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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Role Of Igf-1 In Geriatric Skin, Amber Castellanos
The Role Of Igf-1 In Geriatric Skin, Amber Castellanos
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Keratinocytes are cells that largely occupy the epidermis layer of our skin and function to protect against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation. Keratinocytes rely on the activation of the IGF-1 receptor in order to carry out an appropriate response to UV-B radiation. Keratinocytes themselves do not express the IGF-1 ligand; IGF-1 is produced by fibroblasts found in the dermis layer of the skin. With age, fibroblasts become senescent and this interferes with their ability to produce IGF-1 for the epidermal IGF-1R. This occurrence may aid in understanding why geriatric individuals are at greatest risk for developing nonmelanoma skin cancers, …
Impact Of Passive Range Of Motion Exercises And Stretching In Knee Osteoarthritis Pain During Walking, Dominique Marchelle Ottonello
Impact Of Passive Range Of Motion Exercises And Stretching In Knee Osteoarthritis Pain During Walking, Dominique Marchelle Ottonello
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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), is globally prevalent source of disability for the elderly. This degenerative malady progresses with age and has no cure. It manifests in gait changes and affects overall quality of life. Exercise therapy has been shown to improve knee joint range of motion, stiffness and pain due to KOA. This improvement is due in part to the direct relationship between muscle strength and joint stability. The purpose of this study is to examine how a passive range of motion (ROM) exercises and stretching regimens affect gait-alterations and associated pain from KOA experienced during walking. Nine KOA subjects were …
Assessment Of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (Pcasl) Inter-Session Reliability In The Quantification Of Cerebral Perfusion, Mohammad Ahmad Awad
Assessment Of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (Pcasl) Inter-Session Reliability In The Quantification Of Cerebral Perfusion, Mohammad Ahmad Awad
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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a completely non-ionizing and non invasive fashion. ASL is useful in perfusion studies on healthy adult & pediatric subjects, individuals who need multiple follow-ups, and patients with varying cerebrovascular diseases where changes in CBF can be used as an indicator of tissue viability. We used a variation of the ASL technique known as pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL). This form of ASL is the clinical standard (Alsop et al., 2015). However, it is not well documented the that pCASL is reliable between sessions …
Social Buffering By Unfamiliar Adult Males In Periadolescent Guinea Pigs: The Effects On Hpa Axis Activity And Fos Induction In The Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Alexander Bertke
Social Buffering By Unfamiliar Adult Males In Periadolescent Guinea Pigs: The Effects On Hpa Axis Activity And Fos Induction In The Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Alexander Bertke
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In the guinea pig, the ability of the mother’s presence to buffer hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis activation in her young during exposure to stressful stimuli has been well documented. Under similar testing conditions, other conspecifics (littermates, other adult females) are less effective in doing so. The effect does seem to wane with age but is still present to a significant degree in offspring approaching adolescence. However, we recently observed that an unfamiliar adult male buffered HPA axis activation and increased Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex of preweaning infants exposed to a novel enclosure at both 60 and 120 minutes …
Effect Of Hybrid/Complex N-Glycosylation On Cardiac Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Expression, Austin R. Parrish
Effect Of Hybrid/Complex N-Glycosylation On Cardiac Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Expression, Austin R. Parrish
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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one the most common forms of heart failure, with the majority of cases being idiopathic. Dr. Bennett’s laboratory previously showed that deletion of the Mgat1 gene in cardiomyocytes only (Mgat1KO) is sufficient to cause DCM leading to heart failure and early death. The Mgat1 gene product, GlcNAcT1, is responsible for initiating the formation of hybrid/complex N-glycosylation. These data suggest a link between abnormal glycosylation and heart disease; however, there is a mystery of how the specific changes in glycosylation contribute to heart disease etiology and progression. The proper function and gating of voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav) …
The Effect Of Soleus Fatigue During Sidestep Cutting Maneuvers: Implications For The Acl, Michael William Ciesa
The Effect Of Soleus Fatigue During Sidestep Cutting Maneuvers: Implications For The Acl, Michael William Ciesa
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The soleus muscle is a monoarticular plantarflexor composed slow-twitch fatigue-resistant muscle fibers. Through its attachment to the proximal tibia, contraction of the soleus muscle in a closed kinetic chain (when the foot is planted) produces a posterior pulling force on the posterior proximal tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is responsible for preventing anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Through the production of a posterior pulling force on the tibia, soleus muscle contraction in a closed kinetic chain could help reduce strain on the ACL. Fatigue is a neuromuscular phenomenon that can alter biomechanical strategies during athletics …
The Influence Of Static Stretching Of Knee Flexors On Knee Biomechanics, Joshua David Perrin
The Influence Of Static Stretching Of Knee Flexors On Knee Biomechanics, Joshua David Perrin
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There is a greater incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female athletes compared to males. The higher rate of ACL injury in female athletes is most likely multifactorial and is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. This study examines the effects of an extrinsic factor — static stretching of the hamstrings on knee biomechanics. Twelve female athletes performed drop vertical jump (DVJ) tasks before and after a hamstrings static stretching protocol. Knee kinematics and kinetics were recorded during the contact phase of the DVJ. The results of this study revealed stretching had no significant effect on …
Analysis Of Stretch Reflex Responses In Mice Lacking Munc18-1 In Proprioceptors, Amr Mohi
Analysis Of Stretch Reflex Responses In Mice Lacking Munc18-1 In Proprioceptors, Amr Mohi
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The monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit is one of the simplest circuits of the central nervous system. We studied the connection between Ia proprioceptive afferents and motor neurons that comprise the circuit, by stimulating the dorsal root and recording from the ventral root of the fourth lumbar spinal nerve. In our study, we analyzed the status of neurotransmission in the stretch reflex circuit in postnatal PV-cre; munc18-1 lox/lox conditional mutant mice. Munc18-1 is responsible for synaptic vesicular release in neurons. In the PV-cre; Munc18-1 lox/lox mutants we use, Munc18-1 is only knocked out in proprioceptive afferents and A-beta somatosensory afferents, both …
Effects Of Abstraction And Assumptions On Modeling Motoneuron Pool Output, John Michael Allen
Effects Of Abstraction And Assumptions On Modeling Motoneuron Pool Output, John Michael Allen
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Computational modeling has long been used in neuroscience as a supplement to more traditional experimental techniques, as it provides some advantages in terms of the level and detail of control available over the system being studied. At the same time, modeling has significant disadvantages by virtue of adding additional uncertainty to results and forcing the definition of potentially unclear physiological mechanisms. Nevertheless, modeling can provide useful insights when carefully defined and constrained. In this thesis, a model of the a-MN pool innervating the cat medial gastrocnemius was constructed. This model was then used to address two major questions, one regarding …
The Influence Of Age At Menarche And Hamstrings Fatigue On Knee Biomechanics, Stephanie Eileen Field
The Influence Of Age At Menarche And Hamstrings Fatigue On Knee Biomechanics, Stephanie Eileen Field
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is 4-8 times more likely to occur in females than in males and is associated with significant morbidity. The mechanism underlying the gender disparity in non-contact ACL injuries is likely multifactorial, and may be influenced by a variety of risk factors. This study examines the influence of age at menarche and neuromuscular fatigue of the hamstrings muscles on knee biomechanics. Twelve female athletes performed drop vertical jump (DVJ) tasks before and after a fatiguing protocol utilizing a glute-ham bench. Knee kinematics and kinetics were recorded during the contact phase of the DVJ. The results of …
Translocation And Phosphorylation Of Ampa Receptors Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation In Vivo, Justin Andrew Stafford
Translocation And Phosphorylation Of Ampa Receptors Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation In Vivo, Justin Andrew Stafford
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is the current technique used clinically to attenuate the effects of various neurological related deficits and augment functions such as memory and learning. The cellular and molecular mechanisms behind tDCS remain largely unknown and this study provides some of the first insights into the mechanisms behind tDCS. Direct current stimulation has been used to increase levels of long term potentiation (LTP) ex vivo suggesting that this stimulation has an effect on the LTP mechanisms of action. Subcellular protein extraction and fractionation methods were used to isolate synaptoneurosomes from various brain regions to assess the effects …
The Timing Of Fluoxetine, Simvastatin And Ascorbic Acid Administration In A Post-Ischemic Stroke Environment Affects Infarct Volume And Hemorrhagic Transformation Frequency, Neal R. Verma
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Previous animal experiments have indicated that administration of fluoxetine and simvastatin at 20-26 hours post-stroke decreases the volume of ischemic infarcts. This experiment expanded on previous experiments by adding ascorbic acid to the post-stroke regimen, initiating simvastatin pre-stroke, and adding a third initiation time frame (48-54 hours). Male retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were on simvastatin for 7 days prior to stroke induction. Combined medications of 5 milligrams/kilogram of fluoxetine, 1 milligram/kilogram of simvastatin and 20 milligrams/kilogram of ascorbic acid were orally administered at 6-12 hours, 20-26 hours, or 48-54 hours, respectively, following stroke induction. Adult rats that were treated 20-26 …