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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Temporal Trends In Tularemia Incidence In The United States From 2010 To 2020. Are Age And Sex Associated With These Changing Trends?, Carla V. Brooks
Temporal Trends In Tularemia Incidence In The United States From 2010 To 2020. Are Age And Sex Associated With These Changing Trends?, Carla V. Brooks
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Tularemia or Rabbit Fever was discovered in 1911 in a plague-like outbreak among rodents in Tulare County, California. Tularemia in the US has expanded from rural to more metropolitan areas, which may be potentially correlated with the escalating exposure of humans to animal vectors. There has not been a recent study evaluating trends in Tularemia, especially one that has evaluated if the trends in Tularemia over time differ by demographic characteristics. Methods: This is an ecological study to evaluate the temporal trends and if trends Tularemia incidence over time differs by age and sex in the United States from …
Impact Of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test On The Receipt Of Antimalarials Among Children Aged 6-59 Months In Nigeria From 2010 To 2021, Sandra Chibuzor Olisakwe
Impact Of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test On The Receipt Of Antimalarials Among Children Aged 6-59 Months In Nigeria From 2010 To 2021, Sandra Chibuzor Olisakwe
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Nigeria has the highest malaria burden globally, and antimalarials have been commonly used to treat malaria without parasitological confirmation. In 2012, Nigeria implemented RDTs to reduce use of antimalarials for those without malaria and to increase the use of artemisinin-combination therapies (ACTs) for malaria treatment. In this study, we examined trends in antimalarial receipt among children aged 6-59 months during a 12-year period of increasing RDT availability. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using nationally representative Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey (NMIS) data from 2010 (before RDT implementation), 2015, and 2021. NMIS surveys used histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)- based RDTs …
Social Vulnerability And Racial Disparities In Overall Survival Among Endometrial Cancer Patients, Alfonsus Adrian Hadikusumo Harsono
Social Vulnerability And Racial Disparities In Overall Survival Among Endometrial Cancer Patients, Alfonsus Adrian Hadikusumo Harsono
All ETDs from UAB
Introduction. Social vulnerability (SV) refers to potential negative effects on communities caused by external stresses on human health. The CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) scores communities on 15 social indicators in 4 themes: (1) socioeconomic status (SES), (2) household composition and disability, (3) minority status and language, and (4) housing type and transportation. An overall score ranging from 0 (least vulnerable) to 1 (most vulnerable) is calculated to estimate vulnerability. We investigated whether SV as measured by the SVI can explain why black endometrial cancer (EC) patients survive less well than do white EC patients. Methods. We studied the survival …
Acute Placental Inflammation And Growth Outcomes In Preterm Infants, Emily Gunawan
Acute Placental Inflammation And Growth Outcomes In Preterm Infants, Emily Gunawan
All ETDs from UAB
Background. Acute placental inflammation (API) has been associated with various adverse outcomes in preterm infants. However, little is known about how API affects their body composition and growth outcomes. This study aims to examine the association between API and growth outcomes in preterm infants. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of mother-infant dyads born < 326/7 weeks of gestation with fat mass (FM) accretion measured using air displacement plethysmography at term-equivalent age. API severity including maternal inflammatory response (MIR) and fetal inflammatory response (FIR) was staged according to criteria by Society for Pediatric Pathology based on placental pathology reports. We examined the differences in characteristics of mother-infant dyads by API severity using ANOVA or the Kruskall-Wallis test. The association between API severity and growth outcomes was analyzed using linear regression models and adjusted for statistically significant confounders. Mediation analyses were used to study the direct and indirect association of API and growth outcomes via gestational age. Results. Among 375 mother-infant dyads analyzed, 104 (28%) dyads had MIR. FIR was found in 82% of dyads with MIR. Adjusted models indicated that API severity progression was positively associated with FM accretion. Gestational age partially (49%) iv mediated the association between API severity and FM z score (indirect effect: b=0.12, 95% CI: 0.05-0.19; direct effect: b=0.12, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25). Conclusions. API severity is associated with growth outcomes and helps to accurately predict body composition in preterm infants.
The Effect Of Weather Events On Dengue Fever In Brazil 2014-2022, Maryclare Gabel
The Effect Of Weather Events On Dengue Fever In Brazil 2014-2022, Maryclare Gabel
All ETDs from UAB
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is spread through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito. Half the world's population lives in a dengue fever risk zone. There are an estimated 100 million symptomatic dengue fever cases each year, with 40,000 deaths reported. Brazil reports the highest annual dengue fever cases in Latin America. In 2022, Brazil recorded 2.36 million dengue fever cases, the highest number of cases ever recorded in the country. We designed a retrospective ecological study to evaluate the temporal trends and the association between weather events and dengue fever incidence …