Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Epidural Anesthesia For Cesarean Section For Parturient With Recently Diagnosed Asymptomatic Chiari Malformation Type I: A Case Report, Ashie Kapoor, Jon Halling

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Chiari malformations (CMs) are congenital defects of the brain and skull that result in inferior displacement of the cerebellum. There are four types of CMs distinguished by the severity of the anatomic defects and parts of the brain that protrude beyond the foramen magnum. Of these types, CM Type I (CMI) is the least severe. It is characterized by the downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils beyond the foramen magnum by more than 5 millimeters and goes into the cervical spinal canal. CMI is the most common type with an incidence of 0.1-0.5% in the general population and a predominance …

Treating A Public Health Crisis For Rural Moms – A Comparative Analysis Of Four Rural States Addressing Maternal Opioid Misuse With Medicaid Innovation Models, Jason Semprini

Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy

Objective As we enter the third decade of the opioid crisis, opioid misuse continues its devastating toll on young women, specifically mothers on Medicaid in rural areas. The evolving Medicaid policy landscape has led to coverage and benefit expansion, yet gaps remain for pregnant women with opioid misuse. Further, the myriad of state specific policy decisions related to maternal eligibility and substance abuse benefits have created a seemingly disjoint policy arena for tackling a specific subgroup’s unmet needs. This policy scan aims to investigate the newly implemented 1115 demonstration model for Maternal Opioid Misuse by comparing the approaches of four …

Factors Associated With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension In Women Living At High Altitudes, Jenny Mendoza-Vilcahuaman, Rossibel Juana Muñoz- De La Torre, Anibal Valentin Diaz-Lazo

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

Objective: To determine the factors associated with pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension (HIE) in people living at high altitude. Methods: The research was observational, cross-sectional, analytical study of cases and controls. It was held at the El Carmen de Huancayo Regional Teaching Maternal and Child Hospital, Peru located at 3,259 m.a.s.l. The calculation of the sample was Epidat 3.0. 80% power level, with frequency of 27% for cases, 17% for controls, precision of 5% and odds ratio (OR) = 2. X2 squared, binomial and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: 960 (100%) pregnant women were included, with a mean …

Does Exercise Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Pregnant Women? A Clin-Iq, Olivia Lust, Tana Chongsuwat, Elizabeth Lanham, Ann F. Chou, Elizabeth Wickersham

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy has been on the rise globally, leading to increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A diagnosis of GDM often leads to pregnancy and infant-related complications. Regular exercise may have the potential to prevent GDM. However, evidence surrounding the utility of exercise during pregnancy as an effective risk reduction intervention has been mixed. This clinical inquiry examined the role of regular exercise during pregnancy in preventing GDM in both obese and normal-weight women and analyzed specific aspects of exercise that make it an effective preventive measure. The review of evidence included 3 meta-analyses, 3 systematic …

Covid-19 Deliveries: Maternal Features And Neonatal Outcomes, Viviana Zlochiver, Blair Tilkens, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Fatima Aziz, M. Fuad Jan

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Integrated, data-driven criteria are necessary to evaluate delivery outcomes in pregnancies affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed maternal demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and delivery outcomes of 85 ethnically diverse, adult pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of delivery. Median maternal and gestational ages were 27 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 23–31) and 39 weeks (IQR: 37.3–40.0), respectively. Of the 85 SARS-CoV-2–positive participants, 67 (79%) had no COVID-19 symptoms at the time of routine COVID-19 admission testing, 14 (16%) reported mild COVID-19 symptoms, and 4 (5%) presented …

Black And White Health Disparities: Racial Bias In American Healthcare, Yasmeen Almomani

Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections

This paper explores the historical implications of race in American society that have led to implicit racism in the healthcare system. Racial bias in healthcare against Black people is a factor in the health disparities between Black and white people in America, such as the gap in life expectancy, infant death, and maternal mortality. Black people are more likely to report racial discrimination from healthcare providers, which is a reason for the decreased quality of care received. The past justifications of slavery, the Tuskegee syphilis study, and the medical experimentations on Black women are horrifying but were considered acceptable in …

Prevalence Of Female Sexual Dysfunction During Pregnancy, Al Shaimaa E. Eisa, Mohamed A. Gaber

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective This is to evaluate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy in the Delta Region of Egypt using the female sexual function index questionnaire. Background Pregnancy is a physiological process that causes various anatomical and physiological changes in a pregnant woman; such changes may play a part in affecting her sexual behavior and activity. Despite the increasing number of epidemiologic studies, there are no sufficient data in the medical literature regarding the prevalence of sexual dysfunction during pregnancy in Egypt. Patients and methods A cohort study was conducted with 300 healthy pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care at …

Evaluation Of Sleep Quality And Duration In Pregnancy And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Follow-Up Study, Saloumeh Peivandi, Ali Habibi, Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini, Mohammad Khademloo, Mohammad Raisian, Hedieh Pournorouz

BioMedicine

Background and Objectives: Sleep disorders during pregnancy may be linked with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and duration in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and Methods: This prospective follow-up study was performed on 240 pregnant women with a gestational age between 20 to 24 weeks, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari from 2018 to 2019 for prenatal care. The sleep quality of all eligible women were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). During the 26 to 28 weeks of …

Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax During Pregnancy; A Case Report, Andrew J. Weaver, Wai Hau, Mark H. Cooper

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition during pregnancy. We discuss a case of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during a single pregnancy. The pneumothorax occurred twice during the pregnancy, first in the second trimester and again in the third trimester with both times being managed conservatively. Due to the low prevalence of this condition management guidelines are few. We report our management of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy to support the literature and current guidelines.

Determinants Of Postnatal Care Service Utilization In Indonesia: A Secondary Analysis Using The Indonesian Health And Demographics Survey, Haerawati Idris, Willyana Syafriyanti

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The postnatal complication that occurs in the first week after childbirth is one of the causes of maternal death in Indonesia. However, it can be prevented with postnatal care (PNC). This study aims to analyze the determinants of PNC service utilization in Indonesia.

Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional study design and used secondary data from the Indonesian Health and Demographics Survey of 2017. The sample consisted of 14,724 women aged 15–49 years. We assessed the predictors of PNC service utilization using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results: About 78.4% of the respondents utilized PNC services. …

Caesarean Section Versus Vaginal Birth In The Perception Of Woman Who Gave Birth By Both Methods, Octavian Gabriel Olaru, Anca Daniela Stanescu, Cristina Raduta, Liana Ples, Adriana Vasilache, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Andrei Vasilache, Oana Denisa Balalau

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The increase in the number of births by Caesarean section is a phenomenon whose global expansion is generated by numerous factors and especially by the contemporary perceptions of women regarding childbirth meeting the interests of the professionals in the field. However, the opinion of many women towards the benefits of Caesarean delivery is often not based on the experience or information from reliable sources. This study aimed at sharing the experience of women who gave birth both vaginally and by Caesarean section, focusing on their perception of these events. The study included 26 women and the conclusion of the vast …

Periodontitis As A Potential Risk Factor For Premature Delivery, Ana Turcu-Duminică, Anca Silvia Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Corina Gică, Radu Botezatu, Nicolae Gică, Gheorghe Peltecu, Anca Maria Panaitescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Pregnancy is a particular period of time for a woman, so that it is important to accurately determine the impact of adjacent pathologies on the natural evolution of the nine months of pregnancy. Although there is still much to debate on the association between periodontal disease and pregnancy, the conclusion seems to remain the same: untreated periodontal pathology in pregnancy could have adverse consequences such as premature birth or low birth weight fetuses. Periodontopathies are introduced as risk factors, the novelty of the subject being the association between untreated periodontal pathology and the evolution of pregnancy. The affected periodontal tissue …

Illuminating Health Disparities: The Untold Story Of Black Women’S Pregnancies, Kacy Workman

Osmosis Magazine

Recent studies have found that Black women are 3-4 times more likely to die from pregnancy-related complications than White women. Researchers in the 1990s examined data surrounding specific pregnancy complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, finding that although prevalence rates were similar between White and Black women, Black women with these conditions were 2-3 times more likely to die than their White counterparts. Despite medical advances, these rates have not improved over time. Data analyses examining maternal mortality from 2005 – 2014 reveal that mortality rates for Black women have actually increased from 39 to 49 deaths for every 100,000 live …

Glutathione S-Transferase (Gstm1 And Gstt1) Polymorphisms' Relationship Between Glycemic Control Of Diabetic Mothers And Their Infants, Naglaa F. Barseem, Ragab M. Dawood, Shimaa F.N. Dawoud, Soheir S. Abou El-Ella

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To evaluate the glutathione S-transferase genetic variants (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in pregnant mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the degree of glycemic control. Background Previous research has declared that GDM affects both the mother and the baby during pregnancy and in the long term. Patients and methods To reach the goal of this research, a case–control study was designed. A total of 80 pregnant women were divided into two groups: (a) patients group (40 patients had GDM during the third trimester of pregnancy) and (b) control group (40 apparently healthy pregnant women). All participants were subjected to detailed …

Effect Of Fetal Sex On Maternal Total Testosterone Level, Abdallah M. Attia, Mai A. El-Melegy, Thoria A. Omar

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To study the effect of fetal sex on maternal serum total testosterone level and its application for fetal sex determination. Background Our study has been made to find a prenatal sex determination test that is rapid, accurate, and can be performed in early pregnancy. Patients and methods This study was done on 66 pregnant healthy women (aged 18–35 years) in their second trimester of pregnancy (13–26 gestational weeks) as a case group and another 20 healthy nonpregnant women, age-matched as a control group. Those cases with a history of drug intake, chronic diseases, and history of previous operations were …

Factors Associated With The Level Of Knowledge Of Covid-19 Preventive Measures In Pregnant And Puerpal Women In Two Peruvian Communities, Fatima Paucar Osorio, Estefani Rodriguez-Lecaros, Selene Montalvo Molero, Alfredo Tapahuasco Arones, Janny Salazar Cruz, Ricardo Kamiyama Arakawa, Dante Quiñones Laveriano

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

The factors associated with the level of knowledge of the preventive measures of COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women from two Peruvian communities were determined. Quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study. They worked with the entire population. The level of knowledge was measured through a previously validated instrument. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, using linear regression with a 95% confidence interval. The results indicate that the 3 majority (64.7%) considered the use of rubber gloves as a preventive measure, while 33.8% considered the use of homemade masks incorrect and considered that domestic animals transmitted COVID-19. In the multivariate analysis, …

Successful Pregnancy With Centrifugal Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Seyed Hamed Hosseini Dehkordi, Matthew R. Lippmann, Travis Abicht, Andrew J. Sauer, Nicholas A. Haglund, Marc R. Parrish, Jared Staab, Bhanu Gupta

The VAD Journal

Successful deliveries from patients supported by axial flow left ventricular devices have been previously reported. We present the first case of a successful pregnancy and birth in a patient with a centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device. A 24-year-old female with methamphetamine-induced cardiomyopathy and end-stage congestive heart failure supported by a HeartWare™ ventricular assist device (Medtronic) presented two years after device implantation with an unplanned pregnancy at 11-weeks of gestation. Following a multidisciplinary evaluation by experts in advanced heart failure, maternal fetal medicine, cardiothoracic surgery, anesthesia, ethics, psychiatry, and palliative care, an advanced plan of care was established. An elective induction …

Mindfulness: How It Affects Pregnancy, Labor And Delivery, Olivia R. Snipes

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Pregnancy is a very physical and mental process during which many women face a wide variety of complications. The influx of hormones that happens during pregnancy has the ability to make pregnant women more susceptible to depression, anxiety and other stress related illnesses. High levels of stress can negatively affect the mother and unborn child and potentially the mother-child relationship. Many women prefer not to take the pharmaceutical route when coping with stress, anxiety and depression while pregnant. As a result, mindfulness practices have been utilized as an alternative method to reduce the negative effects of these complications and lower …

Country-Based Report: The Safety Of Omalizumab Treatment In Pregnant Patients Withasthma, Bi̇lun Gemi̇ci̇oğlu, Arzu Di̇dem Yalçin, Yavuz Havlucu, Gül Karakaya, Levent Özdemi̇r, Meti̇n Keren, Sevi̇m Bavbek, Dane Edi̇ger, İpek Kivilcim Oğuzülgen, Zeynep Ferhan Özşeker, Ayşe Arzu Yorgancioğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to report outcomes of pregnant patients with asthma under omalizumab treatment and their infants in our country. Materials and methods: Patients with asthma who received omalizumab for at least 6 months and at least one dose during their pregnancy were retrospectively evaluated using a questionnaire regarding their disease and therapy and the health of their infants. Results: Twenty pregnant patients and their 23 infant's data were analyzed. The mean delivery age was 31.8 ± 7.4 years. They received omalizumab for 28.9 ± 21.8 months. Eight (36.4%) patients showed exacerbation of the disease during pregnancy. Forced expiratory volume …

Pregnancy And Covid-19: Prevention, Vaccination, Therapy, And Beyond, Di̇lek Şahi̇n, Atakan Tanaçan, Sophia Ne Webster, Özlem Moraloğlu Teki̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has alarmed the world since its first emergence. As pregnancy is characterized by significant changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and immunological systems, there are concerns on issues like the course of disease in pregnant women, safety of medications, route of delivery and risk of obstetric complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature in the management of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although more than 90% of pregnant women with COVID-19 recover without serious morbidity, rapid deterioration of disease and higher …

The Effects Of Salt Consumption Habits On Iodine Status And Thyroid Functions Duringpregnancy, Mahmut Apaydin, Taner Demi̇rci̇, Özden Özdemi̇r Başer, Beki̇r Uçan, Mustafa Özbek, Erman Çakal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Iodine is the basic substrate for thyroid hormone synthesis and is vital for the general population and especially pregnant women. Iodine deficiency may cause severe health problems for a foetus. This study aimed to determine the relationship, if any, between iodine level and thyroid function tests, and to determine the relationship between consumption of salt types and its effects on thyroid function tests in the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods: Three hundred and six pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, who had known no thyroid disease history and had not received iodine supportive therapy, were …