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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental Health Problems Of The Youngest Generation Of American Veterans (Problemy Zdrowia Psychicznego Najmłodszego Pokolenia Weteranów Amerykańskich), Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk
Mental Health Problems Of The Youngest Generation Of American Veterans (Problemy Zdrowia Psychicznego Najmłodszego Pokolenia Weteranów Amerykańskich), Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk
Faculty Scholarship
Wartime activities determine the threats to a soldier’s life and health. To prepare soldiers for a new forms of warfare, one should know the challenges the soldier faces in the midst of battle and after returning home. From 2001 to 2015, 1.2 million American soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan used the health care services of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs. An analysis of the resulting medical interventions makes possible a long term evaluation of the effects of war, some of which appear only after the soldier returns to civilian life. This study analyzes the research on the mental health …
Education, Not Restriction, Is Key To Reducing Harm From Offshore Gambling, Sally Gainsbury, Alex Blaszczynski, Brett Abarbanel
Education, Not Restriction, Is Key To Reducing Harm From Offshore Gambling, Sally Gainsbury, Alex Blaszczynski, Brett Abarbanel
College of Hospitality Faculty Research
Australian internet gambling policies have been refined and prohibitions on illegal gambling sites clarified in recent years. These offshore sites not only pose potential harm to consumers in the form of fraudulent and deceptive dealings, but also have long-term consequences through reducing the tax dollars generated by the licensed market. Our research takes a closer look at why gamblers use offshore sites, and the implications of this for policymaking.
Improving Access To Collegiate Substance Use Prevention Resources, Sarah Danko
Improving Access To Collegiate Substance Use Prevention Resources, Sarah Danko
Senior Honors Projects
The incidence of substance use has been increasing at an alarming rate and declared a public health epidemic. Certain subpopulations, including the collegiate population, are at an increased risk for developing a substance use disorder. According to The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 22.9% of college students meet the criteria for a substance use disorder. This rate is markedly high compared to the rate amongst the general public of 8.5%. A number of factors predispose college students to alcohol and substance use disorders. These factors include increased freedom, social pressures, and high-demand academic workload. Despite the scope of …
Maine Health Access Foundation Addiction Care Program: Interim Evaluation Report, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Katie Rosingana Ba, Frances Jimenez Ba, Rachel M. Gallo Mph, Mark Richards Bs
Maine Health Access Foundation Addiction Care Program: Interim Evaluation Report, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Katie Rosingana Ba, Frances Jimenez Ba, Rachel M. Gallo Mph, Mark Richards Bs
Substance Use Research & Evaluation
No abstract provided.
Verbal Memory Performance And Reduced Cortical Thickness Of Brain Regions Along The Uncinate Fasciculus In Young Adult Cannabis Users, Nina Levar, Alan N. Francis, Matthew J. Smith, Wilson C. Ho, Jodi M. Gilman
Verbal Memory Performance And Reduced Cortical Thickness Of Brain Regions Along The Uncinate Fasciculus In Young Adult Cannabis Users, Nina Levar, Alan N. Francis, Matthew J. Smith, Wilson C. Ho, Jodi M. Gilman
School of Medicine Publications and Presentations
Introduction: Memory impairment is one of the most commonly reported effects of cannabis use, especially among those who initiate use earlier, perhaps due to the effects of delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the brain. Studies have increasingly investigated whether cannabis use is associated with impairments in verbal memory, and with alterations in brain structures underlying verbal memory. The uncinate fasciculus (UF), a long-range white matter tract, connects regions with densely localized CB1 receptors that are important in verbal memory. This study investigated the impact of cannabis use on UF structures and its association with memory performance in young …
The Winding Road To Relapse: Forging A New Understanding Of Cue-Induced Reinstatement Models And Their Associated Neural Mechanisms, Mark D. Namba, Seven E. Tomek, M. Foster Olive, Joshua S. Beckmann, Cassandra D. Gipson
The Winding Road To Relapse: Forging A New Understanding Of Cue-Induced Reinstatement Models And Their Associated Neural Mechanisms, Mark D. Namba, Seven E. Tomek, M. Foster Olive, Joshua S. Beckmann, Cassandra D. Gipson
Psychology Faculty Publications
In drug addiction, cues previously associated with drug use can produce craving and frequently trigger the resumption of drug taking in individuals vulnerable to relapse. Environmental stimuli associated with drugs or natural reinforcers can become reliably conditioned to increase behavior that was previously reinforced. In preclinical models of addiction, these cues enhance both drug self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking. In this review, we will dissociate the roles of conditioned stimuli as reinforcers from their modulatory or discriminative functions in producing drug-seeking behavior. As well, we will examine possible differences in neurobiological encoding underlying these functional differences. Specifically, we will …
Demographic Trends In Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse And Treatment-Seeking For Addiction, Megan C. Smith
Demographic Trends In Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse And Treatment-Seeking For Addiction, Megan C. Smith
Master of Public Health Program Student Publications
Opioid addiction in the United Sates has reached epidemic proportions in recent years, demanding targeted efforts in both clinical medicine and public health. This analysis outlined a demographic profile of recent prescription pain reliever (PPR) misusers and compared those characteristics to the population of individuals currently enrolled in addiction treatment. To explain the difference in numbers between these two populations, reported reasons for non-treatment seeking are analyzed by demographic characteristic. This discussion reviews existing literature profiling PPR misusers and treatment-seekers, as well as research exploring barriers to addiction treatment. A secondary analysis was performed using data from the National Survey …
The Lived Experiences Of Opioid Withdrawal: A Phenomenological Study, Eliza Mall
The Lived Experiences Of Opioid Withdrawal: A Phenomenological Study, Eliza Mall
DNP Research Projects
The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic resulting to 40,000 accidental drug overdose deaths. In 2016, the number of deaths related to opioid overdose increased to 116 people per day resulting to $504 billion in economic costs. This research study explored the lived experiences of drug addicts having experienced opioid withdrawal symptoms. Phenomenology is useful in discovering the narrative lived experiences that cannot be obtained in quantitative approach. Six themes emerged to describe the lived experiences of opioid addicts who have undergone withdrawal: (a) Increasing desires that are hard to resist (b) Helplessness and hopelessness …
Is Counseling Integral To Buprenorphine-Assisted Opioid Addiction Treatment? Examining Counseling Participation And Treatment Retention At A Richmond, Virginia Clinic, John R. Gyourko, Hilary Colin King
Is Counseling Integral To Buprenorphine-Assisted Opioid Addiction Treatment? Examining Counseling Participation And Treatment Retention At A Richmond, Virginia Clinic, John R. Gyourko, Hilary Colin King
Social Work Student Works
Treatment providers in Virginia are required by law to offer counseling or referrals to all clients receiving medication-assisted opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment (American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2016; Medical Society of Virginia, 2018). Prescribing physicians widely regard counseling as a critical component of medication-assisted OUD treatment (Lin, Lofwall, Walsh, & Knudsen, 2019), and clients perceive counseling to be among the most important factors promoting recovery from opioid dependence (Hay, Huhn, Tompkins, & Dunn, 2019). Research investigating the efficacy of counseling as an OUD treatment component, however, has been equivocal to date (Brown, 2018; Dugosh et al., 2016). The current …
Grantee Organization Spotlight: Tri-County Mental Health Services. Mehaf's Addition Care Program, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Katie Rosingana Ba, Rachel M. Gallo Mph
Grantee Organization Spotlight: Tri-County Mental Health Services. Mehaf's Addition Care Program, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Katie Rosingana Ba, Rachel M. Gallo Mph
Substance Use Research & Evaluation
No abstract provided.
Smokers And Ex-Smokers Have Shared Differences In The Neural Substrates For Potential Monetary Gains And Losses, Liam Nestor, Ella Mccabe, Jennifer Jones, Luke Clancy, Hugh Garavan
Smokers And Ex-Smokers Have Shared Differences In The Neural Substrates For Potential Monetary Gains And Losses, Liam Nestor, Ella Mccabe, Jennifer Jones, Luke Clancy, Hugh Garavan
Articles
Despite an increased understanding of nicotine addiction, there is a scarcity of research comparing the neural correlates of non-drug reward between smokers and ex-smokers. Long-term changes in reward-related brain functioning for non-drug incentives may elucidate patterns of functioning that potentially contribute to ongoing smoking behaviour in current smokers. Similarly, examining the effects of previous chronic nicotine exposure during a period of extended abstinence may reveal whether there are neural correlates responsible for non-drug reward processing that are different from current smokers.
Screening Adults With Substance Use Disorder For Adverse Childhood Experiences, Teri Murtha
Screening Adults With Substance Use Disorder For Adverse Childhood Experiences, Teri Murtha
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects
Background and purpose-Exposure to adverse childhood experiences results in increased morbidity and mortality among individuals with substance use disorders. Screening for histories of childhood trauma, and integration of trauma-informed care is lacking among health care practitioners. Integrating screening for histories of childhood abuse in person’s seeking treatment for substance abuse disorders can facilitate identification of individuals interested in additional support and resources to support their recovery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of a screening interview protocol for ACEs and to determine the presence of ACEs among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) …
A Brief Summary And Critique Of Criminal Liability Rules For Intoxicated Conduct, Paul H. Robinson
A Brief Summary And Critique Of Criminal Liability Rules For Intoxicated Conduct, Paul H. Robinson
All Faculty Scholarship
This essay provides an overview of the legal issues relating to intoxication, including the effect of voluntary intoxication in imputing to an offender a required offense culpable state of mind that he may not actually have had at the time of the offense; the effect of involuntary intoxication in providing a defense by negating a required offense culpability element or by satisfying the conditions of a general excuse; the legal effect of alcoholism or addiction in rendering intoxication involuntary; and the limitation on using alcoholism or addiction in this way if the offender can be judged to be reasonably responsible …