. All the participants were assessed for anxiety and depression using Aga Khan University-Anxiety Depression Scale. Data was collected in face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The association of the condition with different characteristics were calculated after stratification for age, gender, occupation and monthly income. SPSS 19 was used for …

Ethnic Disparity And Exposure To Supplements Rather Than Adverse Childhood Experiences Linked To Preterm Birth In Pakistani Women, Kiran Shaikh, Shahirose Sadrudin Premjib, Sharifa Bashir Lalani, Ntonghanwah Forcheh, Aliyah Dosanic, Ilona S. Yim, Pauline Samia, Christopher Naugler, Nicole Letourneau, The Maternal Infant Global Health Team (Might) Collaborators In Research

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with prenatal mental health and negative pregnancy outcomes in high income countries, but whether the same association exists in Pakistan, a low- to middle-income (LMI) country, remains unclear.

Methods: Secondary data analyses of a prospective longitudinal cohort study examining biopsychosocial measures of 300 pregnant women at four sites in Karachi, Pakistan. A predictive multiple logistic regression model for preterm birth (PTB; i.e., <37 weeks’ gestation) was developed from variables significantly (P < 0.05) or marginally (P < 0.10) associated with PTB in the bivariate analyses.

Results: Of the 300 women, 263 (88%) returned for delivery and were included in the current analyses. The PTB rate was 11.1%. We found no association between ACE and PTB. Mother's …