Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Association Of Tissue Vitamin D Receptor Expression With Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes In Kenyan Women, Mutambuki Kimondo

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Previous studies have shown that reduced vitamin D receptor expression in breast cancer tissue is associated with worse disease outcomes. Furthermore, studies show that estrogen negative and triple negative breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and a low breast tissue vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. Other studies also report that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with more aggressive breast cancer.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with both a retrospective and a prospective arm. The retrospective part was nested within a larger study; previously constructed tissue microarray blocks (TMA) blocks were used for analysis …

Immunohistochemical P21 Expression In Breast Cancer: Association With Patient And Tumour Characteristics, Benjamin N. Njihia

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Molecular characterisation of the breast cancer has allowed for targeted therapies that are improving outcomes. The gains achieved by these treatments have fuelled the search for other targets, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21. p21 expression in breast cancer has been shown to be variably associated with clinical and pathological parameters in different populations. It is possible that either methodological or biological differences underlie these variations.

Objective: The current study sought to determine the association of p21 expression and clinico-pathological parameters in breast cancer patients at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods: Clinically annotated tissue …