Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 4 of 4
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Referent Selection Strategies In Case-Crossover Analyses Of Air Pollution Exposure Data: Implications For Bias, Holly Janes, Lianne Sheppard, Thomas Lumley
Referent Selection Strategies In Case-Crossover Analyses Of Air Pollution Exposure Data: Implications For Bias, Holly Janes, Lianne Sheppard, Thomas Lumley
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The case-crossover design has been widely used to study the association between short term air pollution exposure and the risk of an acute adverse health event. The design uses cases only, and, for each individual, compares exposure just prior to the event with exposure at other control, or “referent” times. By making within-subject comparisons, time invariant confounders are controlled by design. Even more important in the air pollution setting is that, by matching referents to the index time, time varying confounders can also be controlled by design. Yet, the referent selection strategy is important for reasons other than control of …
Respiratory Symptoms In Relation To Residential Coal Burning And Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among Early Adolescents In Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study, C. Anderson Johnson, Jiang Xia, Päivi M. Salo, Yan Li, Grace E. Kissling, Edward L. Avol, Chunhong Liu, Stephanie J. London
Respiratory Symptoms In Relation To Residential Coal Burning And Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among Early Adolescents In Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study, C. Anderson Johnson, Jiang Xia, Päivi M. Salo, Yan Li, Grace E. Kissling, Edward L. Avol, Chunhong Liu, Stephanie J. London
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
Background
Cigarette smoking and coal burning are the primary sources of indoor air pollution in Chinese households. However, effects of these exposures on Chinese children's respiratory health are not well characterized.
Methods
Seventh grade students (N = 5051) from 22 randomly selected schools in the greater metropolitan area of Wuhan, China, completed an in-class self-administered questionnaire on their respiratory health and home environment.
Results
Coal burning for cooking and/or heating increased odds of wheezing with colds [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.29] and without colds (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.97). For smoking in the home, …
Seasonal Analyses Of Air Pollution And Mortality In 100 U.S. Cities, Roger D. Peng, Francesca Dominici, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Scott L. Zeger, Jonathan M. Samet
Seasonal Analyses Of Air Pollution And Mortality In 100 U.S. Cities, Roger D. Peng, Francesca Dominici, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Scott L. Zeger, Jonathan M. Samet
Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers
Time series models relating short-term changes in air pollution levels to daily mortality counts typically assume that the effects of air pollution on the log relative rate of mortality do not vary with time. However, these short-term effects might plausibly vary by season. Changes in the sources of air pollution and meteorology can result in changes in characteristics of the air pollution mixture across seasons. The authors develop Bayesian semi-parametric hierarchical models for estimating time-varying effects of pollution on mortality in multi-site time series studies. The methods are applied to the updated National Morbidity and Mortality Air Pollution Study database …
Overlap Bias In The Case-Crossover Design, With Application To Air Pollution Exposures, Holly Janes, Lianne Sheppard, Thomas Lumley
Overlap Bias In The Case-Crossover Design, With Application To Air Pollution Exposures, Holly Janes, Lianne Sheppard, Thomas Lumley
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The case-crossover design uses cases only, and compares exposures just prior to the event times to exposures at comparable control, or “referent” times, in order to assess the effect of short-term exposure on the risk of a rare event. It has commonly been used to study the effect of air pollution on the risk of various adverse health events. Proper selection of referents is crucial, especially with air pollution exposures, which are shared, highly seasonal, and often have a long term time trend. Hence, careful referent selection is important to control for time-varying confounders, and in order to ensure that …