Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Maximizing Data Quality And Shortening Survey Time: Three-Form Planned Missing Data Survey Design, E. Whitney G. Moore, Kyle M. Lang, Elizabeth M. Grandfield

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Simulation studies have shown the three-form planned missing data design efficiently collects high quality data while reducing participant burden. This methodology is rarely used in sport and exercise psychology. Therefore, we conducted a re-sampling study with existing sport and exercise psychology survey data to test how three-form planned missing data survey design implemented with different item distribution approaches effect constructs’ internal measurement structure and validity. Results supported the efficacy of the three-form planned missing data survey design for cross-sectional data collection. Sample sizes of at least 300 (i.e., 100 per form) are recommended for having unbiased parameter estimates. It is …

Psychosocial Climates Differentially Predict 12- To 14-Year-Old Competitive Soccer Players’ Goal Orientations, E. Whitney G. Moore, Karen Weiller-Abels

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Youth’s likelihood of participating in sport increases when they maintain a focus on enjoyment, learning, and effort (i.e., task goal orientation) rather than how they compare to others and norms (i.e., ego goal orientation). Achievement goal theory research consistently illustrates the significant influence of leader-created motivational climates on their participants’ goal orientation adoption. However, the influence of caring climate perceptions by highly competitive adolescent athletes on their goal orientation adoption has yet to be examined. Thus, this study assessed how competitive, adolescent soccer players’ perceptions of the climate as caring, task-, and ego-involving predicted their adoption of task and ego …

Michigan Food Insecurity, Food Access, And Food Worries During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Alyssa W. Beavers, Michelle M. Litton

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, And Combination In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19, Samia Arshad, Paul Kilgore, Zohra S. Chaudhry, Gordon Jacobsen, Dee Dee Wang, Kylie Huitsing, Indira Brar, George J. Alangaden, Mayur S. Ramesh, John E. Mckinnon, William O'Neill, Marcus Zervos, Henry Ford Covid-19 Task Force

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Significance: The United States is in an acceleration phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently there is no known effective therapy or vaccine for treatment of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting urgency around identifying effective therapies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of hydroxychloroquine therapy alone and in combination with azithromycin in hospitalized patients positive for COVID-19.

Design: Multi-center retrospective observational study.

Setting: The Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) in Southeast Michigan: large six hospital integrated health system; the largest of hospitals is an 802-bed quaternary academic teaching hospital in urban Detroit, Michigan.

Participants: Consecutive patients hospitalized with a …

A Sound Approach: Hydroxychloroquine Reduces Mortality In Severe Covid-19, Marcus Zervos, Samia Arshad, Paul Kilgore, Zohra S. Chaudhry, Gordon Jacobsen, Dee Dee Wang, Kylie Huitsing, Indira Brar, George J. Alangaden, Mayur S. Ramesh, John E. Mckinnon, William O'Neill

Department of Pharmacy Practice

No abstract provided.

Initial And Repeated Point Prevalence Surveys To Inform Sars-Cov-2 Infection Prevention In 26 Skilled Nursing Facilities - Detroit, Michigan, March-May 2020, Guillermo V. Sanchez, Caitlin Bierdon, Lauren R. Fink, Kelly M. Hatfield, Jordan Micah F. Polistico, Monica P. Meyers, Rebecca S. Noe, Casey E. Copen, Amanda K. Lyons, Gonzalo Gonzalez, Keith Kiama, Mark Lebednick, Bonnie K. Caander, Amen Agbonze, Aimee R. Surma, Avnish Sandhu, Valerie H. Mika, Tyler Prentiss, John Zervos, Donia A. Dalal, Amber M. Vasquez, Sujan C. Reddy, John Jernigan, Paul E. Kilgore, Marcus J. Zervos, Teena Chopra, Carla P. Bezold, Najibah K. Rehman

Department of Pharmacy Practice

No abstract provided.

Trends In Legionnaires' Disease-Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 2006-2010, Gayathri Mudali, Paul E. Kilgore, Abdulbaset Salim, Shawn P. Mcelmurry, Marcus Zervos

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background: Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne cause of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is responsible for 80% of infections. There is currently limited published disease burden data on Legionnaires' disease-associated hospitalization in the United States.

Methods: In this study, we estimated the annual incidence of Legionnaires' disease-associated hospitalizations in United States and identified demographic, temporal, and regional characteristics of individuals hospitalized for Legionnaires' disease. A retrospective study was conducted using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data from 2006 to 2010. The NHDS is a nationally representative US survey, which includes estimates of inpatient stays in …

Detroit Food Metrics Report 2019, Alex B. Hill

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

This report provides a snapshot of data and information on Detroit’s food system as well as trends over time. The report includes a broad range of programs and initiatives that local organizations, the Detroit Food Policy Council, and the City of Detroit are undertaking to address food insecurity, increase healthy food access and awareness, and support a more sustainable and just food system.

Four Health Science Librarians’ Experiences: How They Responded To The Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis, Misa Mi, Yingting Zhang, Lin Wu, Wendy Wu

Library Scholarly Publications

In this article, four health sciences librarians from four academic libraries across the country will share their personal or library experiences in reaching out to faculty and students to meet their needs through their initiatives and continuous efforts using various technologies and tools. Three of the four academic libraries are located in two COVID-19 hard-hit states, Michigan and New Jersey. The article will describe their practice of health sciences librarianship during the unprecedented time and provide examples demonstrating how each of them strives to stay relevant, proactive, and become integral to their institutional efforts in support of students and employees …

Toxic Structures: Speculation And Lead Exposure In Detroit's Single-Family Rental Market, Alexa Eisenberg, Eric Seymour, Alex B. Hill, Joshua Akers

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

Foreclosure sales permitted investors to purchase large volumes of low-cost residential properties after the last financial crisis, reshaping patterns of property ownership in low-income housing markets across the US. This study links post-foreclosure property acquisitions by investor-landlords to subsequent lead poisoning cases among children under age six living in Detroit, Michigan. We find that the odds of exhibiting elevated blood lead levels (≥ 5 μg/dL) are higher for children living in investor-owned homes purchased through tax foreclosure sale. These findings highlight the potential for property speculation in post-foreclosure housing markets to exacerbate severe and racialized burdens of excess lead toxicity …

Strength And Conditioning Coaches' Perceptions Of Sport Psychology Strategies, Alessandro Quartiroli, Erin Whitney Grandy Moore, Rebecca A. Zakrajsek

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) hold a central role in the development of student-athletes. Although they certainly focus on student-athletes' physical skill development, SCCs are in an ideal position to integrate mental skills into their strength and conditioning sessions. For example, sport psychology (SP) strategies can be used within strength and conditioning sessions to assist in athlete exercise execution by regulating arousal, improving concentration, confidence, as well as improve self-correction through self-talk and imagery. The purpose of this study was to assess collegiate SCCs' use of SP skills/strategies. A total sample of 415 SCCs (19.7% return rate) across the United …

The Impact Of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms On Outcomes In Patients With Diabetic Foot Infections, Oryan Henig, Jason M. Pogue, Emily Martin, Umar Hayat, Mahmoud Ja'ara, Paul E. Kilgore, Raymond Cha, Sorab Dhar, Keith S. Kaye

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are important diabetic foot infection (DFI) pathogens. This study evaluated the impact of DFIs associated with MDRO pathogens (DFI-MDRO) on clinical outcomes.

Methods. Adults admitted to Detroit Medical Center from January 2012 to December 2015 with culture-positive DFI were included. Associations between outcomes and DFI-MDRO (evaluated as a single group that included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporin [3GCR-EC], Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were analyzed. Outcomes included above- and below-knee lower extremity amputation (LEA), readmissions, and mortality within a year after DFI. A propensity score predicting the likelihood …

The Population Health Outcomes And Information Exchange (Phoenix) Program - A Transformative Approach To Reduce The Burden Of Chronic Disease, Steven J. Korzeniewski, Carla Bezold, Jason T. Carbone, Shooshan Danagoulian, Bethany Foster, Dawn Misra, Maher M. El-Masri, Dongxiao Zhu, Robert Welch, Lauren Meloche, Alex B. Hill, Phillip Levy

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

This concept article introduces a transformative vision to reduce the population burden of chronic disease by focusing on data integration, analytics, implementation and community engagement. Known as PHOENIX (The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information EXchange), the approach leverages a state level health information exchange and multiple other resources to facilitate the integration of clinical and social determinants of health data with a goal of achieving true population health monitoring and management. After reviewing historical context, we describe how multilevel and multimodal data can be used to facilitate core public health services, before discussing the controversies and challenges that lie ahead.

Is Photoacoustic Imaging Clinically Safe: Evaluation Of Possible Thermal Damage Due To Laser-Tissue Interaction, Hailey Olds, Darius Mehregan, Karl Kratiewicz, Rayyan Manwar, Qiuyun Xu, Shirya Reddy, Sadreddin Mahmoodkayayeh, Kamran Avanaki

Medical Student Research Symposium

Photoacoustic imaging is a breakthrough imaging modality that combines the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging with the contrast of optical imaging. This imaging technique is being pushed towards clinical acceptance for many applications, such as noninvasive diagnosis and management of a multitude of neoplastic lesions. However, a rigorous evaluation of the tissue thermal response to the laser illumination is required prior to the clinical translation. In this study, we assessed the temperature rise profile and microstructural damage of the skin due to the laser-tissue interaction using in-vivo mouse models. We compared the effect of two different laser frequencies (10 Hz …

Trends In The Sources Of Endophthalmitis At Kresge Eye Institute, Anita Vaishampayan, Kresge Eye Institute

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose

Endophthalmitis is a defined as a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids, namely the vitreous and aqueous humor. Endophthalmitis most commonly develops from infection, but can also be acquired from inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. We sought to determine these sources at our institute and to look for trends in our urban population.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients who attended the Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, MI between 2003 to 2018 was performed. Patient list was identified from our EMR using the diagnoses codes related endophthalmitis. Information gathered included demographics, type of tissue/fluid cultured, the presumed source of …

Management Of Childhood Migraine By Headache Specialist Versus Non-Headache Specialists, Kelly Valentini, Radhika Gutta, Gunjanpreet Kaur, Ahmad Farooqi, Lalitha Sivaswamy

Medical Student Research Symposium

This study aims to compare the management practices of a headache specialist with non-headache specialists in the treatment of pediatric migraine. The use of appropriate rescue medications and prophylactic agents, application of neuro-imaging, and short-term outcomes are compared in children treated by the two groups of physicians. A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing the electronic medical records of children 3-18 years of age with migraine, who were evaluated at a tertiary care children’s hospital from 2016-2018. Of the 849 patients that met the study criteria, 469 were classified as having chronic migraine or high-frequency episodic migraine and were followed …

Comparison Of Pre- And Post-Operative Shoulder Muscle Emg Profiles In Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Patients, Emily Lau, Sreten Franovic, Noah Kuhlmann, Eric C. Makhni Md, Stephanie Muh Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Deltoid muscle function is central in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) function; however, there is limited information available regarding changes in deltoid activity before and after surgery. Few tests exist to evaluate specific muscle metrics pre and post operatively. Surface Electromyographic (EMG) is non-invasive and allows for observation of motions with multifaceted analysis of movement with minimal patient demand. Understanding the changes in shoulder muscle activation, namely in the deltoid, in patients pre and post-RTSA can further advance understanding of the procedure and rehabilitation efforts.

Methods: Nine individuals were recruited for this study: all patients underwent RTSA by a …

Recommendation For The Enrollment Of Hydrocephalus Patients In Children's Special Health Care Services, Jacob Gluski, Paul Zajciw, Prashant Hariharan, Carolyn Harris

Medical Student Research Symposium

Recommendation for the Enrollment of Hydrocephalus Patients in Children's Special Health Care Services

Background: Pediatric hydrocephalus is a devastating and costly disease. The mainstay of treatment is surgical shunting of cerebrospinal fluid. These shunts fail at a high rate. The relationship between clinical decision making and shunt failure is poorly understood and multifactorial. Treatment paradigms have changed little since the 1980s. In order to investigate factors that affect outcomes, we have established the Wayne State University shunt biobank.

Methods: Children's Hospital of Michigan is one of the participating centers in our biobank and has enrolled 73 patients from whom we …

A Technology-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention For Foster Youth: Initial Reactions, Michael James Franklin Jr, Jordan Braciszewski

Medical Student Research Symposium

While nearly one in three foster youth smoke daily, there is minimal screening and treatment in this population. Interventions that are accessible and engaging are needed to help reduce this health disparity.

This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a smoking cessation treatment (iHeLP) delivered via computers and mobile phones among weekly cigarette smokers leaving foster care (ages 18 to 20). After study completion, we interviewed participants from the intervention (n=18) and control (n=17) groups. Interview themes included how participants felt the program worked/did not work, suggested changes, and perceived barriers to quitting. Transcripts were independently coded by two …

Mixed-Lineage Kinase-3 (Mlk3) Plays A Negative Modulatory Role In Insulin Secretion From The Pancreatic Β-Cell, Tyler Russeth, Vijayalakshmi Thamilselvan, Anjaneyulu Kowluru

Medical Student Research Symposium

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the pancreatic β-cell in response to elevated levels of glucose is controlled by a variety of signals including intracellular calcium and nucleotides such as cAMP, ATP and GTP. These cellular signals are responsible for activation of specific kinases that mediate phosphorylation of key exocytotic proteins that lead to GSIS. In the context of protein kinases, mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) have been implicated in an assortment of cellular functions, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, very little is known on potential regulatory roles of MLKs in islet β-cell function, including GSIS. The goal of this study is …

Assessment And Management Of Adult Preoperative Anxiety: A Survey Of The Anesthesiologist Perspective, Arif Musa, Jeffrey C. Wang, Rana Movahedi, David Safani, Christopher Cooke, Syed F. Hussain, Jahan Tajran, Shafi Hamid, Gligor Gucev

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety often goes unaccounted for in the surgical setting. Given that anesthesiologists are routinely involved in perioperative care, this study was performed to assess anesthesiologists’ views of adult preoperative anxiety assessment and management. Methods: Active members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) were sent an online questionnaire. Survey items included demographic information in addition to questions about measurement of preoperative anxiety, management of anxiety, and which entities were allocated responsibility to reduce patient anxiety. Data were collected from February to March 2019. Results: Of 3,661 respondents, most asked their patients about preoperative anxiety (n=2332, …

Medical Students Using Cadavers For Procedural Simulation Education, Rosa Moore Md, Paul Walker Phd, Bryant Hansen Bs, Brian Reed Bs, Nana Ama Baffoe Msc, Sarkis Kouyoumjian Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Cadaver dissection remains integrated into the curriculum of numerous medical schools. Aspiring physicians acquire the opportunity to work directly with the human body, which is intricate and tangible, yet have minimal exposure to certain procedural skills applicable­­ to patient care during the first year of their medical training. Our aim was to incorporate the cadaver as part of a process to introduce procedures to a class of first year medical students in order to improve their confidence and skill in performing these procedures in patients.

Methods: During medical gross anatomy at Wayne State University School of Medicine, three workshops …

Ultrasound-Guided Out-Of-Plane (Oop) Adductor Canal Continuous Catheter Placement Compared To In-Plane (Ip) Placement In Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Single Blinded, Pilot Clinical Trial, Sandeep H. Krishnan M.D., Carter Batista M.D, Samir Patel M.D., Farhad Ghoddoussi Phd, Kaveh Nabavigahadi M.D., Brendan Lynch B.S.

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Adductor canal continuous catheters (ACCCs) have largely replaced femoral nerve continuous catheters for providing analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Both have similar analgesic efficacy, but ACCCs preserve quadricep strength and facilitate patient mobility more quickly. We hypothesized that placing the ACCC using an out of-plane (OOP) technique would decrease pain scores and opioid use due to parallel alignment with the saphenous nerve when compared to the in-plane (IP) technique. Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized to either the IP or OOP technique for ultrasound-guided ACCC. The primary outcomes of the investigation were hospital length of stay, …

Inflammatory Markers In Bicuspid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Molly N. Pantelic, Paul Nona, Dee Dee Wang

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background

Aortic stenosis (AS) has a prevalence of 2%. Valve replacement is the definitive treatment for AS, with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) offering a minimally invasive alternative to surgery.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality. BAV patients are predisposed to AS, and comprise a distinct, younger TAVR patient population. Given limited prior work on inflammatory markers for TAVR risk assessment, this study sought to investigate if white blood cell count (WBC) correlates with BAV TAVR patient severity and post-TAVR outcomes.

Methods

A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on patients with BAV who underwent TAVR …

Effect Of Socioeconomic Status And Comorbidities On Thyroid Cancer Survival Outcomes, Daniel Quan, Andrea Plawecki Md, Ayaka Iwata Md, Meredith Van Harn Ms, Amy Williams Phd, Steven Chang Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose/Objectives: Thyroid cancer ranks among the most common head and neck malignancies and makes up 3% of new cancer cases per year, having increased in overall incidence in the last several decades. This study investigates patient characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), and medical comorbidities as independent predictors of survival in patients with thyroid cancer, treated at a tertiary care hospital with a diverse, primarily low SES patient population.

Materials/Methods: The Henry Ford Health System’s Virtual Data Warehouse Tumor Registry was used to identify patients with thyroid cancers from 1997 to 2016. Socioeconomic data was obtained from 2010 US Census. Comorbidities were …

Atrx Loss In Pediatric Glioma Results In Epigenetic Dysregulation Of G2/M Checkpoint Maintenance And Sensitivity To Atm Inhibition, Brendan Mullan, Tingting Qin, Ruby Siada, Carla Danussi, Jacqueline Brosnan-Cashman, Drew Pratt, Taylor Garcia, Viveka Nand Yadav, Xinyi Zhao, Meredith Morgan, Sriram Venneti, Alan Meeker, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro, Carl Koschmann

Medical Student Research Symposium

ATRX is a histone chaperone protein recurrently mutated in pediatric glioma. The mechanism which mediates the proliferative advantage of ATRX loss in pediatric glioma remains unexplained. Recent data revealed a distinct pattern of DNA binding sites of the ATRX protein using ChIP-seq in mouse neuronal precursor cells (mNPCs). Using the ATRX peaks identified in p53^-/- mNPCs, we confirmed that ATRX binding sites were significantly enriched in gene promoters (p < 0.0001) and CpG islands (p < 0.0001) compared with random regions. Gene set enrichment (GSE) analysis identified that cell cycle and regulation of cell cycle were among the most significantly enriched gene sets (p=2.52e-16 and 1.61e-9, respectively). We found that ATRX loss resulted in dysfunction of G2/M checkpoint maintenance: (1) ATRX-deficient pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) cells exhibited a seven-fold increase in mitotic index at 16 hours after sub-lethal radiation, and (2) murine GBM cells with ATRX knockdown demonstrated impaired pChk1 signaling on western blot at multiple time points after radiation compared to controls (p=0.0187). Notably, the ATM signaling (pChk2) remained intact in those cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target. ATRX-deficient mouse cells were uniquely sensitive to ATM inhibitors at 1 uM alongside 8 Gy radiation compared to controls with intact ATRX (AZD0156: p=0.0027 and AZD01390: p=0.0436). Mice intra-cranially implanted with ATRX-deficient GBM cells showed improved survival (n=10, p=0.0018) when treated with AZD0156 combined with radiation. Our findings suggest that ATRX loss in glioma results in unique sensitivity to ATM inhibition via epigenetic dysregulation of G2/M checkpoint maintenance.

Induction Immunosuppression With Thymoglobulin May Improve Graft Outcomes Without Increasing A Risk For Infection In Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation Alone, Matthew Henry

Medical Student Research Symposium

*Purpose: Immunosuppression protocol for liver transplant (LT) varies between institutions and roles of induction immunosuppression in LT remain controversial. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of primary LT patients based on the induction immunosuppression regimens, including thymoglobulin (rATG), basiliximab, and steroids. *Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 166 patients who underwent LT alone from 2017 through 2018 at a single institution. Patients were divided into three groups based on the type of induction immunosuppression utilized, and the outcomes were compared across groups. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to identify …

Improving Hearing Screenings With Tele-Otology, Ryan J. Miller, Joshua George-Lopez, Robert S. Hong Md, Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: The Lions Hearing Center of Michigan (LHC-MI) is an assistance program in Detroit that provides hearing aids to individuals in need. LHC-MI has provided thousands of hearing aids, but such efforts have been costly, requiring patients to make multiple appointments at multiple locations. To streamline this process, the LHC-MI is piloting a new program, titled “Hear Now! Detroit!”, that uses telemedicine to reach patients at community sites.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a hearing screening program that uses telemedicine to reduce the number of visits required to acquire hearing aids.

Methods: Teams of community volunteers were deployed to …

Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects By Inter-Ischemia Hypothermia In Cerebral Stroke, Hangil Lee, Yun Han, Xiaokun Geng, Fengwu Li, Yuchuan Ding

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background and Purpose. Studies have shown that inter-ischemia hypothermia is able to reduce the size of myocardial infarctions and improve their clinical outcomes. The present study determined whether inter-ischemia hypothermia induced by pharmacological approach induced stronger neuroprotection in ischemic brains.

Methods. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in 4 groups: (1) sham; (2) stroke; (3) stroke treated with pharmacological hypothermia before reperfusion (inter-ischemia hypothermia); and (4) stroke treated with pharmacological hypothermia after reperfusion is initiated (inter-reperfusion hypothermia). The combination of chlorpromazine and promethazine with dihydrocapsaicin was used to induce hypothermia. To compare the neuroprotective effects of drug-induced hypothermia between the …

Renal Safety And Racial Disparity In Patients On Antiviral Treatment For Chronic Hepatitis B, Matthew Miller, Sindhuri Benjaram, Raya Kutaimy, Paul Naylor, Elizabeth May, Murray Ehrinpreis, Milton Mutchnick

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background:

Many African Americans (AA) are chronically infected with Hepatitis B (HBV). While antiviral therapy is highly effective, clinical trials suggest a treatment-related decline in kidney function is possible. Given that chronic HBV predominately affects Asians worldwide, most studies have contained few AA patients. We evaluated these treatment-related kidney function changes in our predominately AA patient population.

Methods:

From 225 HBV patients, we identified 42 patients who were not co-infected with HIV or HCV, had a recent visit, and at least one earlier visit (before Jan 2017). If on treatment with antivirals it must have been for at least 2 …