Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Applications Of Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling In People Living With Hiv, Michelle M. Pham

Theses & Dissertations

Population pharmacokinetic modeling has become an important tool for the individualization of medicine in HIV care and clinical pharmacology in general. This dissertation explores many applications of population pharmacokinetic modeling to help identify drug exposure, drug-drug interactions, and sources of variability in populations living with HIV. Comprehensive HIV care involves simultaneous treatment of the disease and any co-infection and/or co-conditions.

The first objective was to identify potential drug-drug interactions affecting combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) consisting of efavirenz, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine, from concomitant use of chemotherapy agents. Three models were developed with sparse sampling to characterize efavirenz, emtricitabine, and …

Rilpivirine-Associated Aggregation-Induced Emission Enables Cell-Based Nanoparticle Tracking, Insiya Mukadam

Theses & Dissertations

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality and duration of life for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, limitations in drug efficacy, the emergence of viral mutations and the paucity of cell-tissue targeting remain. We posit that to maximize ART potency and therapeutic outcomes newer drug formulations that reach HIV cellular reservoirs need to be created. In a step towards achieving this goal we discovered the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Rilpivirine (RPV) and used it as a platform for drug cell and subcellular tracking. RPV nanocrystals were created with endogenous AIE …

The Influence Of Antiretroviral Therapy On Qtc Interval Amongst Hiv Patients At Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Jay Shavadia

Theses & Dissertations

Aim: To determine the influence of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy on the QT_C interval amongst HIV-infected patients.

Design: Prospective Comparative survey of two population samples

Patients and Setting: One hundred and thirty ARV naïve and one hundred and thirty treated HIV-positive patients selected from in and out patient departments of Aga Khan University Hospital underwent clinical evaluation and 12 lead resting ECG between August 2008 and March 2009.

Methodology: Eligible HIV-positive patients were conveniently sampled and had a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) performed to determine the QTinterval, corrected for the heart rate by the Bazzet formula. Analysis was then performed to …