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- Neurodevelopmental disabilities (3)
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- A.S.P.E.N. (2)
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- Cisapride (2)
- Erythromycin (2)
- Hypermetabolism (2)
- Hypophosphatemia (2)
- Invited Lectures (2)
- Metoclopramide (2)
- Neuromuscular disease (2)
- Phosphorus (2)
- Student learning (2)
- Thermally injured patients (2)
- 6-MP (1)
- 6-mercaptopurine (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition, Jane M. Gervasio, Rex O. Brown, Justin J. Sherman, William L. Hickerson, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Roland N. Dickerson
Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition, Jane M. Gervasio, Rex O. Brown, Justin J. Sherman, William L. Hickerson, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Roland N. Dickerson
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the 22nd Clinical Congress of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Orlando, FL, January 18-21, 1998.
Measured Energy Expenditure Of Nonambulatory Patients With Severe Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Roland Dickerson, Rex Brown, Jane Gervasio, Emily Hak, John Williams, Lawrence Hak
Measured Energy Expenditure Of Nonambulatory Patients With Severe Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Roland Dickerson, Rex Brown, Jane Gervasio, Emily Hak, John Williams, Lawrence Hak
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from American College of Clinical Pharmacy 1997 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 9-12, 1997.
Enteral Cisapride, Erythromycin, And Metoclopramide In Critically Ill Patients Intolerant To Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized, Placebocontrolled, Cross-Over Study, Robert Maclaren, Jane M. Gervasio, David A. Kuhl, Teresa N. Livingston, Kyle Swift, Roland N. Dickerson, Rex O. Brown, Stacey Headley, Kenneth A. Kudsk, John J. Lima
Enteral Cisapride, Erythromycin, And Metoclopramide In Critically Ill Patients Intolerant To Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized, Placebocontrolled, Cross-Over Study, Robert Maclaren, Jane M. Gervasio, David A. Kuhl, Teresa N. Livingston, Kyle Swift, Roland N. Dickerson, Rex O. Brown, Stacey Headley, Kenneth A. Kudsk, John J. Lima
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from American College of Clinical Pharmacy 1997 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 9-12, 1997.
Comparison Of Arterial Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations In Rats Fed Ad Lib Oral Chow Or Parenteral Nutrition Via Intravenous Or Gastric Infusion, Jane M. Gervasio, Emily B. Hak, Michael C. Storm, M. E. Croft, Lawrence J. Hak
Comparison Of Arterial Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations In Rats Fed Ad Lib Oral Chow Or Parenteral Nutrition Via Intravenous Or Gastric Infusion, Jane M. Gervasio, Emily B. Hak, Michael C. Storm, M. E. Croft, Lawrence J. Hak
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the 22nd Clinical Congress of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Orlando, FL, January 18-21, 1998.
Accuracy Of Predictive Formulas To Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure Of Thermally Injured Patients, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Marti L. Riley, James E. Murrell, William L. Hickerson, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Rex O. Brown
Accuracy Of Predictive Formulas To Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure Of Thermally Injured Patients, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Marti L. Riley, James E. Murrell, William L. Hickerson, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Rex O. Brown
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the 25th Clinical Congress of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Chicago, IL, January 21-24, 2001.
Blood Glucose Concentration Does Not Correlate With Organ Failure Or Outcome In Trauma Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition, Jennifer L. Ash, Jane M. Gervasio, Gary P. Zaloga, George H. Rodman Jr.
Blood Glucose Concentration Does Not Correlate With Organ Failure Or Outcome In Trauma Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition, Jennifer L. Ash, Jane M. Gervasio, Gary P. Zaloga, George H. Rodman Jr.
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2005 Spring Practice and Research Forum/Updates in Therapeutics, Myrtle Beach, SC, April 10-13, 2005.
Does The Quantity Of Enteral Nutrition Affect Outcomes In Critically Ill Trauma Patients?, Jennifer Ash, Jane Gervasio, Gary Zaloga, George Rodman Jr.
Does The Quantity Of Enteral Nutrition Affect Outcomes In Critically Ill Trauma Patients?, Jennifer Ash, Jane Gervasio, Gary Zaloga, George Rodman Jr.
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from Clinical Nutrition Week, Orlando, FL, January 29-February 2, 2005.
Enhanced Student Learning And Scholarly Productivity Through Capstone Projects, Bruce Hancock, Jane Gervasio, Iftekhar Kalsekar, Julie Koehler, Mary Andritz
Enhanced Student Learning And Scholarly Productivity Through Capstone Projects, Bruce Hancock, Jane Gervasio, Iftekhar Kalsekar, Julie Koehler, Mary Andritz
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy/Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 16-24, 2008.
Expansion Of Experiential Learning Opportunities Through Medication Reconciliation Participation, Jane M. Gervasio, Julie M. Koehler, Kevin M. Tuohy, Julie L. Williams, Mary H. Andritz
Expansion Of Experiential Learning Opportunities Through Medication Reconciliation Participation, Jane M. Gervasio, Julie M. Koehler, Kevin M. Tuohy, Julie L. Williams, Mary H. Andritz
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, July 12-18, 2007.
Nutritional Support In The Acute Care Patient Post-Ventricular Assist Device Placement, Abby Re, Jane M. Gervasio, Robert D. Warhurst, Gary P. Zaloga
Nutritional Support In The Acute Care Patient Post-Ventricular Assist Device Placement, Abby Re, Jane M. Gervasio, Robert D. Warhurst, Gary P. Zaloga
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from American College of Clinical Pharmacy Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 23-26, 2005.
Bowel Necrosis Associated With Enteral Feeding, Jane M. Gervasio, Ryan Ednalino, Jennifer Reynolds, Gary P. Zaloga
Bowel Necrosis Associated With Enteral Feeding, Jane M. Gervasio, Ryan Ednalino, Jennifer Reynolds, Gary P. Zaloga
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from Clinical Nutrition Week, Dallas, TX, February 12-15, 2006.
Enhanced Student Learning And Public Health Awareness Through Capstone Projects, Jane Gervasio, Carriann Richey, Bruce Hancock, Iftekhar Kalsekar, Julie Koehler, Mary Andritz
Enhanced Student Learning And Public Health Awareness Through Capstone Projects, Jane Gervasio, Carriann Richey, Bruce Hancock, Iftekhar Kalsekar, Julie Koehler, Mary Andritz
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the 110th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Boston, MA, July 18-22, 2009.
A Comparison Of Efficacy Of Heparin 0.5 Unit/Ml Versus Heparin 1 Unit/Ml In Parenteral Nutrition Administrated In The Neonatal Population, Jane M. Gervasio, Meredith Mckinney, Iftekar Kalsekar, Elaina Szeszycki
A Comparison Of Efficacy Of Heparin 0.5 Unit/Ml Versus Heparin 1 Unit/Ml In Parenteral Nutrition Administrated In The Neonatal Population, Jane M. Gervasio, Meredith Mckinney, Iftekar Kalsekar, Elaina Szeszycki
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from Clinical Nutrition Week, Las Vegas, NV, February 8-10, 2010.
Evaluation Of Enteral Feeding Success In Head Injured Patients Placed In Pentobarbital Induced Comas, Jane M. Gervasio, Jonathan Egel, Joshua Mcgehee, Gabriel Drew Stillabower, Nicole Ponton, Lawrence Bortenschlager, Timothy Pohlman
Evaluation Of Enteral Feeding Success In Head Injured Patients Placed In Pentobarbital Induced Comas, Jane M. Gervasio, Jonathan Egel, Joshua Mcgehee, Gabriel Drew Stillabower, Nicole Ponton, Lawrence Bortenschlager, Timothy Pohlman
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract of Distinction from Clinical Nutrition Week, Las Vegas, NV, February 8-10, 2010.
Teaching Residents To Teach: Preparing Faculty And Clinical Educators, Sarah Nisly, Tracy Sprunger, Alison Walton, Tracy Costello, Jane M. Gervasio, Mary H. Andritz
Teaching Residents To Teach: Preparing Faculty And Clinical Educators, Sarah Nisly, Tracy Sprunger, Alison Walton, Tracy Costello, Jane M. Gervasio, Mary H. Andritz
Jane M. Gervasio
Abstract from the 114th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, July 13-17, 2013.
Chronic Hypothermia And Energy Expenditure In A Neurodevelopmentally Disabled Patient: A Case Study, Jane Gervasio, Roland Dickerson, Rex Brown, J. Matthews
Chronic Hypothermia And Energy Expenditure In A Neurodevelopmentally Disabled Patient: A Case Study, Jane Gervasio, Roland Dickerson, Rex Brown, J. Matthews
Jane M. Gervasio
Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature of <35°C and results in a decrease in measured resting energy expenditure. A 51-year-old mentally disabled patient experienced chronic hypothermia from neurologic sequelae. Because of her continued weight gain and increased body fat in the presence of presumed hypocaloric nutrition, indirect calorimetry measurements were performed twice in a 3-month period. The resting energy expenditure measurements prompted a reduction of her daily caloric intake to prevent further overfeeding. Hypothermia reduces oxygen consumption and, as a consequence, decreases resting energy expenditure. In patients for whom chronic hypothermia is a problem, nutritional intake must be …
Sequential Group Trial To Determine Gastrointestinal Site Of Absorption And Systemic Exposure Of Azathioprine, Jane M. Gervasio, Rex O. Brown, John Lima, M. G. Tabbaa, Thomas Abell, Robert Werkman, Lynda J. Haberer, Lawrence J. Hak
Sequential Group Trial To Determine Gastrointestinal Site Of Absorption And Systemic Exposure Of Azathioprine, Jane M. Gervasio, Rex O. Brown, John Lima, M. G. Tabbaa, Thomas Abell, Robert Werkman, Lynda J. Haberer, Lawrence J. Hak
Jane M. Gervasio
Azathioprine (AZA) is used in the treatment of patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease; however, its use is limited because of systemic toxicity associated with long-term use. Ileocecal delivery of AZA might be advantageous if local intestinal therapeutic effects could be provided with decreased systemic side effects. Decreased cecal systemic absorption would allow higher dosages of AZA to be administered. A two-phase study was performed to compare the systemic exposure of AZA and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) following administration of AZA into the stomach, jejunum, and cecum and to compare the systemic exposure to AZA and 6-MP following administration of three different …
Sequential Single Doses Of Cisapride, Erythromycin, And Metoclopramide In Critically Ill Patients Intolerant To Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study, Robert Maclaren, David A. Kuhl, Jane M. Gervasio, Rex O. Brown, Roland N. Dickerson, Teresa N. Livingston, Kyle Swift, Stacey Headley, Kenneth A. Kudsk, John J. Lima
Sequential Single Doses Of Cisapride, Erythromycin, And Metoclopramide In Critically Ill Patients Intolerant To Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study, Robert Maclaren, David A. Kuhl, Jane M. Gervasio, Rex O. Brown, Roland N. Dickerson, Teresa N. Livingston, Kyle Swift, Stacey Headley, Kenneth A. Kudsk, John J. Lima
Jane M. Gervasio
Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of enteral cisapride, metoclopramide, erythromycin, and placebo for promoting gastric emptying in critically ill patients with intolerance to gastric enteral nutrition (EN). Design: A randomized, crossover study. Setting: Adult medical intensive care unit at a university-affiliated private hospital and trauma intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital. Patients: Ten adult, critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients not tolerating a fiber-containing EN product defined as a single aspirated gastric residual volume >150 mL or two aspirated gastric residual volumes >120 mL during a 12-hr period. Interventions: Patients received 10 mg of cisapride, 200 mg of …
Measured Energy Expenditure Of Tube-Fed Patients With Severe Neurodevelopment Disabilities, Roland N. Dickerson, Rex O. Brown, Jane M. Gervasio, Emily B. Hak, Lawrence J. Hak, John E. Williams
Measured Energy Expenditure Of Tube-Fed Patients With Severe Neurodevelopment Disabilities, Roland N. Dickerson, Rex O. Brown, Jane M. Gervasio, Emily B. Hak, Lawrence J. Hak, John E. Williams
Jane M. Gervasio
Objective: To determine measured resting energy expenditure (REE) of nonambulatory tube-fed patients with severe neurological neurodevelopmental disabilities. Methods: Twenty patients were prospectively studied. Only steady state indirect calorimetry measurements were taken. All measurements were conducted using a canopy system. Nutritional needs were met entirely by enteral feedings via a permanent ostomy. Results: REE was widely distributed from 16 kcals/kg/day to 39 kcals/kg/day. The mean REE (888 ±176 kcals/day) of the patients was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than predicted as estimated by the Harris-Benedict equations (1081 ± 155 kcals/day) and World Health Organization equations (1194 ± 167 kcals/day). Fat-free mass (FFM) …
Oxandrolone In Trauma Patients, Jane M. Gervasio, Roland N. Dickerson, Jessica Swearingen, Mary E.D. Yates, Ceaminia Yuen, Timothy C. Fabian, Martin A. Croce, Rex O. Brown
Oxandrolone In Trauma Patients, Jane M. Gervasio, Roland N. Dickerson, Jessica Swearingen, Mary E.D. Yates, Ceaminia Yuen, Timothy C. Fabian, Martin A. Croce, Rex O. Brown
Jane M. Gervasio
Study Objective To determine the effect of oxandrolone administration on nutritional and clinical outcomes after multiple trauma. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting. Level 1 trauma center in a university teaching hospital. Patients Sixty-two patients requiring enteral nutrition, 60 of whom completed the study. Intervention Patients were randomized to receive either oxandrolone 10 mg or placebo twice/day for a maximum of 28 days. Measurements and Main Results Total urinary nitrogen, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, total body water, and body cell mass were measured on day 1 of enteral nutrition and then at day 7, day 10, and study exit. Patients …
A Comparison Of Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Specialized Nutrition Support, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Justin J. Sherman, Kenneth A. Kudsk, William L. Hickerson, Rex O. Brown
A Comparison Of Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Specialized Nutrition Support, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Justin J. Sherman, Kenneth A. Kudsk, William L. Hickerson, Rex O. Brown
Jane M. Gervasio
To compare phosphorus intake and renal phosphorus regulation between thermally injured patients and multiple trauma patients, 40 consecutive critically ill patients, 20 with thermal injury and 20 with multiple trauma, who required enteral tube feeding were evaluated. Phosphorus intakes were recorded for 14 days from the initiation of tube feeding which was started 1 to 3 days post-injury. Serum for determination of phosphorus concentrations was collected at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of the study period. A 24-hour urine collection was obtained during the first and second weeks of nutrition support for urinary phosphorus excretion, fractional excretion of phosphorus, …
Accuracy Of Predictive Methods To Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure Of Thermally-Injured Patients, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Marti L. Riley, James E. Murrell, William L. Hickerson, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Rex O. Brown
Accuracy Of Predictive Methods To Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure Of Thermally-Injured Patients, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Marti L. Riley, James E. Murrell, William L. Hickerson, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Rex O. Brown
Jane M. Gervasio
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bias and precision of 46 methods published from 1953 to 2000 for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) of thermally injured patients. Methods Twenty-four adult patients with ≥20% body surface area burn admitted to a burn center who required specialized nutrition support and who had their REE measured via indirect calorimetry (IC) were evaluated. Patients with morbid obesity, human immunovirus, malignancy, pregnancy, hepatic or renal failure, neuromuscular paralysis, or those requiring a FiO2 >50% or positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ≥10 cm H2O were excluded. One steady-state measured REE measurement (MEE) …
Nutrition In The Critically Ill Patient, Jane M. Gervasio
Nutrition In The Critically Ill Patient, Jane M. Gervasio
Jane M. Gervasio
Critical illness presents with the classic response to stress, including hypermetabolism and increased catabolism, resulting in a negative energy and nitrogen balance. These harmful events initiate the immunological response, starting with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which, if not resolved, may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Furthermore, patients who do not develop early MODS manifest a compensation anti-inflammatory response syndrome, which suppresses immunity and predisposes the patient to sepsis, thereby increasing the risk of late MODS and ultimately death. The use of specialized nutrition support, including enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), has been initiated in an …
Anabolic Agents: Adjuncts To Nutrition Support, Jane Gervasio
Anabolic Agents: Adjuncts To Nutrition Support, Jane Gervasio
Jane M. Gervasio
Anabolic agents as adjuncts to nutrition support therapy have been used to improve malnutrition and establish anabolism. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and anabolic steroids have been studied for their potential to reverse the catabolic process and promote anabolism. This paper reviews several anabolic agents and their possible role in nutrition support therapy.
2005 American Society For Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Standards And Guidelines Survey, David Seres, Charlene Compher, Douglas Seidner, Laura Byham-Gray, Jane M. Gervasio, Stephen Mcclave
2005 American Society For Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Standards And Guidelines Survey, David Seres, Charlene Compher, Douglas Seidner, Laura Byham-Gray, Jane M. Gervasio, Stephen Mcclave
Jane M. Gervasio
An online survey about the use and format of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Standards and Guidelines documents was conducted. The survey was sent to A.S.P.E.N. members, and an acceptable number of responses were received (470, or 9% of those surveyed). Most respondents indicated an overall satisfaction with the standards and guidelines and suggested format changes, many of which will be incorporated into future guidelines and standards. The results of this survey are presented here for general interest. Changes in the process with which A.S.P.E.N. produces standards and guidelines are discussed.
Nutrition Support Therapy In Acute Kidney Injury: Distinguishing Dogma From Good Practice, Jane M. Gervasio, Ann B. Cotton
Nutrition Support Therapy In Acute Kidney Injury: Distinguishing Dogma From Good Practice, Jane M. Gervasio, Ann B. Cotton
Jane M. Gervasio
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently observed complication in critically ill patients. Its presentation may range from the early risk of renal dysfunction to complete renal failure. Morbidity and mortality in the AKI patient increase with the decline of renal function. Appropriate nutrition therapy is essential in the medical management of the AKI patient. Assessment of nutritional requirements should take into account the patient’s underlying complication, comorbid medical conditions, and severity of the renal dysfunction. Various stages of AKI determine the direction of nutrition therapy. Additionally, understanding the macro- and micronutrient modifications and electrolyte and vitamin alterations that should …
Self-Assessed Proficiency And Application Of Various Skills Learned During Postgraduate Pharmacy Teaching Skills Development Programs, Anna Ratka, Paul O. Gubbins, Carol A. Motycka, Jane M. Gervasio, Mark S. Johnson, Ron W. Maddox
Self-Assessed Proficiency And Application Of Various Skills Learned During Postgraduate Pharmacy Teaching Skills Development Programs, Anna Ratka, Paul O. Gubbins, Carol A. Motycka, Jane M. Gervasio, Mark S. Johnson, Ron W. Maddox
Jane M. Gervasio
The purpose of this study was to identify teaching skills commonly taught during the postgraduate pharmacy teaching skills development programs, to describe trainees' perceived teaching proficiency, and the extent to which the learned teaching skills are applied in trainees' current positions. An online survey was developed for pharmacists who completed postgraduate teaching skills development programs. The survey included demographic and program queries as well as questions on 23 teaching skills. Participants self-assessed their proficiency in and application of their learned teaching skills. The online survey resulted in 122 qualified responses. After training, the perceived proficiency in nearly all 23 teaching …
Nutrition Support In Acute Kidney Injury, Jane M. Gervasio, Wesley P. Garmon, Michael Holowatyj
Nutrition Support In Acute Kidney Injury, Jane M. Gervasio, Wesley P. Garmon, Michael Holowatyj
Jane M. Gervasio
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication affecting many hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury often occurs in conjunction with critical illness, which is a hypermetabolic state presenting with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased protein catabolism. In addition to addressing these changes, the clinician should evaluate the important nutrition implications of decreased kidney function. These include vitamins, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and the presence and type of renal replacement therapy. Optimal nutrition management in acute kidney injury includes providing adequate macronutrient support to correct underlying conditions and prevent ongoing loss, supplementing micronutrients …
Compounding Vs Standardized Commercial Parenteral Nutrition Product: Pros And Cons, Jane M. Gervasio
Compounding Vs Standardized Commercial Parenteral Nutrition Product: Pros And Cons, Jane M. Gervasio
Jane M. Gervasio
Standardized commercial parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations have advantages and disadvantages as compared with PN formulations compounded using an automated compounding device. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with the supporting available research.
A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, Phil Ayers, Stephen Adams, Joseph Boullata, Jane M. Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe, Michael D. Kraft, Neil Marshall, Antoinette Neal, Gordon Sacks, David S. Seres, Patricia Worthington
A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, Phil Ayers, Stephen Adams, Joseph Boullata, Jane M. Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe, Michael D. Kraft, Neil Marshall, Antoinette Neal, Gordon Sacks, David S. Seres, Patricia Worthington
Jane M. Gervasio
Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy, categorized in the areas of PN prescribing, order review and verification, compounding, and administration. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with other A.S.P.E.N. …