Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Review Of Pertinent Studies On Alcoholism With Particular Reference To The Family, Robert S. Reed

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Orientation And Mobility Needs Of Blind Youth In A Highly-Impacted Metropolitan Area, Lawrence E. Blaha

Masters Theses

Introduction

Mobility enables man to interact with his surroundings, and to influence his environment as well as to be influenced by it. The need for the blind individual to relate himself to his environment has been the motivation for the development of orientation and mobility instruction.

While orientation and mobility for the blind is a relatively new discipline, the systemic use of basic techniques, i.e. hand-and-arm techniques and the use of long, light, functional cane as a mode of travel, has been validated empirically with more than a thousand blinded adults. These techniques have also been used successfully with blind …

An Investigation Of The Relationships Between Judgements Of Esophageal And Artificial Larynx Speech Made By Sophisticated And Naïve Judges, Gerald Robert Moses

Masters Theses

The Background and Purpose of the Study

Introduction

Laryngectomy, the surgical removal of the larynx, is performed to save life threatened by a carcinomatous condition of the larynx. This surgical procedure is also performed when necessitated by accident, injury or other pathologies of the larynx. (35).

There are living, in the United States, an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 individuals who have undergone surgical removal of the larynx due to the carcinomatous condition of that organ (33). It is probable that the total population of laryngectomized persons would exceed this number if statistical information were available concerning the number of laryngectomies …

An Investigation Of The Maturation Of Articulation Of Elementary School Children, Thomas D. Marshall

Masters Theses

The Background and Purpose of the Study

Introduction

Developmental studies of speech (12, 13, 24) have indicated that the growth of articulation skills in children follows a definite pattern, with the vowels being first mastered, then the consonants, and finally, the consonant blends. Studies generally agree that the normal child acquires essentially adult articulation by eight years of age. It may be expected, then, that in the early elementary grades, immature articulation skills are not unusual in normal children, and that at higher grade levels, immature articulation skills are relatively less common. Mills and Streit (11), in a survey of …

Interests, Attitudes And Personality Patterns Of Undergraduate Students In Speech Pathology And Audiology, Sandra Mary Henderson

Masters Theses

Chapter I

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Over the past several decades there has been increasing interest in the occupational choices of men and women, and the interests and attitudes associated with various professional groups. Since occupations are becoming increasingly more specialized, employers and educators have found that those people who perform best in the position of their choice are those who exhibit certain interests and attitudes with regard to their occupation. Colleges emphasize the necessity of counseling in order to enable students to effectively choose general areas of concentration. The fields of study chosen by students are a …

An Investigation Of Adaptation To The Delayed Auditory Feedback Effect By Normal Speakers, Nelson H. Bormann

Masters Theses

Introduction

Research is being conducted in numerous areas of interest in an effort to better understand the functionings of the various speech deviations. One promising area of investigation is studying speech production as an automatic-control system or a servosystem. Interest in studying the theories of servosystems was greatly stimulated by the work of Nobert Wiener, who first formulated and developed the science of cybernetics. An integral aspect of cybernetic theory is the concept of controlling the behavior of a system by monitoring and evaluating the system's own output. Wiener stated that, in its simplest form, "...the feedback principle means that …

A Study Of The Effects Of The Track Starter's Time Intervals, Michael Armour Sutton

Masters Theses

[From the Introduction, Statement of the Problem]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the track starter's time interval on the performance of the track runner. It was also a purpose of the study to show the need for more competent starters and clinics for training these officials.

A Study Of Certain Effects Of Local And Topical Anesthetics On The Speech Of Stutterers, Charles Michael Gross

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

Introductory Statement

The ability to monitor one's own vocal output is essential if one is to produce and maintain normal speech. Speech would become progressively defective if one were unable to detect errors in voice, articulation, or rate. The preservation and maintenance of speech require the coordination of several automatic systems in the human body. One of these systems includes the tactual-kinesthetic purpose of defining the tactual-kinesthetic role and its relation to feedback cues in the production of speech.

Since speech is controlled by more than one automatic feedback system, it is essential that an investigation of …

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Auditory And Combined Auditory-Visual Cues Upon Judged Intelligibility Of Artificial Larynx Speech And Esophageal Speech, Mary Ellen Carder

Masters Theses

Introduction

Surveys have shown that the incidence of total laryngectomy, surgical removal of the larynx, has increased steadily in the United States since 1947 when a total of 846 cases were reported (19, 20), to the present time when cancer registries indicate that about 4,400 new cases of cancer of the larynx are discovered annually (13). While it is estimated that in the United States at the present time there are 15,000 to 20,000 individuals who have undergone surgical removal of the larynx due to a carcinomatous condition of that organ (27), it is probable that the total population of …

Construction And Validation Of Six Mental Health Sub-Scales By Age, Sex, And Educational Status, Thomas James Boynton

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

Purpose of the Study

The topic considered in this thesis is the construction and validation of six mental health sub-scales which are based upon procedures controlling for age, sex, and educational status. Each item in a 22 item mental health scale is tested for validity by age, sex, and educational status. Six sub-scales, one for each dichotomy of the three social groups, are constructed from this procedure. The validity of these sub-scales is then tested via six different criteria of mental health. Finally, the validity of the six sub-scales, the original 22 item scale, and a related …

An Investigation Into The Possible Relationship Between Phonic Ability And Articulatory Defectiveness In University Students, Ralph W. Redel

Masters Theses

Introduction

Background

In 1938, Travis and Rasmus commented on a particular problem in pathology. They said, "From every angle, an adult with a disorder of articulation presents a much more serious problem than a child with such a defect" (40. p. 218). Their statement is an appropriate current evaluation of the same problem. The American Speech and Hearing Association's Committee on the Midcentury White House Conference reported that the incidence of articulatory disorders was equal, 3.3% for both children and adults in the United States (1). In 1962, Dopheide found that 36 out of 2,087 of the freshman entering Western …

An Investigation Of The Influence Of Certain Phonetic Contexts Upon Articulation Of The /S/ Sound, Theodore J. Peters

Masters Theses

Chapter I

The Background and Purpose of the Study

Introduction

Clinical experience as well as considerable research, which will be discussed later in this chapter, has shown that children are inconsistent in their misarticulation of speech sounds. Children who typically misarticulate a sound may, nevertheless, articulate the sound correctly in certain words. Several authors have suggested that these occasional correct productions of the usually misarticulated sound can be useful in therapy. For example, in a discussion of therapy techniques Van Riper (32, p. 273) has recommended the use of "key words" in helping a child correct his articulation errors:

Although …

The Effect Of Gymnastic Routines On Blood Pressure And Pulse Rate, Robert Ferguson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Verbal Output, Relating To Otsego Public School First Grade Students With Functional Articulatory Defects, John M. Bartholomy

Masters Theses

The Problem and Its Background

The Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the verbal output of first grade elementary school children is reduced when one of the participants in conversational communication has an articulation speech defect. A speech defect has long been thought to cause a reduction in the verbal output of the possessor of that speech defect. This present study seeks to determine whether or not an articulatory speech defect also reduces the verbal output of the normal speaking person with whom he is communicating.

Areas Of Knowledge And Skills Essential To Occupational Therapists In Clinical Psychiatry --A Critical Study Of 395 Performance Examples, Elizabeth A. Boles

Masters Theses

Introduction

Occupational therapy, an allied medical discipline, has experienced rapid growth in the slightly more than forty years of its existence. The impetus given to this field through the training of World War I reconstruction aides, the forerunners of professional occupational therapists, has been described by Willard and Spackman.¹ These authors state that the inauguration of the first collegiate training program took place at Milwaukee Downer College in 1913. By 1921 a national professional organization had been formed,² and by 1938 four schools of occupational therapy had been accredited, based on standards set up by the American Medical …

Inadequacies Of The Present Resource In Education For Nursing And A Proposed Program Solution, Virginia Mae Kraemer

Masters Theses

Statement of the Problem: In this study, (1) the presentation of the programs of nursing education in operation today, (2) assessment of the value of these programs in providing general nursing service, (3) appraisal and evaluation of certain factors which are influencing the nursing service are presented as evidence of need of (4) a proposal of a more efficient program or nursing education. The projection of recruitment possibilities of the proposed program by questionnaire directed to senior high school girls, and a canvass of attitudes and degree of acceptance of the program determined by interview with directors of nursing schools …

An Investigation Into The Possible Relationship Between Reading Ability And Functional Articulatory Defective Speech, Joan Elizabeth Weir

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between reading disability and defective articulation. An attempt has been made to determine whether or not children with functionally defective articulation have difficulty in reading.

It is conceivable that a deficiency in one or several areas of language development might impede or retard a child's academic achievement and might interfere with his emotional adjustment. This study was, therefore, undertaken, first to determine whether or not there is a difference in the reading ability of speech defective children as determined by valid and reliable measures, and the reading ability of …

Specific Language Disability As Related To Clinical Failure In Public School Speech Therapy, G. Lorraine Hansen

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Background of the Problem

Introduction. The term language as used in this thesis refers to the complex symbolic processes of speaking, reading, and writing. Speech is the primary process of language. Reading and writing are secondary processes formed by written symbols which reflect the primary symbols of speech. Due to the integral relationship of these elements, a facility or disability in one might affect the others. If this is true, then it might also be possible that one currently existing factor could affect the entire area of language including any, or all, of the interrelated processes. It is …

A Comparative Study Of Musical Memory In Children With Articulation Disorders And Normal Speaking Children, Alf E. Preus

Masters Theses

The Problem and Its Background

The Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the possible differences in musical memory between a group of children with functional articulation disorders and a group of normal speaking children.

An Investigation Of A Possible Correlation Between Metallic Elements In Human Hair And Coronary Heart Disease, Lamar E. Bullock

Masters Theses

Introduction

In the academic year 1959-1960 the National Science Foundation supported an undergraduate research program at Western: Michigan University for the spectrographic analysis of human hair. This preliminary work concerned itself with determining the quantities of magnesium, iron, and calcium in human hair. The hair samples were taken from a supposedly normal cross section of people. This group consisted of 41 women and 52 men. The ages varied from 2 to 72. Most of the hair samples were collected from a local barber shop and beauty shop, although a small portion of the samples was collected from individuals. Information concerning …

The Effect Of Resistive Exercises Upon The Velocity Of A Thrown Baseball, Donald Allan Rasmussen

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of The Identification Of One’S Own Voice By Speech Defective And Normal Speaking Children, Robert L. Frankenberger

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to test the vocal self-identification ability of children with functional defects of articulation as compared to children with normal speech. An attempt has been made to determine whether the functional articulatory defective child is able to distinguish his recorded voice from voices of other children who possess no articulatory defects.

A Comparison Between Signal-To-Noise Ratios Of Stutterers And Normal Speakers, Allen A. Montgomery

Masters Theses

Chapter I

The Problem and Its Background

The Problem

The problem with which this study deals, involves the question: do adult stutterers and non-stutterers differ in their ability to separate auditorily a designated sound from a background of noise?

Review of Research

Research in the field of stuttering has covered a wide area. Stutterers' metabolism has been measured, their handedness determined, and their personalities evaluated. Recently, however, the research has taken a new direction. Since the early 1950's with the development of the discipline of cybernetics, it has dealt increasingly with stuttering in terms of auditory and proprioceptive feedback, self …

The Correspondence Of Error Between The Voiced And Unvoiced Cognates “S” And “Z” In Children With Articulatory Disorders, Gerald F. Johnson

Masters Theses

Introduction

The problem as set forth in this thesis is to determine the correspondence of error between the voiced and unvoiced cognates "s" and "z" in children with articulatory disorders. It has been assumed that the correspondence of error type would be high due to the similarity of the sounds. Anderson, for example, says that "much of what is true with respect to "s" applies with equal force to its voiced analogue "z"." The problem of this research is to determine whether there is any correspondence between the respective errors on the sibilants "s" and "z" and if they correspond …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Of Tongue Clicking To Mandibular Descent, Amy Louise Bricker

Masters Theses

Introduction

The movement of the tongue has been of concern for many years to the speech therapist. At one time tongue exercises were of prime importance in this field but due to the gross misuse of the exercises, they have now become of little importance. Only recently has the motor functioning of the tongue attracted renewed interest. Although the activity of the tongue has often been studied, none of the studies to our knowledge have included the control of jaw movement. Since the genio-glossus muscle serves as the bulk of the tongue and has its origin on the mandible, the …

The Effect Of Recorded Lateral Lisping On Listener Comprehension, Leslie Gene Adkins

Masters Theses

The Problem

This experiment was designed to test the effect of misarticulation on listener comprehension. Of the many authorities who suggest that poor speaking reduces comprehension, Knower, Phillips, and Koeppel state: "Poor speaking seems to be the least effective method of presenting informative materials. There is a direct relationship between the quality of speaking performance and the amount of material recall." One of the important factors which contributes to effective speaking is correct articulation. According to Van Riper and Irwin: "If you misarticulate your speech sounds, it interferes with communication, and your speech is judged as abnormal." Articulation defects are …

The Relationship Between Verbal Facility And Delayed Speech Feedback, Charles Joseph Arens

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Effects Of Delayed Side-Tone Upon Voiced And Whispered Reading Time, Bruce Presten Ryan

Masters Theses

Definition of Delayed Side-Tone

The term delayed side-tone feedback refers to the delaying of one's hearing of himself by a fraction of a second, so that instead of hearing himself as he normally does, he hears himself or his own speech a fraction of a second later.

...in order to produce delayed speech feedback it is necessary to return the speaker's speech to his own ears approximately one-means of a magnetic tape recording and reproducing machine which has used to experience the effect prominently since they deliver delayed speech and exclude the normal air-borne undelayed speech sound which provides the …

An Analysis Of The Articulation Errors In Spontaneous Speech Of One Hundred Children With Lisps, Paula C. Downs

Masters Theses

The Problem

This study is an attempt to determine the nature and relative frequency of the articulation errors shown by one hundred school children with lisps.

The Importance of Investigating the Phenomenon of Defective Articulation

The incidence of speech defects in the child population has been found to range from five percent (5%) to ten percent (10%) of the total child population. A child's speech is considered defective when the listener gives as much or more attention to the manner in which the child speaks as he does to the idea being communicated.

The History Of Basketball At The Eastern Illinois University, Virgil Morris Jacobs

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.