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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Development Of The Distraction Coaching Index, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, L. Myers, N. Weathers
Development Of The Distraction Coaching Index, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Mccarthy, Kirsten Hanrahan, L. Myers, N. Weathers
Kirsten M. Hanrahan
Children's distress during medical procedures can be decreased when professionals or parents provide distraction coaching, but the quality of distraction may contribute to the variation in the results. This article describes the development of the Distraction Coaching Index (DCI), a tool for measuring the quality and frequency of distraction coaching. Nominal group technique and consensus agreement were used for concept clarification and development of behavioral indicators and descriptors. Videotapes of untrained parents, trained parents, and expert professional coaches, who provided distraction to children (4-10 years old) undergoing peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, were used to assess interrater reliability and construct validity. …
Strategies For Salivary Cortisol Collection And Analysis In Research With Children, Kirsten Hanrahan, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, S. Lutgendorf, E. Tsalikian
Strategies For Salivary Cortisol Collection And Analysis In Research With Children, Kirsten Hanrahan, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, S. Lutgendorf, E. Tsalikian
Kirsten M. Hanrahan
Salivary cortisol has emerged in pediatric research as an easy-to-collect, relatively inexpensive, biologic marker of stress. Cortisol is highly variable and is responsive to a wide range of factors that should be considered when incorporating this measure into research with children. Strategies for sample collection include: (1) standardizing the time for sample collection, including baseline samples; (2) using consistent collection materials and methods; (3) controlling for certain drinks, foods, medications, and diagnoses; and (4) establishing procedures and protocols. Other strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) selecting the appropriate assay and laboratory; (2) identifying units of measure and norms; and (3) …
Factors Explaining Children's Responses To Intravenous Needle Insertions, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen
Factors Explaining Children's Responses To Intravenous Needle Insertions, Ann Mccarthy, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan, M. Zimmerman, N. Westhus, S. Allen
Kirsten M. Hanrahan
BACKGROUND: Previous research shows that numerous child, parent, and procedural variables affect children's distress responses to procedures. Cognitive-behavioral interventions such as distraction are effective in reducing pain and distress for many children undergoing these procedures. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this report was to examine child, parent, and procedural variables that explain child distress during a scheduled intravenous insertion when parents are distraction coaches for their children. METHODS: A total of 542 children, between 4 and 10 years of age, and their parents participated. Child age, gender, diagnosis, and ethnicity were measured by questions developed for this study. Standardized instruments were …