Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Joint Effect Of Multiple Common Snps Predicts Melanoma Susceptibility, Shenying Fang, Jiali Han, Mingfeng Zhang, Li-E Wang, Qingyi Wei, Christopher I. Amos, Jeffrey E. Lee

Dartmouth Scholarship

Single genetic variants discovered so far have been only weakly associated with melanoma. This study aims to use multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) jointly to obtain a larger genetic effect and to improve the predictive value of a conventional phenotypic model. We analyzed 11 SNPs that were associated with melanoma risk in previous studies and were genotyped in MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) and Harvard Medical School investigations. Participants with ≥15 risk alleles were 5-fold more likely to have melanoma compared to those carrying ≤6. Compared to a model using the most significant single variant rs12913832, the increase in predictive …

Periprosthetic Joint Infection Increases The Risk Of One-Year Mortality., Benjamin Zmistowski, Joseph A. Karam, M.D., Joel B Durinka, David S Casper, Md, Javad Parvizi Md

Rothman Institute Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection continues to potentially complicate an otherwise successful joint replacement. The treatment of this infection often requires multiple surgical procedures associated with increased complications and morbidity. This study examined the relationship between periprosthetic joint infection and mortality and aimed to determine the effect of periprosthetic joint infection on mortality and any predictors of mortality in patients with periprosthetic joint infection.

METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-six patients with at least one surgical intervention secondary to confirmed periprosthetic joint infection were compared with 2342 patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for aseptic failure. The incidence of mortality at thirty days, ninety …

Primary Care And Youth Mental Health In Ireland: Qualitative Study In Deprived Urban Areas, Dorothy Leahy, Elisabeth Schaffalitzky, Claire Armstrong, Gerard Bury, Paula Cussen-Murphy, Rachel Davis, Barbara Dooley, Blanaid Gavin, Rory Keane, Eamon Keenan, Linda Latham, David Meagher, Pat Mcgorry, Fiona Mcnicholas, Ray O'Connor, Ellen O'Dea, Veronica O'Keane, Tom P. O'Toole, Edel Reilly, Patrick Ryan, Lena Sanci, Bobby P. Smyth, Walter Cullen

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders account for six of the 20 leading causes of disability worldwide with a very high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in youth aged 15-24 years. However, healthcare professionals are faced with many challenges in the identification and treatment of mental and substance use disorders in young people (e.g. young people's unwillingness to seek help from healthcare professionals, lack of training, limited resources etc.) The challenge of youth mental health for primary care is especially evident in urban deprived areas, where rates of and risk factors for mental health problems are especially common. There is an emerging consensus that …

Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Effects On Flow-Mediated Dilation (Tinsal-Fmd)., Allison B Goldfine, J Stewart Buck, Cyrus Desouza, Vivian Fonseca, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Steven E Shoelson, Kathleen A. Jablonski, Mark A Creager, The Tinsal-Fmd Team

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE: To test whether inhibiting inflammation with salsalate improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an ancillary study to the National Institutes of Health-sponsored, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of salsalate in targeting inflammation to improve glycemia in patients with T2D. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) of the brachial artery were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months following randomization to either salsalate 3.5 g/day or placebo. The primary end point was change in FMD at 6 months.

RESULTS: A total …

Association Between In Utero Arsenic Exposure, Placental Gene Expression, And Infant Birth Weight: A Us Birth Cohort Study, Dennis Liang Fei, Devin C. Koestler, Zhigang Li, Camilla Giambelli, Avencia Sanchez-Mejias, Julie Gosse, Carmen J. Marsit, Margaret R. Karagas, David J. Robbins

Dartmouth Scholarship

Epidemiologic studies and animal models suggest that in utero arsenic exposure affects fetal health, with a negative association between maternal arsenic ingestion and infant birth weight often observed. However, the molecular mechanisms for this association remain elusive. In the present study, we aimed to increase our understanding of the impact of low-dose arsenic exposure on fetal health by identifying possible arsenic-associated fetal tissue biomarkers in a cohort of pregnant women exposed to arsenic at low levels.

Methods: Arsenic concentrations were determined from the urine samples of a cohort of 133 pregnant women from New Hampshire. Placental tissue samples collected from …

Diagnosis And Acute Management Of Patients With Concussion At Children's Hospitals., Jeffrey D. Colvin, Cary Thurm, Brian M. Pate, Jason G. Newland, Matt Hall, William P. Meehan Iii

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Objectives: To describe the number of hospital admissions for concussion at paediatric hospitals in the USA. To describe the use of imaging and medications for acute concussion paediatric patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Children's hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System in the USA during a 10-year period.

Patients: All emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions with the primary diagnosis of concussion, defined as International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for: (1) concussion, (2) postconcussion syndrome or (3) skull fracture without mention of intracranial injury with concussion.

Main outcome measures: The proportion of concussion patients …

Multicenter Study Of Pectus Excavatum, Final Report: Complications, Static/Exercise Pulmonary Function, And Anatomic Outcomes., Robert E. Kelly, Robert B. Mellins, Robert C. Shamberger, Karen K. Mitchell, M Louise Lawson, Keith T. Oldham, Richard G. Azizkhan, Andre V. Hebra, Donald Nuss, Michael J. Goretsky, Ronald J. Sharp, George W. Holcomb, Walton K T Shim, Stephen M. Megison, R Lawrence Moss, Annie H. Fecteau, Paul M. Colombani, Dan Cooper, Traci Bagley, Amy Quinn, Alan B. Moskowitz, James F. Paulson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: A multicenter study of pectus excavatum was described previously. This report presents our final results.

STUDY DESIGN: Patients treated surgically at 11 centers were followed prospectively. Each underwent a preoperative evaluation with CT scan, pulmonary function tests, and body image survey. Data were collected about associated conditions, complications, and perioperative pain. One year after treatment, patients underwent repeat chest CT scan, pulmonary function tests, and body image survey. A subset of 50 underwent exercise pulmonary function testing.

RESULTS: Of 327 patients, 284 underwent Nuss procedure and 43 underwent open procedure without mortality. Of 182 patients with complete follow-up (56%), …

Patients’ Attitudes Towards Patient Involvement In Safety Interventions: Results Of Two Exploratory Studies, Rachel Davis, Nick Sevdalis, Anna Pinto, Ara Darzi, Charles A. Vincent

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: In recent years, patient-focused interventions have been introduced aimed at increasing patient involvement in safety-related behaviours. However, patients' attitudes towards these interventions and comfort in participating in the recommended behaviours remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients' attitudes towards a video and leaflet aimed at encouraging patient involvement in safety-related behaviours. DESIGN: Two exploratory studies employing a within-subjects mixed-methods design. SETTING: Six hospital wards on an inner-city London teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Medical and surgical inpatients: 80 patients in study 1 (mean age 55; 69% men) and 80 patients in study 2 (mean age 52; 60% men). INTERVENTION: Patients watched …

Dopaminergic Modulation Of Memory And Affective Processing In Parkinson Depression, Lee X. Blonder, John T. Slevin, Richard J. Kryscio, Catherine A. Martin, Anders H. Andersen, Charles D Smith, Frederick A. Schmitt

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center Faculty Publications

Depression is common in Parkinson's disease and is associated with cognitive impairment. Dopaminergic medications are effective in treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease; however, little is known regarding the effects of dopaminergic pharmacotherapy on cognitive function in depressed Parkinson patients. This study examines the neuropsychological effects of dopaminergic pharmacotherapy in Parkinsonian depression. We compared cognitive function in depressed and non-depressed Parkinson patients at two time-points: following overnight withdrawal and after the usual morning regimen of dopaminergic medications. A total of 28 non-demented, right-handed patients with mild to moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease participated. Ten of these patients were depressed according …

Occupational Injuries On Thoroughbred Horse Farms: A Description Of Latino And Non-Latino Workers' Experiences, Jennifer E. Swanberg, Jessica M. Clouser, Susan C. Westneat, Mary W. Marsh, Deborah B. Reed

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

Animal production is a dangerous industry and increasingly reliant on a Latino workforce. Within animal production, little is known about the risks or the occupational hazards of working on farms involved in various aspects of thoroughbred horse breeding. Extant research suggests that horse workers are at risk of musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms, kicks, and other injuries. However, limited known research has examined the experiences of the industry's workers, including immigrant workers, despite their prominence and increased vulnerability. Using data collected from thoroughbred farm representatives via a phone-administered survey, a 2-hour face-to-face semi-structured interview, and farm injury logs, this article identifies …

Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis In A Patient Heterozygous For Factor V Leiden And G20210a Prothrombin Genotypes., Paras Karmacharya, Madan Raj Aryal, Anthony A. Donato

Reading Hospital Internal Medicine Residency

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare but life threatening form of bowel ischemia. It is implicated in 6%-9% of all cases of acute mesenteric ischemia. The proportion of patients with primary (or idiopathic) MVT varies from 0% to 49%, with a decrease in frequency secondary to more recent availability of newer investigations for hypercoagulability. The presence of factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A mutations (PGM) have been well documented in these cases. However, there have been scarce case reports describing MVT in heterozygotes of both these mutations occurring simultaneously and its implications on long term management. Our case …

Findings From The Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Registry Of Uruguay, Asadur Tchekmedyian, Christopher I. Amos, Sherri J. Bale, Dakai Zhu, Stefan Arold, Joaquin Berrueta, Natalie Nabon, Thomas Mcgarrity

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is characterized by intestinal polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation and an increased cancer risk, usually caused by mutations of the STK11 gene. This study collected epidemiological, clinical and genetic data from all Uruguayan PJS patients. Methods: Clinical data were obtained from public and private medical centers and updated annually. Sequencing of the STK11 gene in one member of each family was performed. Results and discussion: 25 cases in 11 unrelated families were registered (15 males, 10 females). The average age of diagnosis and death was 18 and 41 years respectively. All patients had characteristic PJS pigmentation and gastrointestinal …

Diet And Toenail Arsenic Concentrations In A New Hampshire Population With Arsenic-Containing Water, Kathryn L. Cottingham, Roxanne Karimi, Joann F. Gruber, M Scot Zens, Vicki Sayarath, Carol L. Folt, Tracy Punshon, J. Steven Morris, Margaret R. Karagas

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Limited data exist on the contribution of dietary sources of arsenic to an individual's total exposure, particularly in populations with exposure via drinking water. Here, the association between diet and toenail arsenic concentrations (a long-term biomarker of exposure) was evaluated for individuals with measured household tap water arsenic. Foods known to be high in arsenic, including rice and seafood, were of particular interest.

Methods: Associations between toenail arsenic and consumption of 120 individual diet items were quantified using general linear models that also accounted for household tap water arsenic and potentially confounding factors (e.g., age, caloric intake, sex, smoking) …

Evidence For Finely-Regulated Asynchronous Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii Cysts Based On Data-Driven Model Selection, Adam M. Sullivan, Xiaopeng Zhao, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Eri Ochiai, Stephen Crutcher, Michael A. Gilchrist

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Toxoplasma gondii establishes a chronic infection by forming cysts preferentially in the brain. This chronic infection is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and can be reactivated to develop life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Host-pathogen interactions during the chronic infection include growth of the cysts and their removal by both natural rupture and elimination by the immune system. Analyzing these interactions is important for understanding the pathogenesis of this common infection. We developed a differential equation framework of cyst growth and employed Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) to determine the growth and removal functions that best describe …

Interictal Neurocognitive Processing Of Visual Stimuli In Migraine: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Marla J. S Mickleborough, Christine M. Chapman, Andreea Simina Toma, Jeremy H. M Chan, Grace Truong, Todd C. Handy

Dartmouth Scholarship

Research has established decreased sensory habituation as a defining feature in migraine, while decreased cognitive habituation has only been found with regard to cognitive assessment of the relative probability of the occurrence of a stimulus event. Our study extended the investigation of interictal habituation in migraine to include cognitive processing when viewing of a series of visually-complex images, similar to those we encounter on the internet everyday. We examined interictal neurocognitive function in migraine from a habituation perspective, using a novel paradigm designed to assess how the response to a series of images changes over time. Two groups of participants--migraineurs …

Creating A Gold Medal Olympic And Paralympics Health Care Team: A Satisfaction Survey Of The Mobile Medical Unit/Polyclinic Team Training For The Vancouver 2010 Winter Games, D Ross Brown, Behrouz Heidary, Nathaniel Bell, Leanne Appleton, Richard K. Simons, David C. Evans, S Morad Hameed, Jack Taunton, Kosar Khwaja, Michael O'Connor, Naisan Garraway, Peter Hennecke, Donna Kuipers, Tracey Taulu, Lori Quinn

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

The mobile medical unit/polyclinic (MMU/PC) was an essential part of the medical services to support ill or injured Olympic or Paralympics family during the 2010 Olympic and Paralympics winter games. The objective of this study was to survey the satisfaction of the clinical staff that completed the training programs prior to deployment to the MMU.

METHODS:

Medical personnel who participated in at least one of the four training programs, including (1) week-end sessions; (2) web-based modules; (3) just-in-time training; and (4) daily simulation exercises were invited to participate in a web-based survey and comment on their level of satisfaction …

Two Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials Of Fampridine-Sr For Treatment Of Spasticity In Chronic Spinal Cord Injury., D. D. Cardenas, J. F. Ditunno, V. Graziani, A. B. Mclain, D. P. Lammertse, P. J. Potter, M. S. Alexander, R. Cohen, A. R. Blight

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty Papers

STUDY DESIGN: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fampridine sustained-release tablets (fampridine-SR) 25 mg twice daily for moderate-to-severe spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

SETTING: United States and Canada.

METHODS: Patients with incomplete chronic SCI were randomized to twice daily fampridine-SR 25 mg or placebo, with a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in, a 2-week titration, 12 weeks of stable dosing, 2 weeks of downward titration and 2 weeks of untreated follow-up. Co-primary end points were the change from baseline, averaged over the double-blind treatment period, for Ashworth score (bilateral knee flexors …

One, Two And Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Measurements Of Carotid Atherosclerosis Before And After Cardiac Rehabilitation: Preliminary Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial., Tamas J Lindenmaier, Daniel N Buchanan, Damien Pike, Tim Hartley, Robert D Reid, J David Spence, Richard Chan, Michael Sharma, Peter L Prior, Neville Suskin, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

BACKGROUND: It is still not known how patients who are post-transient ischemic attack (TIA) or post-stroke might benefit from prospectively planned comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR). In this pilot evaluation of a larger ongoing randomized-controlled-trial, we evaluated ultrasound (US) measurements of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects following TIA or mild non-disabling stroke and their relationship with risk factors before and after 6-months of CCR.

METHODS: Carotid ultrasound (US) measurements of one-dimensional intima-media-thickness (IMT), two-dimensional total-plaque-area (TPA), three-dimensional total-plaque-volume (TPV) and vessel-wall-volume (VWV) were acquired before and after 6-months CCR for 39 subjects who had previously experienced a TIA and provided written informed …

Household Wealth And Neurocognitive Development Disparities Among School-Aged Children In Nepal., Shivani A Patel, Laura E Murray-Kolb, Steven C Leclerq, Subarna K Khatry, James M. Tielsch, Joanne Katz, Parul Christian

Global Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Wealth disparities in child developmental outcomes are well documented in developed countries. We sought to (1) describe the extent of wealth-based neurocognitive development disparities and (2) examine potential mediating factors of disparities among a population-based cohort of children in rural Nepal.

METHODS: We investigated household wealth-based differences in intellectual, executive and motor function of n = 1692 children aged between 7 and 9 years in Nepal. Using linear mixed models, wealth-based differences were estimated before and after controlling for child and household demographic characteristics. We further examined wealth-based differences adjusted for three sets of mediators: child nutritional status, home …

Neuropathy, Neuropathic Pain, And Sickle Cell Disease., Samir K. Ballas, Deepika S Darbari

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

No abstract provided.

Clinical Phenotypes And Abcc6 Gene Mutations In Brazilian Families With Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum., Caroline Silvério Faria, Qiaoli Li, Haitao Guo, Jouni Uitto, Sylvia Satomi Takeno, Marilia De Arruda Cardoso Smith, Dertia Villalba Freire-Maia

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE; OMIM 264800) manifests with characteristic skin lesions of yellowish papules which coalesce into plaques of inelastic and leathery skin on the predilection sites (1). The ocular findings consist of angioid streaks, choroidal neovascularization and subretinal hemorrhages resulting in loss of visual acuity and occasional blindness. Cardiovascular problems include hypertension, intermittent claudication, and occasional myocardial infarcts and stroke. The prevalence of PXE is estimated to be in the range of 1:50,000-70,000 and to be more frequent in females than in males. The diagnosis can be challenging to clinicians due to late-onset of clinical manifestations and considerable heterogeneity. PXE …

Inverse Lichen Planus, Michael D Lee, Laurel R Schwartz

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

A Case of Inverse Lichen Planus

Lichen planus (LP) is a pruritic, papular eruption characterized by its violaceous color and polygonal shape. It is most commonly found on the flexor surfaces of the upper extremities, on the genitalia, and on the mucous membranes. We herein report a classic case of LP in an inverse distribution.

Multicenter Study Comparing Shunt Type In The Norwood Procedure For Single-Ventricle Lesions: Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Analysis., Gerald R. Marx, Girish S. Shirali, Jami C. Levine, Lin T. Guey, James F. Cnota, Jeanne M. Baffa, William L. Border, Steve Colan, Gregory Ensing, Mark K. Friedberg, David J. Goldberg, Salim F. Idriss, J Blaine John, Wyman W. Lai, Minmin Lu, Shaji C. Menon, Richard G. Ohye, David Saudek, Pierre C. Wong, Gail D. Pearson, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Heart Network's Single Ventricle Reconstruction (SVR) trial randomized infants with single right ventricles (RVs) undergoing a Norwood procedure to a modified Blalock-Taussig or RV-to-pulmonary artery shunt. This report compares RV parameters in the 2 groups using 3-dimensional echocardiography.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Three-dimensional echocardiography studies were obtained at 10 of 15 SVR centers. Of the 549 subjects, 314 underwent 3-dimensional echocardiography studies at 1 to 4 time points (pre-Norwood, post-Norwood, pre-stage II, and 14 months) for a total of 757 3-dimensional echocardiography studies. Of these, 565 (75%) were acceptable for analysis. RV volume, mass, mass:volume ratio, ejection fraction, …

Predictors Of Disease Progression In Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy., Kimberly M. Molina, Peter Shrader, Steven D. Colan, Seema Mital, Renee Margossian, Lynn A. Sleeper, Girish S. Shirali, Piers Barker, Charles E. Canter, Karen Altmann, Elizabeth Radojewski, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney, Jack Rychik, Lloyd Y. Tani, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Despite medical advances, children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain at high risk of death or need for cardiac transplantation. We sought to identify predictors of disease progression in pediatric DCM.

Methods and results: The Pediatric Heart Network evaluated chronic DCM patients with prospective echocardiographic and clinical data collection during an 18-month follow-up. Inclusion criteria were age <22 years and DCM disease duration >2 months. Patients requiring intravenous inotropic/mechanical support or listed status 1A/1B for transplant were excluded. Disease progression was defined as an increase in transplant listing status, hospitalization for heart failure, intravenous inotropes, mechanical support, or death. Predictors of disease progression were identified using …

Phenotypic Parameters Predict Time To Normalization In Infants With Hypogammaglobulinemia., Robert C. Van Winkle, Walter W. Hauck, Stephen J. Mcgeady

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Infants with recurrent infection may be found to have hypogammaglobulinemia without impaired specific antibody responses. Many will be diagnosed with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy.

METHODS: This study used a parametric survival analysis of 100 infants with hypogammaglobulinemia to predict time to normalization.

RESULTS: Aggregate initial immunoglobulins (IgG + IgA + IgM), as a percentage of age-adjusted normal, predicted time to resolution: median time to resolution for the infants in the lowest quartile of aggregate levels (≤81 % of age-adjusted lower limits) was greater than 5 years, with 34 % resolving in 3 years. For infants in the highest quartile …

Cholera Vaccination Campaign Contributes To Improved Knowledge Regarding Cholera And Improved Practice Relevant To Waterborne Disease In Rural Haiti, Omowunmi Aibana, Molly F Franke, Jessica E Teng, Johanne Hilaire, Max Raymond, Louise C Ivers

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Haiti's cholera epidemic has been devastating partly due to underlying weak infrastructure and limited clean water and sanitation. A comprehensive approach to cholera control is crucial, yet some have argued that oral cholera vaccination (OCV) might result in reduced hygiene practice among recipients. We evaluated the impact of an OCV campaign on knowledge and health practice in rural Haiti.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We administered baseline surveys on knowledge and practice relevant to cholera and waterborne disease to every 10th household during a census in rural Haiti in February 2012 (N = 811). An OCV campaign occurred from May-June 2012 after …

Nfkb Disrupts Tissue Polarity In 3d By Preventing Integration Of Microenvironmental Signals, Sabine Becker-Weimann, Gaofeng Xiong, Saori Furuta, Ju Han, Irene Kuhn, Uri-David Akavia, Dana Pe'er, Mina J. Bissell, Ren Xu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The microenvironment of cells controls their phenotype, and thereby the architecture of the emerging multicellular structure or tissue. We have reported more than a dozen microenvironmental factors whose signaling must be integrated in order to effect an organized, functional tissue morphology. However, the factors that prevent integration of signaling pathways that merge form and function are still largely unknown. We have identified nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) as a transcriptional regulator that disrupts important microenvironmental cues necessary for tissue organization. We compared the gene expression of organized and disorganized epithelial cells of the HMT-3522 breast cancer progression series: the non-malignant …

New Oral Anticoagulants Are Not Superior To Warfarin In Secondary Prevention Of Stroke Or Transient Ischemic Attacks, But Lower The Risk Of Intracranial Bleeding: Insights From A Meta-Analysis And Indirect Treatment Comparisons, Partha Sardar, Saurav Chatterjee, Wen-Chih Wu, Edgar Lichstein, Joydeep Ghosh, Shamik Aikat, Debabrata Mukherjee

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and prior stroke are classified as high risk in all risk stratification schemes. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) to warfarin in patients with AF and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

METHODS: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including total 14527 patients, comparing NOACs (apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban) with warfarin were included in the analysis. Primary efficacy endpoint was ischemic stroke, and primary safety endpoint was intracranial bleeding. Random-effects models were used to pool efficacy and safety data across RCTs. RevMan …

Pre-Diagnosis Oophorectomy, Estrogen Therapy And Mortality In A Cohort Of Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer, Hazel B. Nichols, Amy Trentham-Dietz, Polly A. Newcomb, Kathleen M. Egan, Linda J. Titus, John M. Hampton, Kala Visvanathan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Introduction:

Pre-diagnosis oophorectomy and estrogen therapy could impact mortality due to breast cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among breast cancer survivors. Elective bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign conditions is not uncommon among US women.

Methods:

We examined the association between pre-diagnosis total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAHBSO) and both overall and cause-specific mortality in the Collaborative Breast Cancer Studies cohort. Medical history and prior estrogen use were collected during standardized telephone interviews. Vital status, including date and cause of death, was obtained by linkage with the National Death Index. Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% …

The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Agonist G-1 Suppresses Proliferation Of Ovarian Cancer Cells By Blocking Tubulin Polymerization., Cheng Wang, Xiangmin Lv, Chunbo He, G Hua, M-Y Tsai, John S. Davis

Journal Articles: Obstetrics & Gynecology

The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) has recently been reported to mediate the non-genomic action of estrogen in different types of cells and tissues. G-1 (1-[4-(6-bromobenzo[1,3] dioxol-5yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolin-8-yl]-ethanone) was developed as a potent and selective agonist for GPER. G-1 has been shown to induce the expression of genes and activate pathways that facilitate cancer cell proliferation by activating GPER. Here we demonstrate that G-1 has an anticancer potential with a mechanism similar to vinca alkaloids, the commonly used chemotherapy drugs. We found that G-1 blocks tubulin polymerization and thereby interrupts microtubule assembly in ovarian cancer cells leading to the arrest of …