Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Transfusion Medicine Illustrated: Transfusion Interference By Cold Agglutinins., Melissa R. George, Jay Herman

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

A Study On The Geophylogeny Of Clinical And Environmental Vibrio Cholerae In Kenya, J. Kiiru, A. Mutreja, A. A. Mohamed, R. W. Kimani, J. Mwituria, R. O. Sanaya, J. Muyodi, Gunturu Revathi, J. Parkhill, N. Thomson, G. Dougan, S. Kariuki

Pathology, East Africa

Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in many sub-Saharan countries including Kenya. We have performed a combination of phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis based on whole genome DNA sequences derived from 40 environmental and 57 clinical V. cholerae from different regions of Kenya isolated between 2005 and 2010. Some environmental and all clinical isolates mapped back onto wave three of the monophyletic seventh pandemic V. cholerae El Tor phylogeny but other environmental isolates were phylogenetically very distinct. Thus, the genomes of the Kenyan V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates are clonally related to other El Tor V. cholerae isolated elsewhere …

Sessile Serrated Adenomas In The Proximal Colon Are Likely To Be Flat, Large And Occur In Smokers, Tarun Rustagi, Priya Rangasamy, Matthew Myers, Melinda Sanders, Haleh Vaziri, George Y. Wu, John W. Birk, Petr Protiva, Joseph C. Anderson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Aim: To examine the epidemiology and the morphology of the proximal sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to identify patients with SSAs using a university-based hospital pathology database query from January 2007 to April 2011. Data collected included: age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, family history of colorectal cancer, aspirin, and statin use. We collected data on morphology of SSAs including site (proximal or distal), size, and endoscopic appearance (flat or protuberant). We also compared proximal SSAs to proximal tubular adenomas detected during same time period.

A Dysfunctional Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enhances Fitness Of Staphylococcus Epidermidis During Β-Lactam Stress., Vinai Chittezham Thomas, Lauren C. Kinkead, Ashley Janssen, Carolyn R. Schaeffer, Keith M. Woods, Jill K. Lindgren, Jonathan M. Peaster, Sujata S. Chaudhari, Marat Sadykov, Joselyn Jones, Sameh M. Mohamadi Abdelghani, Matthew C. Zimmerman, Kenneth W. Bayles, Greg A. Somerville, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

A recent controversial hypothesis suggested that the bactericidal action of antibiotics is due to the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), a process requiring the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle). To test this hypothesis, we assessed the ability of oxacillin to induce ROS production and cell death in Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 1457 and an isogenic citric acid cycle mutant. Our results confirm a contributory role for TCA-dependent ROS in enhancing susceptibility of S. epidermidis toward β-lactam antibiotics and also revealed a propensity for clinical isolates to accumulate TCA cycle dysfunctions presumably as a way to tolerate these …

Hippocampal Sclerosis Of Aging, A Prevalent And High-Morbidity Brain Disease, Peter T. Nelson, Charles D. Smith, Erin L. Abner, Bernard J. Wilfred, Wang-Xia Wang, Janna H. Neltner, Michael Baker, David W. Fardo, Richard J. Kryscio, Stephen W. Scheff, Gregory A. Jicha, Kurt A. Jellinger, Linda J. Van Eldik, Frederick A. Schmitt

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging) is a causative factor in a large proportion of elderly dementia cases. The current definition of HS-Aging rests on pathologic criteria: neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampal formation that is out of proportion to AD-type pathology. HS-Aging is also strongly associated with TDP-43 pathology. HS-Aging pathology appears to be most prevalent in the oldest-old: autopsy series indicate that 5-30 % of nonagenarians have HS-Aging pathology. Among prior studies, differences in study design have contributed to the study-to-study variability in reported disease prevalence. The presence of HS-Aging pathology correlates with significant cognitive impairment which is …

A Genetic Resource For Rapid And Comprehensive Phenotype Screening Of Nonessential Staphylococcus Aureus Genes., Paul D. Fey, Jennifer L. Endres, Vijaya Kumar Yajjala, Todd J. Widhelm, Robert J. Boissy, Jeffrey L. Bose, Kenneth W. Bayles

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

UNLABELLED: To enhance the research capabilities of investigators interested in Staphylococcus aureus, the Nebraska Center for Staphylococcal Research (CSR) has generated a sequence-defined transposon mutant library consisting of 1,952 strains, each containing a single mutation within a nonessential gene of the epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) isolate USA300. To demonstrate the utility of this library for large-scale screening of phenotypic alterations, we spotted the library on indicator plates to assess hemolytic potential, protease production, pigmentation, and mannitol utilization. As expected, we identified many genes known to function in these processes, thus validating the utility of this approach. Importantly, we …

An Exploratory Study Of User-Centered Indexing Of Published Biomedical Images, Sujin Kim

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

User-centered image indexing—often reported in research on collaborative tagging, social classification, folksonomy, or personal tagging—has received a considerable amount of attention [1-7]. The general themes in more recent studies on this topic include user-centered tagging behavior by types of images, pros and cons of user-created tags as compared to controlled index terms; assessment of the value added by user-generated tags, and comparison of automatic indexing versus human indexing in the context of web digital image collections such as Flickr. For instance, Golbeck's finding restates the importance of indexer experience, order, and type of images [8]. Rorissa has found a significant …