Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

One-Year Postpartum Outcomes Following A Weight Management Intervention In Pregnant Women With Obesity, Kimberly K. Vesco, Michael C. Leo, Njeri Karanja, Matthew W. Gillman, Cindy T. Mcevoy, Janet C. King, Cara L. Eckhardt, K. Sabina Smith, Nancy Perrin, Victor J. Stevens

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective

This analysis was focused on 1-year maternal and infant follow-up of a randomized trial that tested a weight management intervention conducted during pregnancy.

Methods

One hundred fourteen women with obesity (mean BMI 36.7 kg/m²) were randomly assigned at a mean of 15 weeks gestation to a weight management intervention or usual care control condition. The intervention ended at delivery and resulted in less gestational weight gain and a lower proportion of large-for-gestational-age newborns among intervention compared with control participants. The primary outcome at 12 months postpartum was maternal weight. Secondary outcomes included infant weight-for-age and weight-for-length z …

Potentially Traumatic Experiences And Sexual Health Among Orphaned And Separated Adolescents In Five Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Christine L. Gray, Kathryn Whetten, Lynne C. Messer, Rachel A. Whetten, Jan Ostermann, Karen O'Donnell, Nathan M. Thielman, Brian W. Pence

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Orphans and separated children (OSC) are a vulnerable population whose numbers are increasing, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Over 153 million children worldwide have lost one or both parents, including 17 million orphaned by AIDS, and millions more have been separated from their parents. As younger orphans enter adolescence, their sexual health and HIV-related risk behaviors become key considerations for their overall health. Importantly, their high prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) may put OSC at additional risk for adverse sexual health outcomes. The Positive Outcomes for Orphans study followed OSC randomly sampled from institution-based care and …

From Fatalism To Mitigation: A Conceptual Framework For Mitigating Fetal Programming Of Chronic Disease By Maternal Obesity, Janne Boone-Heinonen, Lynne C. Messer, Stephen P. Fortmann, Lawrence Wallack, Kent L. Thornburg

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Prenatal development is recognized as a critical period in the etiology of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Potential strategies to reduce maternal obesity-induced risk later in life have been largely overlooked. In this paper, we first propose a conceptual framework for the role of public health and preventive medicine in mitigating the effects of fetal programming. Second, we review a small but growing body of research (through August 2015) that examines interactive effects of maternal obesity and two public health foci – diet and physical activity – in the offspring. Results of the review support the hypothesis that diet and physical …

Does Mode Of Contact With Different Types Of Social Relationships Predict Depression In Older Adults? Evidence From A Nationally Representative Survey, Alan R. Teo, Hwajung Choi, Sarah B. Andrea, Marica Valenstein, Jason T. Newsom, Steven K. Dobscha, Kara Zivin

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

OBJECTIVES: To determine associations between use of three different modes of social contact (in person, telephone, written or e-mail), contact with different types of people, and risk of depressive symptoms in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults.

DESIGN: Population-based observational cohort.

SETTING: Urban and suburban communities throughout the contiguous United States.

PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 50 and older who participated in the Health and Retirement Survey between 2004 and 2010 (N = 11,065).

MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of participant use of the three modes of social contact with children, other family members, and friends at baseline were used to predict depressive …

The Associations Between Environmental Quality And Preterm Birth In The United States, 2000–2005: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Lynne C. Messer, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Christine L. Gray, Shannon C. Grabich, Danelle T. Lobdell

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Many environmental factors have been independently associated with preterm birth (PTB). However, exposure is not isolated to a single environmental factor, but rather to many positive and negative factors that co-occur. The environmental quality index (EQI), a measure of cumulative environmental exposure across all US counties from 2000—2005, was used to investigate associations between ambient environment and PTB.

Methods: With 2000–2005 birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics for the United States (n = 24,483,348), we estimated the association between increasing quintiles of the EQI and county-level and individual-level PTB; we also considered environmental domain-specific (air, …

Effects Of Particulate Matter And Antioxidant Dietary Intake On Blood Pressure, Amy J. Schulz, J. Tomothy Dvonch, Angela G. Reyes, Betty T. Izumi

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives—We assessed 2 pathways through which dietary antioxidants may counter adverse effects of exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) on blood pressure (BP): main (compensatory) and modifying (protective) models. Methods—We used 2002 to 2003 data from the Detroit Healthy Environments Partnership community survey conducted with a multiethnic sample of adults (n = 347) in low- to moderate-income, predominantly Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan. We used generalized estimating equations to test the effects of ambient exposure to PM2.5 and dietary antioxidant intake on BP, with adjustment for multiple confounders. Results—Dietary antioxidant intake was …

Associations Between Prenatal Exposure To Air Pollution, Small For Gestational Age, And Term Low Birthweight In A State-Wide Birth Cohort, Lisa C. Vinikoor-Imler, J. Allen Davis, Robert E. Meyer, Lynne C. Messer, Thomas J. Luben

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

A range of health effects, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, have been associated with exposure to ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O₃). The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and O₃ during pregnancy is associated with the risk of term low birthweight and small for gestational age infants in both single and co-pollutant models. Term low birthweight and small for gestational age were determined using all birth certificates from North Carolina from 2003 to 2005. Ambient air concentrations of PM_2.5 and O_{3 …}

The “Fit But Fat” Paradigm Addressed Using Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity Data, Paul D. Loprinzi, Ellen Smit, Hyo Lee, Carlos J. Crespo, Ross Andersen, Steven N. Blair

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: No studies have addressed the "fit but fat" paradigm using accelerometry data.

Aim: The study was to determine if 1) higher levels of accelerometer-determined physical activity are favorably associated with biomarkers in overweight or obese persons (objective 1); and 2) overweight or obese individuals who are sufficiently active have better or similar biomarker levels than normal weight persons who are not sufficiently active (objective 2).

Materials and Methods: Data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed and included 5,146 participants aged 20-85 years.

Results: Regarding objective 1, obese active individuals had more favorable waist circumference, …

The Oregon Health System Transformation: Preliminary Report Of Coordinated Care Organizations In The First Year Implementation, Carlos J. Crespo, Ellen Smit

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Because of the US Affordable Care Act, 16% of Oregonians without health insurance will be able to obtain coverage through Coordinated Care Organizations (CCO).

On The Just And Accurate Representation Of Transgender Persons In Research And The Clinic, Alexis Dinno

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transgender people deserve representation in health research and in the clinic. Unfortunately, the existing literature includes very little about the particular health burdens and risks experienced by transgender people, such as institutional or interpersonal anti-transgender discrimination. While several anti-transgender biases are manifest in the published literature, one deserving particular attention by researchers is that transgender individuals seldom have an opportunity to self-identify as such both because sex and gender are typically collapsed into a single question (e.g. ‘Sex: male or female.’), and because change in the individual’s sex or gender is typically not represented. This talk presents the collaborative efforts …

Healthcare Utilization Of Subgroups Of Latinas: Shortfalls In Data Interpretation, Carlos J. Crespo

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Comments on the article, Overall health and healthcare utilization among Latino American women in the United States, by Ai AL, HB Appel, B. Huang and K. Lee in the Journal Women's Health. 2012; 21:878–885.

On The Just And Accurate Representation Of Transgender Persons In Research, Alexis Dinno, Molly C. Franks, Jenn Burleton, Tyler C. Smith

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transgender people deserve representation in population-based research, particularly health research, whether the research is programmatic or academic. Unfortunately, the existing academic literature includes very little about the particular health burdens and risks experienced by transgender people, such as institutional or interpersonal anti-transgender discrimination. While several anti-transgender biases are manifest in the published literature, one deserving particular attention by researcher is that transgender individuals seldom have an opportunity to self-identify as such both because sex and gender are typically collapsed into a single question in interviews and on surveys (e.g. ‘Sex: male or female.’), and because change in the individual’s sex …

Putting Regulatory Data To Work At The Service Of Public Health: Utilizing Data Collected Under The Clean Water Act, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Barbara J. Rosenbaum, Suzanne M. Pierson, Lynne C. Messer, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Elena N. Naumova, Danelle T. Lobdell

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Under the Clean Water Act, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collects information from states on intended use and impairment of each water body. We explore the feasibility of using these data, collected for regulatory purposes, for public health analyses. Combining EPA impairment data and stream hydrology information we estimated the percent of stream length impaired for any use, recreational use, or drinking water use per county in the US as exposure variables. For health outcomes we abstracted county-level hospitalization rates of gastrointestinal infections, GI (ICD-9CM 001-009 excluding 008.45) and gastrointestinal symptoms, GS (ICD-9CM 558.9, 787) among US adults aged …

Increasing The Relevance Of Research To Underserved Communities: Lessons Learned From A Retreat To Engage Community Health Workers With Researchers, Heather Angier, Noelle Wiggins, Jessica Gregg, Rachel Gold, Jennifer E. Devoe

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article presents information on a community retreat developed to seek input from community health workers (CHWs) to increase the relevance of our research to underserved communities in Oregon. Retreats facilitating dialogue between researchers and CHWs could yield important insight to enhance the significance of research for communities.

A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach To Developing The Harvest For Healthy Kids Curriculum, Betty T. Izumi, Amanda M. Peden, Jennifer A. Hallman, Dawn Barberis, Brie Stott, Sandy Nimz, William R. Ries, Angela Capello

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of diet-related chronic diseases. However, fewer than half of children in the United States consume the recommended amount.

Objectives: This article describes the community-based participatory research (CBPR) process used to develop the Harvest for Healthy Kids curriculum.

Methods: Harvest for Healthy Kids is a intervention research project designed to increase access to and intake of fruits and vegetables among preschoolers enrolled in Head Start. The curriculum is composed of eight kits, each focusing on a different fruit or vegetable.

Results: The Harvest for Healthy Kids curriculum was …

The Hispanic Paradox And Older Adults’ Disabilities: Is There A Healthy Migrant Effect?, Esme Fuller Thomson, Amini Nuru-Jeter, Dawn M. Richardson, Ferrah Raza, Meredeth Minkler

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The “Hispanic Paradox” suggests that despite rates of poverty similar to African Americans, Hispanics have far better health and mortality outcomes, more comparable to non-Hispanic White Americans. Three prominent possible explanations for the Hispanic Paradox have emerged. The “Healthy Migrant Effect” suggests a health selection effect due to the demands of migration. The Hispanic lifestyle hypothesis focuses on Hispanics’ strong social ties and better health behaviors. The reverse migration argument suggests that the morbidity profile in the USA is affected when many Hispanic immigrants return to their native countries after developing a serious illness. We analyzed data from respondents aged …

Approximating Confidence Intervals About Discrete Time Survival/Cumulative Incidence Estimates Using The Delta Method, Alexis Dinno, Jong-Sung Kim

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Poster focuses on answering the questions whether and when and event will happen in a population at risk.

Objectively-Measured Physical Activity And C-Reactive Protein: Nhanes 2003–2004, Paul D. Loprinzi, Bradley J. Cardinal, Carlos J. Crespo, Gary R. Brodowicz, Ross Andersen, Edward J. Sullivan, Ellen Smit

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The association between physical activity (PA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) is inconsistent, with nearly all studies using self-report measures of PA. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively-measured PA and CRP in U.S. adults and children. Adults (N=2912) and children (N=1643) with valid accelerometer data and CRP data were included in the analyses. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the odds of meeting physical activity guidelines across CRP quartiles for children and among adults with low, average, and high CRP levels. For adults, after adjustments for age, gender, race, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, …

Breast Cancer Medications And Vision: Effects Of Treatments For Early-Stage Disease, Alvin Eisner, Shiuh-Wen Luoh

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This review concerns the effects on vision and the eye of medications prescribed at three phases of treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer (BC): (1) adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy, (2) adjuvant endocrine therapy, and (3) symptomatic relief. The most common side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy are epiphora and ocular surface irritation, which can be caused by any of several different regimens. Most notably, the taxane docetaxel can lead to epiphora by inducing canalicular stenosis. The selective-estrogen-receptor-modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, long the gold-standard adjuvant-endocrine-therapy for women with hormone-receptor-positive BC, increases the risk of posterior subcapsular cataract. Tamoxifen also affects the optic nerve …

The One-Pager: A Practical Policy Advocacy Tool For Translating Community-Based Participatory Research Into Action, Betty T. Izumi, Amy J. Schulz, Barbara A. Isreal, Angela G. Reyes, Jenifer Martin, Richard L. Lichtenstein, Christine Wilson, Sharon L. Sand

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The multiple and diverse perspectives, skills, and experiences inherent in community–academic partnerships make them uniquely positioned to educate policy makers and advocate for health equity. Effective communication tools are critical to successfully engage in the policy-making process. Yet few resources emphasize the development and use of practical tools for translating community-based participatory research (CBPR) findings into action. The purpose of this article is to describe a CBPR process for developing and using a one-page summary, or “one-pager,” of research findings and their policy implications. This article draws on the experience of the Healthy Environments Partnership (HEP), a community–academic partnership in …

A Pilot Study Of Riders’ Noise Exposure On Bay Area Rapid Transit Trains, Alexis Dinno

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Excessive noise exposure may present a hazard to hearing, cardiovascular and psychosomatic health. Mass transit systems, such as the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, are potential sources of excessive noise. The purpose of this study was to characterize transit noise and riders' exposure to noise on the BART system using three dosimetry metrics.

Adolescent Daily Cigarette Smoking: Is Rural Residency A Risk Factor?, M. Nawal Lutfiyya, K. K. Shah, M. Johnson, R. W. Bales, I. Cha, C. Mcgrath, L. Serpa, Martin S. Lipsky

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: Daily cigarette smoking among US adolescents remains a significant public health problem. Understanding risk is important in order to develop strategies to reduce this type of tobacco use. Purpose: The primary objective of this research was to examine whether rural residency is an independent risk factor for being a daily smoker among adolescents ages 12 to 18 years.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed on a merged 1997- 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System dataset to determine whether rural residence was a significant risk factor for daily cigarette smoking, after adjusting …

Advancing Transdisciplinary And Translational Research Practice: Issues And Models Of Doctoral Education In Public Health, Linda Neuhauser, Dawn M. Richardson, Sonja Mackenzie, Meredith Minkler

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Finding solutions to complex health problems, such as obesity, violence, and climate change, will require radical changes in cross-disciplinary education, research, and practice. The fundamental determinants of health include many interrelated factors such as poverty, culture, education, environment, and government policies. However, traditional public health training has tended to focus more narrowly on diseases and risk factors, and has not adequately leveraged the rich contributions of sociology, anthropology, economics, geography, communication, political science, and other disciplines. Further, students are often not sufficiently trained to work across sectors to translate research findings into effective, large-scale sustainable actions. During the past 2 …

Detecting Overweight Children In Primary Care: Do National Data Reflect The Typical Urban Practice?, Elena Sutu, Carlos J. Crespo, Barbara Shine, Anita Doshi, Teresa Quattrin

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The article presents a study which aims to obtain data about the feasibility of detecting risk for overweight and overweight in infants and young children seen for well-child visits based on pediatricians' standard practice, to compare these estimates with the national data, and to compare the data gathered during well-child visits with data collected during well-child visits with data obtained in preschool children seen for a sick-child visit. It was stated that earlier children started increasing in adiposity, the greater the risk for being obese as adolescents and adults with 40 percent of infants whose weight was above the 95th …

Noise Induced Hearing Loss In Children: Preventing The Silent Epidemic, William Hal Martin, Judith L. Sobel, Susan E. Griest, Linda Howarth, Shi Yongbing

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Noise-induced hearing loss and related tinnitus are often unrecognized problems, especially in non-occupational settings. Research indicates that increasing numbers of children and adolescents have or are acquiring noise induced hearing losses. Noise induced hearing loss can almost completely be prevented with simple precautionary measures. Educational programs rarely exist outside of those mandated in occupational settings. Health Communication theory can be applied to hearing health for developing effective loss prevention programs. Dangerous Decibels is one example of an effective multi-disciplinary effort to develop and disseminated prevention strategies.