Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Spatial, Temporal, And Demographic Patterns In Prevalence Of Smoking Tobacco Use And Attributable Disease Burden In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Marissa B. Reitsma, Parkes J. Kendrick, Emad Ababneh, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally.

Methods

We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health …

Disparities In Meeting Uspstf Breast, Cervical, And Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines Among Women In The United States, Gabriel A. Benavidez, Anja Zgodic, Whitney Zahnd, Jan Eberth

Faculty Publications

Introduction

Many sociodemographic factors affect women’s ability to meet cancer screening guidelines. Our objective was to examine which sociodemographic characteristics were associated with women meeting US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening.

Methods

We used 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to examine the association between sociodemographic variables, such as race/ethnicity, rurality, education, and insurance status, and self-reported cancer screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. We used multivariable log-binomial regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CIs.

Results

Overall, the proportion of women meeting USPSTF guidelines for breast, cervical, …

Impact Of Follow Up Blood Cultures On Outcomes Of Patients With Community-Onset Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection, Rajiv Amipara, Hana Rac Winders, Julie Ann Justo, P Brandon Bookstaver, Joseph Kohn, Majdi N. Al-Hasan

Faculty Publications

Background: The role of follow up blood cultures (FUBC) in the management of gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study examines the association between obtaining FUBC and mortality in GN-BSI. Methods: Hospitalized adults with community-onset GN-BSI at Prisma Health-Midlands hospitals in South Carolina, USA from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015 were identified. Patients who died or were discharged from hospital within 72 h were excluded to minimize impact of survival and selection biases on results, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine association between obtaining FUBC and 28-day all-cause mortality after adjustment …

Impact Of Follow Up Blood Cultures On Outcomes Of Patients With Community-Onset Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection, Rajiv Amipara, Hana Rac Winders, Julie Ann Justo, P. Brandon Bookstaver Pharm.D, Joseph Kohn, Majdi N. Al-Hasan

Faculty Publications

Background: The role of follow up blood cultures (FUBC) in the management of gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study examines the association between obtaining FUBC and mortality in GN-BSI.

Methods: Hospitalized adults with community-onset GN-BSI at Prisma Health-Midlands hospitals in South Carolina, USA from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015 were identified. Patients who died or were discharged from hospital within 72 h were excluded to minimize impact of survival and selection biases on results, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine association between obtaining FUBC and 28-day all-cause mortality after adjustment …

Relationship Between Diet Quality Scores And The Risk Of Frailty And Mortality In Adults Across A Wide Age Spectrum, Kulapong Jayanama, Olga Theou, Judith Godin, Leah Cahill, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James Hébert, Michael David Wirth Msph, Phd, Yong-Moon Park, Teresa T. Fung, Kenneth Rockwood

Faculty Publications

Background

Beyond intakes of total energy and individual nutrient, eating patterns may influence health, and thereby the risk of adverse outcomes. How different diet measures relate to frailty—a general measure of increased vulnerability to unfavorable health outcomes—and mortality risk, and how this might vary across the life course, is not known. We investigated the associations of five dietary indices (Nutrition Index (NI), the energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)) with frailty and mortality.

Methods

We included 15,249 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the 2007–2012 cohorts …