Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Use Of Marijuana In Those With Anxiety And Depression, Heather Flaa

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this research and literature review was to compare the use of marijuana to SSRIs in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms.

• This literature review searched databases Cochrane, PubMed, Clinical Key, PsycINFO, and DynaMed Plus from the year 1990 and on. Keywords: cannabis, marijuana, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

• Many meta-analyses show SSRIs continue to be first line treatment in those with anxiety and depression in reducing symptoms.

• Patients with marijuana use showed an increased odds ratio of developing anxiety and depression or increasing symptoms in several studies.

• No studies …

Mat Effectiveness For Oxycodone Vs Heroin In Opioid Use Disorders, Casey Myklebust

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Opioid use disorder is a major epidemic in the United States. • Rural areas suffer the most with limited resources available for treatments options. • A limited number of providers participate in MAT programs due to a negative stigma. • Project Echo was developed to spread awareness and information about MAT to educate providers and healthcare facilities about the needs of opioid use disorder patients that are not being met. • Buprenorphine, naltrexone, and methadone are the FDA approved medications to assist in MAT. • Medication assisted treatment is a long-term commitment to successfully maintain sobriety. • Medication alone is …

Hpv Vaccine In Adolescents: How To Increase Uptake, Natasha Richsesin

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that affects both males and females of all ages. An HPV vaccine was created to help protect against harmful infections caused by the virus.

• This literature review focuses on the relationship between the HPV vaccine and its low uptake from untoward events, misinformation surrounding the vaccine, and different education methods. PubMed, Clinical Key, and Cochrane electronic databases are used for the literature review. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, and articles utilized were based on the age of the population being 11 to 29 years old, the HPV vaccine’s involvement …

Methamphetamine: Potential Risk Factor For Neurodegenerative Conditions, Katelyn Sarlette

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Methamphetamine use is a relevant problems in many communities. While it has many adverse health effects, it may also contribute to the development of the neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson’s disease (PD).

• A literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical Key, and DynaMed. Literature found included high quality systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analysis.

• Literature supports that METH use has several major neurotoxic effects resulting in physical and cognitive deficits. There is minimal available evidence evaluating METH use as a risk factor for ALS although, they do share …

Treatment Option Decision Making For Low-Grade Prostate Cancer, Janene Witherite

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer, among men, in the United States.

 Low-grade PCa is defined by; lack of metastasis outside the prostate (M0), no lymph node involvement (N0), tumor staging up to T2a, a PSA of less than 10 ng/ml, a Gleason score of less than 6, and no more than two of the 10-12 tissue samples (each composed of less than 50% cancer cells) of the 10-12 samples taken.

 Four treatment options exist for low-grade PCa patients: active surveillance (AS), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, and radical prostatectomy (RP), all of which cause …

Efficacy Of Bariatric Surgery Compared To Non-Surgical Treatments For Morbid Obesity, Erica Donovan

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this research is to show the efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy as compared to traditional diet and exercise models. Finding ways to combat morbid obesity has resulted in invasive surgical techniques because traditional diets and exercise work infrequently and often fail. Systematic reviews, metaanalysis, randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies were found using the data base of CINAHL, SportsDiscus, PsycInfo, Embase, and PubMed. All of the studies were published no later than 2014 and used human adult subjects ages 19-65. The studies reviewed show that bariatric surgery is a safe and effective obesity treatment …

Review Of Anticoagulation Therapy In Unprovoked Pulmonary Embolism, Christopher D. Klucas

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this research was to identify the best course of action in response to a diagnosis of unprovoked pulmonary embolism.

•The evidence demonstrates non-inferiority status of new direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) when indirectly compared to conventional warfarin therapy.

•Aspirin was also found effective in mitigating the risk of recurrence, but to a lesser extent than both DOAC agents and warfarin.

•DOACs are reasonable alternatives to conventional therapy. Attention to individual comorbidities may allow providers to find advantage with one therapy over another.

• The research, thus far, has not been able to identify a universally safe and an …

Comparison Of Buprenorphine-Naloxone And Buprenorphine Monotherapy In Opioid Dependent Pregnant Women, Ellie Gillund

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

•The purpose of this literature review is to compare the use of buprenorphine-naloxone combination therapy to buprenorphine monotherapy as medication assisted therapy (MAT) for opioid dependent pregnant women.

•Outcomes compared in this study include maternal and neonatal safety, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and peripartum pain management.

•This review included electronic search databases: PubMed, Clinical Key, and Cochrane Library from September 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020. The search included randomized control trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis. Sources excluded included those published >25 years ago, those with poor study design, and those with primary focus on methadone.

•Current research shows evidence to …

The Gut-Brain Axis: Treating Depression Through Microbiome Alterations, Alexandria Bachman-Williams

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• The purpose of this study is to explore the role of gut microbiome alterations in the treatment of anxiety and depression. • There are multiple pathological pathways that lead to the development of anxiety and depression. • Research shows a link between pathologic bacteria and low grade inflammation. This causes a disruption of neurotransmitters that are current targets of pharmacological treatment of depression and anxiety. • Transfer of “pathogenic” bacteria caused increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. • Treatment with probiotics and “protective” bacteria showed decreased BDI scores and improved symptoms. • Studies were small but show need for …

Comparing Romosozumab And Alendronate In The Treatment Of Osteoporosis In Postmenopausal Women, Taylor Johnshoy

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this literature review is to determine if there is a statistical difference in the safety and efficacy between romosozumab, the prototypical drug in the new drug class sclerostin inhibitors, versus alendronate, the prototypical bisphosphonate, in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A comprehensive literature review was performed searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Access Medicine from the last five years. Works chosen for review were limited to articles published in English, full-text articles, clinical trials, randomized control trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Items were excluded after reviewing abstracts due to material not directly comparing the treatment modalities. The research presented …

The Safety And Efficacy Of Antidepressant Use In The Adolescent Population, Jason Marcello

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

This literature review was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of antidepressants in the adolescent population based on the currently available research. Specifically, are antidepressants safe and efficacious in treating depression in adolescents and is their use associated with increased risk of suicide. Data was collected by searching medical databases including: Clinical Key, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, PubMed, DynaMed Plus, and Cochrane Review. The review of the literature included systematic reviews, metaanalysis, cross-sectional, longitudinal, randomized control trials, and survey methods. All literature works selected were published within the past ten years. Upon analysis, the literature showed a significant increase in …

An Analysis Of The Incidence And Severity Of Drug-Drug Interactions Between Prescribed Pharmaceuticals And Cannabinoids, Jennifer Mcrae

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Identify the incidence and severity of drug-drug interactions between commonly prescribed medications and cannabinoids • Medications that are substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 are at the greatest risk of interaction with concomitant use of phytocannabinoids or synthetic cannabinoids • Caution is recommended with medications metabolized via UGT or CES1, however information is currently limited and further research is necessary • Lack of universal standards for laboratory testing of cannabinoid products call into question the legitimacy of reported results in currently reported research as the contents of many cannabinoid products are inaccurately labeled

Treatment Of Clostridioides Difficile With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Brenton Green

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Research was performed to discuss the epidemiology and current guidelines of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI), the different modalities of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the donor screening process, as well as the safety and efficacy of treatment.

• Utilizing Clinical Key, NCBI database, Dynamed Plus, Cochrane Review, and the websites for the CDC and FDA, a literature review encompassing recent research and human studies relating to CDI.

• Recent studies within five years were preferred, however since C. difficile has sparsely changed, older data was utilized with updates applied accordingly.

• Oral antibiotics are intended for …

Comparison Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Materials And Risk Of Rupture/Reinjury In Young Athletes, Matt Hockert

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The anterior cruciate ligament tear is a standard surgical injury seen with young athletes competing at elite, amateur, and recreational capacities. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the rehabilitation guidelines and risks associated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, as well as determining the role of rehabilitation in graft rupture. This literature review also serves to determine if graft choice for surgical repair plays a role in an increased risk of rupture or reinjury. This literature review used various online databases, including Dynamed, Cochran, and PubMed, with the utilization of MeSH terms listed below in “keywords” in order …

The Safety, Accuracy, And Cost-Effectiveness Of Confirmatory Penicillin Allergy Testing In The Outpatient Setting As A Means Of Reducing Patient Morbidity And Mortality, Mitchell Mimbach

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this review is to investigate the prevalence of documented penicillin (PCN) allergies in health care and any negative outcomes associated with being labeled as such. Additional topics researched included the safety and accuracy of PCN allergy testing, the cost-effectiveness of PCN allergy testing versus using non-PCN related antibiotics, and barriers to confirmatory PCN allergy testing implementation. A complete review of the aforementioned topics included meta-analysis’, systematic reviews, cohorts, clinical trials, and cross-sectional studies from the last five years. Databases utilized for this research included PubMed, Cochrane Review, Embase, Dynamed Plus, and ClinicalKey. Sources that were excluded from …

Early Intervention: Addressing Opioid Use Disorder With Emergency Department Initiated Buprenorphine Therapy, Dustin Voss

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

An evaluation of opioid use disorder (OUD) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria.

• The use of buprenorphine in the process of induction, its efficacy for the management of OUD, and barriers to its initiation.

• Outcomes of the initiation of office-based buprenorphine treatment are compared to emergency departmentinitiated buprenorphine treatment for the management of OUD.

• Results revealed that buprenorphine is effective in treating OUD when appropriate induction and maintenance doses are implemented. However, there continue to be barriers in prescribing that have limited access to the medication.

• Office-based buprenorphine …

The Effects Of Initiating Metformin, To Prevent Or Delay Type Ii Diabetes, In Patients With Prediabetes, Kelsey K. Abraham, Jeanie Mchugo

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this literature review is to explore metformin’s role in the treatment of patients with prediabetes within the primary care setting. The efficacy of metformin versus lifestyle modifications will be compared as well as metformin, as adjunctive therapy, to lifestyle modifications. Along with efficacy, a systematic analysis will examine the three above mentioned therapies regarding diabetes risk reduction. Lastly, this review will examine the safety and tolerability of metformin, specifically in patients with prediabetes. The data presented shows evidence that lifestyle modifications are first line treatment for prediabetes while metformin use should be reserved for those who fail …

The Effect Of Proton Pump Inhibitors On Normal Gastrointestinal Flora Leading To Weight Change, Emi L. Binstock

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The goal of this literature review was to determine what effects proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have on the normal gastrointestinal (GI) flora and how that may lead to weight loss or weight gain. A literature search was performed using the database PubMed. Only articles from the last ten years (2009-2019) were included in this review. Keywords used in the search are listed below. After exclusion criteria was applied, 30 articles were relevant and used in this review. Five themes were identified in the literature review. An investigation of normal GI flora associated with weight loss and weight gain identified a …

Cannabis Effectiveness On The Motor Symptoms Of Parkinson’S Disease, Austin Fridrich

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Fueled by news media reports, cannabis use has been ever growing in popularity for the treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat the motor symptoms and levodopa-induced dyskinesia of PD. In this literature review electronic databases were searched and included PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, DynaMedPlus, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Premier, and Clinical Key. A variety of keywords and mesh terms, as listed below, were used to define a set of literature. There were 16 studies chosen for review that …

Surgical Innovations For Gerd: Comparing Outcomes Of Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation And Nissen Fundoplication, Steffani N. Johnston Mack

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic upper gastrointestinal disease with both objective and subjective components. While most cases of GERD are uncomplicated and can be managed with oral medication, refractory cases require surgical intervention. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of GERD’s gold standard surgical technique, the Nissen fundoplication, with a new surgical technique, magnetic sphincter augmentation.

Mental Health Resources & Healthcare Professional Students, Matthew A. Knealing

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The reasoning for this review of literature is to determine if implementing mental health resources in graduate healthcare programs decreases the rate of depression and suicidal ideations. In this review of literature, five databases were searched. They included: PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, Clinical Key, and the Cochrane Library from September 15 to January 3, 2020. Due to the topic being dynamic and receiving more acknowledgment in recent years, articles reviewed were restricted to the last six years within the United States. Works chosen were peer reviewed, which included meta analysis, cross sectional, systemic reviews, longitudinal and, survey method studies. Sources …

Antibiotic Efficacy In Lower Back Pain, Alexander M. Lee

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Chronic lower back pain affects approximately eight percent of the American population, yet no treatment has been agreed upon universally. Studies suggest that between 20-30 percent of lower back pain cases are caused by a low-virulence bacterial infection of an intervertebral disc. • This scholarly project investigated: In patients with chronic lower back pain and Modic changes after disc herniation, what is the effect of antibiotic therapy on reducing pain symptoms compared to placebo. • The literature review used the following electronic databases: ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed. Keywords and mesh terms refined searches to the most recent and …

Catheter Ablation Of The Accessory Pathway In The Asymptomatic Patient With Wolff-Parkinson-White, Erin B. Mondry

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this research and literature review was to analyze the safety and efficacy associated with invasive catheter ablation of the accessory pathway, in comparison to risk of sudden cardiac death and malignant arrythmias in non-ablated, asymptomatic individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW). In this review, five databases were searched including CINAHL, Clinical Key, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Dynamed Plus. Both keyword and mesh terms were used to define a set of the literature discussing Wolff-Parkinson-White, ventricular preexcitation, radiofrequency catheter ablation, and sudden cardiac death. Works chosen for review were published from 2009 to 2019, and included surveys, case control studies, …

Low-Dose Naltrexone For Treatment In Crohn’S Disease And Fibromyalgia, Hannah R. Tkach

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The United States has experienced a dramatic increase in opioid abuse and overdoses, leading to a national epidemic. Contributing to this epidemic is the use of opioid therapy for complex chronic inflammatory and neuropathic conditions that remain difficult to treat. Many traditional treatments are ineffective or have intolerable side effects, forcing providers to utilize opioid therapy as a last resort. Recently, there is increased interest in the use of partial opioid antagonist naltrexone to treat Crohn’s disease and fibromyalgia. Previous research suggests the potential for naltrexone to provide analgesic effects when administered in low doses via its unique interaction with …

Resting Heart Rate And Its Effect On All-Cause Morbidity And Mortality, Peter V. Tronset

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

According to the American College of Cardiology (ACA 2019), approximately every 40 seconds an individual has a myocardial infarction (MI).

▪ While the ACA reports a decrease in death rate from cardiovascular disease by 18.6% (2006-2016) and a decrease in death rate from coronary artery disease by 31.8% (2006 – 2016); Heart disease remains the leading cause of death, affecting approximately 5.7 million American adults.

▪ A literature review was conducted through systematic reviews, metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and peer-reviewed medical journals, The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and The Journal of the American College of Cardiology …

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For The Treatment Of Traumatic Brain Injuries, Jordan A. Wiedmann

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

This research and systematic literature review evaluates the safety and efficacy of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to improve treatment outcomes in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). This review included the search of PubMed, Cochrane Review, Clinical Key, and DynaMed. The search included randomized control trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in the last 20 years.

• Several studies show evidence to support the use of HBOT in TBIs, however the majority of research suggests overall insufficient evidence on the topic. Several studies also address the concern for safety and side effects, as individuals are exposed to increased pressures for long lengths …

Analysis Of Tech-Based And Telemental Health Approaches Within The Adolescent And Young Adult Populations Of Rural America, Audrey K. Smeenk

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The incidences of depression and anxiety among adolescent and young adult populations are intensifying, and resources remain limited for the management of these diseases within rural America.

• Evaluation on different interventions was completed to assess ease of access, efficacy, and patient adherence with the hope to decrease incidence of disease and increase availability of resources to rural areas.

• Based on the current completed research, there is a predominance of evidence that has shown moderate statistical data and promising outcomes from tech-based mobile applications and telemental health. Statistical evidence supports that technological based interventions are a potential treatment option …