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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Apples To Apples? Neural Correlates Of Emotion Regulation Differences Between High- And Low-Risk Adolescents, Michael T Perino, João F Guassi Moreira, Ethan M Mccormick, Eva H Telzer
Apples To Apples? Neural Correlates Of Emotion Regulation Differences Between High- And Low-Risk Adolescents, Michael T Perino, João F Guassi Moreira, Ethan M Mccormick, Eva H Telzer
2010-2019 OA Pubs
Adolescence has been noted as a period of increased risk taking. The literature on normative neurodevelopment implicates aberrant activation of affective and regulatory regions as key to inhibitory failures. However, many of these studies have not included adolescents engaging in high rates of risky behavior, making generalizations to the most at-risk populations potentially problematic. We conducted a comparative study of nondelinquent community (n = 24, mean age = 15.8 years, 12 female) and delinquent adolescents (n = 24, mean age = 16.2 years, 12 female) who completed a cognitive control task during functional magnetic resonance imaging, where behavioral inhibition was …
White Matter Damage, Neuroinflammation, And Neuronal Integrity In Hand, Aljoharah Alakkas, David B Clifford, Et Al.
White Matter Damage, Neuroinflammation, And Neuronal Integrity In Hand, Aljoharah Alakkas, David B Clifford, Et Al.
2010-2019 OA Pubs
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) persist even with virologic suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. We performed structural magnetic resonance imaging and MR spectroscopy (MRS) in HIV+ individuals without major neurocognitive comorbidities. Study participants were classified as neurocognitively unimpaired (NU), asymptomatic (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), or HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Using structural MRI, we measured volumes of cortical and subcortical gray matter and total and abnormal white matter (aWM). Using single-voxel MRS, we estimated metabolites in frontal gray matter (FGM) and frontal white matter (FWM) and basal ganglia (BG) regions. Adjusted odds …
Reward Improves Response Inhibition By Enhancing Attentional Capture, Yanqing Wang, Todd S Braver, Shouhang Yin, Xueping Hu, Xiangpeng Wang, Antao Chen
Reward Improves Response Inhibition By Enhancing Attentional Capture, Yanqing Wang, Todd S Braver, Shouhang Yin, Xueping Hu, Xiangpeng Wang, Antao Chen
2010-2019 OA Pubs
Reward plays a crucial role in enhancing response inhibition. While it is generally assumed that the process of response inhibition involves attentional capture and the stopping of action, it is unclear whether this reflects a direct impact of reward on response inhibition or rather an indirect mediation via attentional capture. Here, we employed a revised stop-signal task (SST) that separated these two cognitive elements, by including a continue signal that required the same motor response as in go trials, but also attention to a cue, as in stop trials. We first confirmed the engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus …