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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Functional Genomics Reveals An Essential And Specific Role For Stat1 In Protection Of The Central Nervous System Following Herpes Simplex Virus Corneal Infection, Tracy J. Pasieka, Cristian Cilloniz, Victoria S. Carter, Pamela Rosato, Michael G. Katze, David A. Leib
Functional Genomics Reveals An Essential And Specific Role For Stat1 In Protection Of The Central Nervous System Following Herpes Simplex Virus Corneal Infection, Tracy J. Pasieka, Cristian Cilloniz, Victoria S. Carter, Pamela Rosato, Michael G. Katze, David A. Leib
Dartmouth Scholarship
Innate immune deficiencies result in a spectrum of severe clinical outcomes following infection. In particular, there is a strong association between loss of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) pathway, breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and virus-induced neuropathology. The gene signatures that characterize resistance, disease, and mortality in the virus-infected nervous system have not been defined. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is commonly associated with encephalitis in humans, and humans and mice lacking Stat1 display increased susceptibility to HSV central nervous system (CNS) infections. In this study, two HSV-1 strains were used, KOS (wild type [WT]), …
Use Of Dried-Blood-Spot Samples And In-House Assays To Identify Antiretroviral Drug Resistance In Hiv-Infected Children In Resource-Constrained Settings, Carrie Ziemniak, Yohannes Mengistu, Andrea Ruff, Ya-Hui Chen, Leila Khaki, Abubaker Bedri, Birgitte B. Simen, Paul Palumbo
Use Of Dried-Blood-Spot Samples And In-House Assays To Identify Antiretroviral Drug Resistance In Hiv-Infected Children In Resource-Constrained Settings, Carrie Ziemniak, Yohannes Mengistu, Andrea Ruff, Ya-Hui Chen, Leila Khaki, Abubaker Bedri, Birgitte B. Simen, Paul Palumbo
Dartmouth Scholarship
Monitoring HIV drug resistance is an important component of the World Health Organization's global HIV program. HIV drug resistance testing is optimal with commercially available clinically validated test kits using plasma; however, that type of testing may not be feasible or affordable in resource-constrained settings. HIV genotyping from dried blood spots (DBS) with noncommercial (in-house) assays may facilitate the capture of HIV drug resistance outcomes in resource-constrained settings but has had varying rates of success. With in-house assays for HIV reverse transcriptase, we evaluated the yield of genotyping DBS samples collected from HIV-infected children who were enrolled in two clinical …
Coordinated Regulation By Agra, Sara, And Sarr To Control Agr Expression In Staphylococcus Aureus, Dindo Reyes, Diego O. Andrey, Antoinette Monod, William L. Kelley, Gongyi Zhang, Ambrose L. Cheung
Coordinated Regulation By Agra, Sara, And Sarr To Control Agr Expression In Staphylococcus Aureus, Dindo Reyes, Diego O. Andrey, Antoinette Monod, William L. Kelley, Gongyi Zhang, Ambrose L. Cheung
Dartmouth Scholarship
The agr locus of Staphylococcus aureus is composed of two divergent transcripts (RNAII and RNAIII) driven by the P2 and P3 promoters. The P2-P3 intergenic region comprises the SarA/SarR binding sites and the four AgrA boxes to which AgrA binds. We reported here the role of AgrA, SarA, and SarR on agr P2 and P3 transcription. Using real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and promoter fusion studies with selected single, double, triple, and complemented mutants, we showed that AgrA is indispensable to agr P2 and P3 transcription, whereas SarA activates and SarR represses P2 transcription. In vitro runoff transcription assays revealed that …
Characterization Of Vibrio Cholerae O1 El Tor Biotype Variant Clinical Isolates From Bangladesh And Haiti, Including A Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Virulence Genes, Mike S. Son, Christina J. Megli, Gabriela Kovacikova, Firdausi Qadri, Ronald K. Taylor
Characterization Of Vibrio Cholerae O1 El Tor Biotype Variant Clinical Isolates From Bangladesh And Haiti, Including A Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Virulence Genes, Mike S. Son, Christina J. Megli, Gabriela Kovacikova, Firdausi Qadri, Ronald K. Taylor
Dartmouth Scholarship
Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is divided into two biotypes: classical and El Tor. Both biotypes produce the major virulence factors toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT). Although possessing genotypic and phenotypic differences, El Tor biotype strains displaying classical biotype traits have been reported and subsequently were dubbed El Tor variants. Of particular interest are reports of El Tor variants that produce various levels of CT, including levels typical of classical biotype strains. Here, we report the characterization of 10 clinical isolates from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and …
Protection And Attachment Of Vibrio Cholerae Mediated By The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus In The Infant Mouse Model, Shelly J. Krebs, Ronald K. Taylor
Protection And Attachment Of Vibrio Cholerae Mediated By The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus In The Infant Mouse Model, Shelly J. Krebs, Ronald K. Taylor
Dartmouth Scholarship
Colonization of the human small intestine by Vibrio cholerae is an essential step in pathogenesis that requires the type IV toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). To date, three functions of TCP have been characterized: it serves as the CTXΦ receptor, secretes the colonization factor TcpF, and functions in microcolony formation by mediating bacterium-bacterium interactions. Although type IV pili in other pathogenic bacteria have been characterized as playing a major role in attachment to epithelial cells, there are very few studies to suggest that TCP acts as an attachment factor. Taking this into consideration, we investigated the function of TCP in attachment to …
Multilaboratory Evaluation Of Real-Time Pcr Tests For Hepatitis B Virus Dna Quantification, Angela M. Caliendo, Alexander Valsamakis, James W. Bremer, Andrea Ferreira-Gonzalez, Suzanne Granger, Linda Sabatini, Gregory J. Tsongalis
Multilaboratory Evaluation Of Real-Time Pcr Tests For Hepatitis B Virus Dna Quantification, Angela M. Caliendo, Alexander Valsamakis, James W. Bremer, Andrea Ferreira-Gonzalez, Suzanne Granger, Linda Sabatini, Gregory J. Tsongalis
Dartmouth Scholarship
The performance characteristics of four different assays for hepatitis B virus (HBV) quantification were assessed: the Abbott RealTime HBV IUO, the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HBV test, the Roche Cobas TaqMan HBV test with HighPure system, and the Qiagen artus HBV TM ASR. Limit of detection (LOD), linear range, reproducibility, and agreement were determined using a serially diluted plasma sample from a single chronically infected subject. Each assay was tested by at least three laboratories. The LOD of the RealTime and two TaqMan assays was approximately 1.0 log10 IU/ml; for artus HBV (which used the lowest volume of extracted …
Direct, Physically-Motivated Derivation Of The Contagion Condition For Spreading Processes On Generalized Random Networks, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Kameron Decker Harris, Joshua L. Payne
Direct, Physically-Motivated Derivation Of The Contagion Condition For Spreading Processes On Generalized Random Networks, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Kameron Decker Harris, Joshua L. Payne
Dartmouth Scholarship
For a broad range of single-seed contagion processes acting on generalized random networks, we derive a unifying analytic expression for the possibility of global spreading events in a straightforward, physically intuitive fashion. Our reasoning lays bare a direct mechanical understanding of an archetypal spreading phenomena that is not evident in circuitous extant mathematical approaches.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Of Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Rn4220, A Key Laboratory Strain Used In Virulence Research, Identifies Mutations That Affect Not Only Virulence Factors But Also The Fitness Of The Strain, Dhanalakshmi Nair, Guido Memmi, David Hernandez, Jonathan Bard, Marie Beaume, Steven Gill, Patrice Francois, Ambrose L. Cheung
Whole-Genome Sequencing Of Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Rn4220, A Key Laboratory Strain Used In Virulence Research, Identifies Mutations That Affect Not Only Virulence Factors But Also The Fitness Of The Strain, Dhanalakshmi Nair, Guido Memmi, David Hernandez, Jonathan Bard, Marie Beaume, Steven Gill, Patrice Francois, Ambrose L. Cheung
Dartmouth Scholarship
Staphylococcus aureus RN4220, a cloning intermediate, is sometimes used in virulence, resistance, and metabolic studies. Using whole-genome sequencing, we showed that RN4220 differs from NCTC8325 and contains a number of genetic polymorphisms that affect both virulence and general fitness, implying a need for caution in using this strain for such studies.
Β-Lactams Interfering With Pbp1 Induce Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Expression By Triggering Sara And Rot Global Regulators Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Oana Dumitrescu, Priya Choudhury, Sandrine Boisset, Cedric Badiou, Michele Bes, Yvonne Benito, Christiane Wolz, Francois Vandenesch, Jerome Etienne, Ambrose L. Cheung
Β-Lactams Interfering With Pbp1 Induce Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Expression By Triggering Sara And Rot Global Regulators Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Oana Dumitrescu, Priya Choudhury, Sandrine Boisset, Cedric Badiou, Michele Bes, Yvonne Benito, Christiane Wolz, Francois Vandenesch, Jerome Etienne, Ambrose L. Cheung
Dartmouth Scholarship
Previous articles reported that beta-lactam antibiotics increase the expression of Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) by activating its transcription. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the inductor effect of beta-lactams on PVL expression by determining targets and regulatory pathways possibly implicated in this process. We measured PVL production in the presence of oxacillin (nonselective), imipenem (penicillin-binding protein 1 [PBP1] selective), cefotaxime (PBP2 s