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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Effects Of Niacin In Human Vascular Endothelial Cells During Lipotoxicity, Jennifer M. Hughes-Large
Effects Of Niacin In Human Vascular Endothelial Cells During Lipotoxicity, Jennifer M. Hughes-Large
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Nicotinic acid (NA) can improve vascular function and regeneration independent of correcting dyslipidemia. NA, as a potential biosynthetic precursor for NAD+, may elicit these vascular benefits through SIRT-mediated NAD+-dependent responses. We hypothesized that NA improves endothelial cell function under lipotoxic conditions through NAD+-dependent pathways. Angiogenic function in excess palmitate was assessed by tube formation assay following treatment of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) with NA or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN; a direct NAD+ precursor). Both NA and NMN improved HMVEC angiogenic function during palmitate overload. Only NMN increased cellular NAD+ and SIRT1 activity, …
Fetal And Neonatal Exposure To Nicotine Augments Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis In Rat Offspring Long-Term, Noelle L. Ma
Fetal And Neonatal Exposure To Nicotine Augments Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis In Rat Offspring Long-Term, Noelle L. Ma
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
While nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is presumed to be a safer alternative to smoking in pregnancy, the long-term consequences in offspring are still largely unknown. Animal studies now suggest that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation (MNE-PL) leads to a wide variety of adverse outcomes for the offspring, including increased adiposity. The focus of this study was to investigate how MNE-PL in rats may lead to liver dysfunction long-term in offspring through alterations in gene expression and epigenetic modifications. Postnatal day 180 (PND180) offspring exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and lactation (1mg/kg/day) exhibited increased circulating and hepatic triglycerides concomitant …
Elongation Factor 1a-1 And Hepatocyte Response To Fatty Acid Excess, Alexandra M. Stoianov
Elongation Factor 1a-1 And Hepatocyte Response To Fatty Acid Excess, Alexandra M. Stoianov
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Obesity is associated with elevated levels of serum fatty acids, which accumulate in nonadipose tissues including the liver. Elongation factor 1A-1 (EF1A-1) has previously been shown to participate in the cell stress and death response of cardiomyocytes to excess saturated fatty exposure, and in steatotic mouse myocardium. In this thesis, the hypothesis that the hepatocyte response to fatty acid overload involves EF1A-1 was tested. EF1A-1 expression was induced in the livers of obese mice in association with severe hepatic steatosis, and in HepG2 human hepatoma cells in response to excess palmitate. Partial translocation of EF1A-1 from the ER to polymerized …