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The Role Of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor In The Behavior And Proinflammatory Activity Of Separated Guinea Pig Pups, Vincent Rasahd Alexander
The Role Of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor In The Behavior And Proinflammatory Activity Of Separated Guinea Pig Pups, Vincent Rasahd Alexander
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Isolation of guinea pig pups in a novel environment first produces active behaviors such as vocalizing and movement; over time, these behaviors wane and pups show characteristic passive responses similar to those produced by increased proinflammatory activity. Further, isolation of pups on two consecutive days has recently been shown to enhance those passive responses on the second day. Endogenous proinflammatory activity is thought to mediate the enhancement (sensitization). An injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been shown to increase passive behavior, possibly by increasing proinflammatory activity. The present study further investigated the role of CRF on proinflammatory activity and behavior …
Maturation Of The Carotid Body Oxygen-Sensor During Rat Development, Julia Paulet
Maturation Of The Carotid Body Oxygen-Sensor During Rat Development, Julia Paulet
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Carotid bodies (CB) are paired, oxygen-sensing organs located in the bifurcation of the carotid artery that act as peripheral chemoreceptors in the detection of hypoxic, hypercapnic and acidotic levels in the arterial blood. CBs respond to these fluctuations in blood gases by initiating firing of the carotid sinus nerve. This ultimately results in the appropriate ventilatory change to restore blood gases to their physiological levels. Studies have shown that the hypoxic response of the carotid body in juvenile mammals is low, but as maturation occurs this response is strengthened and clearly exhibited in adults. One theory suggests mitochondria play a …
Effects Of Elevated Glucocorticoid Levels On Dentate Gyrus Development, Zachary Dale Vallandingham
Effects Of Elevated Glucocorticoid Levels On Dentate Gyrus Development, Zachary Dale Vallandingham
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Exogenous glucocorticoids are commonly used in modern medications and animal studies examining the effects of glucocorticoids on the developing brain report inconsistent results. Recent reports have questioned the reliability of available drug delivery methods in mice (Herrmann et al., 2009). In our laboratory, variable behavioral results using trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) suggest that we may be having similar problems delivering glucoroticoids to developing rat pups (Claflin et al., 2005, 2011). Subcutaneous pellets and osmotic minipumps resulted in impaired learning during trace eyeblink conditioning whereas subcutaneous injection of corticosterone (CORT) resulted in facilitation of learning on the same task. One of …
Electrical Brain Stimulation And Depressive-Like Behavior In Guinea Pigs, Nadia Kardegar
Electrical Brain Stimulation And Depressive-Like Behavior In Guinea Pigs, Nadia Kardegar
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Maternal separation in guinea pigs produces a biphasic response consisting of an active behavior phase (vocalizations and locomotor activity) followed by a phase of passive depressive-like behavior (crouched stance, piloerection, and eye closure). The mechanism for the transition from the active to the passive phase is unknown. One suggestion is that continual activity of neural circuitry producing active behavior eventually leads to the expression of passive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to test this possibility. Guinea pigs were assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received daily stimulation of the bed nucleus stria terminalis (BNST) to …
Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Taurine Release From The Hippocampus During Oxidative Stress, Brian Christopher Tucker
Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Taurine Release From The Hippocampus During Oxidative Stress, Brian Christopher Tucker
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Oxidative stress is an important result of cerebral ischemia and has been directly linked to hippocampal swelling and cytotoxic brain edema in vitro. Swollen brain cells activate volume regulatory mechanisms including a significant efflux of the endogenous sulfonic amino acid taurine via volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). Studies in brain slice preparations also suggest that the excitatory amino acid glutamate plays an important role in both brain tissue swelling and in cell volume regulation. We examined relationships between oxidative stress, glutamate receptor activation, cell swelling, and volume regulation in acutely prepared slices of rat hippocampus. Our results indicate that the release …
Influence Of Daily Electrical Stimulation Of Periaqueductal Grey On Vocalization And Depressive-Like Behavior During Separation In Guinea Pigs, Jennifer Dazey
Influence Of Daily Electrical Stimulation Of Periaqueductal Grey On Vocalization And Depressive-Like Behavior During Separation In Guinea Pigs, Jennifer Dazey
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Maternal separation has been shown to promote the onset of depression. This early life stressor produces a biphasic response marked by an active "protest" phase followed by a passive "despair" phase in humans as well as several other species. In infant guinea pigs, active phase behaviors include increased locomotion and species-typical distress vocalizations, whereas the passive phase is marked by depressive-like behaviors including a crouched stance, eye-closure and extensive piloerection. The mechanism underlying the transition from one phase to the next is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if daily stimulation of the neural pathway initiating …